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INDEX-DIGEST

Statutes Construed

For cases in Dec.Dig. & Am.Dig. Key-No.Series & Indexes see same topic and KEY-NUMBER

SHIPPING.

VI. ACTIONS.

177 (N.Y.Sup.) Claims on file when statute
took effect need not be refiled.-Cooper-Snell
Co. v. State, 149.

I. REGULATION IN GENERAL.
32 [New, vol. 8A Key-No. Series]
(N.Y.Sup.) Emergency Fleet Corpora-184 (N.Y.Ct.Cl.) Evidence on claim for in-
tion may be sued in state courts.-Ingersoll-
Rand Co. v. U. S. Shipping Board Emergency
Fleet Corporation, 272.

VII. CARRIAGE OF GOODS.
145 (N.Y.Sup.) Provision that freight is
fully earned before loading is valid.-Greenhill
v. Delano, 617.

SLANDER.

See Libel and Slander.

SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE.

I. NATURE AND GROUNDS OF REM-
EDY IN GENERAL.

6 (N.Y.Sup.) Lack of mutuality no defense,
after full performance.-Stone v. 434 Broadway
Realty Corporation, 116.

16 (N.Y.Sup.) Relief may be refused, where
it would work hardship.-Levell & Weisch Real-
ty Co. v. Leggett, 163.

jury in sham battle held not to show it was
caused by state militia.-Lavenia v. State, 108.

184 (N.Y.Ct.Cl.) Statute authorizing Court
of Claims to hear claims of contractors con-
strued.-Callanan v. State, 688.

Premium for compensation insurance obtained
by contractors under Workmen's Compensation
Law not recoverable from state.-Id.

184 (N.Y.Ct.Cl.) Printed or typewritten
signature of notice of claim sufficient.-Hood v.
State, 814.

Signature to notice of claim at end of verifi-
cation held sufficient.-Id.

Claim against state may be signed by one of
two claimants.-Id.

Notice of claim sufficient, where it calls mat-
ter to attention of state.-Id.

184 (N.Y.Ct.Cl.) Claim on account of shoot-
ing into crowd by national guardsmen, injuring
claimant, held just and equitable.--Lorich v.
State, 818.

STATUTE OF FRAUDS.

17 (N.Y.Sup.) Not available to assignee, See Frauds, Statute of.
who did not assume obligations.-Schuyler v.
Kirk-Brown Realty Co., 95.

17 (N.Y.Sup.) Remedy not available to as-
signee, who did not assume obligations of con-
tract.-328 East Twenty-Sixth St. Realty Co.
v. Kahn, 95.

II. CONTRACTS ENFORCEABLE."

64 (N.Y.Sup.) Covenant of lease requiring
surrender may be specifically enforced.-Levell
& Weisch Realty Co. v. Leggett, 163.

STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.

See Limitation of Actions.

STATUTES.

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(A) General Rules of Construction.

IV. PROCEEDINGS AND RELIEF.
126(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Complaint not demur-181(1) (N.Y.City Ct.) Construed to effec-
rable, though plaintiff is not entitled to specific
performance.-Schuyler v. Kirk-Brown Realty

Co., 95.

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tuate intention of lawmakers.-Hein v. Standard
Die & Tool Works, 78.

225 (N.Y.City Ct.) Laws in pari materia
construed with reference to each other.-Hein
v. Standard Die & Tool Works, 78.

STATUTES CONSTRUED.

CONSTITUTION.

Art. 1, § 6-128 N. E. 677, 229 N. Y. 460.
Art. 3, § 19-184 N. Y. S. 818.
Art. 6, § 6-184 N. Y. S. 193.
Art. 5, § 9-184 N. Y. S. 133.
Art. 7, § 9-184 N. Y. S. 720.
Art. 8, § 9-184 N. Y. S. 688.
Art. 81-184 N. Y. S. 221.
Art. 12, § 2-184 N. Y. S. 254.

CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE,

§ 190, subsec. 1. Amended by Laws 1917, ch.
290-184 N. Y. S. 802.

§ 264-184 N. Y. S. 139, 814.
§ 338-184 N. Y. S. 77.
$362-184 N. Y. S. 715.

$$ 380, 382-184 N. Y. S. 81.
$382, subsec. 5-184 N. Y. S. 145.
$ 432-184 N. Y. S. 457.

§ 432, subsec. 3-184 N. Y. S. 462.
§ 449-184 N. Y. S. 656.

§ 488, subsec. 4-184 N. Y. S. 327.
$ 501-184 N. Y. S. 274, 630.
§ 531-184 N. Y. S. 411.

Statutes Construed

&533-184 N. Y. S. 335.

$ 542-185 N. Y. S. 48, 447.
$ 547-184 N. Y. S. 429.
§ 610-184 N. Y. S. 367.

$ 623-184 N. Y. S. 338.

636-184 N. Y. S. 558, 845.

184 NEW YORK SUPPLEMENT

636, subsec, 2-184 N. Y. S. 845.
723-184 N. Y. S. 234, 321.
724-184 N. Y. S. 152.
$$ 755, 760-184 N. Y. S. 159.
$ 768-184 N. Y. S. 490.
$784-184 N. Y. S. 321.
§ 820-184 N. Y. S. 311.

$$ 854-859-184 N. Y. S. 518.
$$ 872, 873-184 N. Y. S. 39.

$$ 963, 965-184 N. Y. S. 644.

§ 968-184 N. Y. S. 630.

$ 969-184 N. Y. S. 644.

$$ 970, 973, 974-184 N. Y. S. 630.
$977-184 N. Y. S. 315.

1009-184 N. Y. S. 216.
1021-184 N. Y. S. 315.
1207-184 N. Y. S. 604.

$ 1233-184 N. Y. S. 634.

§ 1241, subsec. 4-184 N. Y. S. 473.

§ 1317-184 N. Y. S. 472.

§§ 1340, 1342-184 N. Y. S. 44.
$1391-184 N. Y. S. 225.

CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE,
$$ 50-54, 64-184 N. Y. S. 254.

$$ 248, 252-267, 313-184 N. Y. S. 165.
§§ 326, 327-184 N. Y. S. 270.
$331-184 N. Y. S. 353.
527-184 N. Y. S. 114.

CONSOLIDATED LAWS.
Canal Law (Ch. 5).

2-184 N. Y. S. 281.

§ 15, subsec. 3-184 N. Y. S. 281.

$$ 47, 121-184 N. Y. S. 281.

Conservation Law (Ch. 65).

§ 50 (subsec. 32 added by Laws 1917, ch. 266,
§ 1)-184 N. Y. S. 281.

§ 62.

Amended by Laws 1916, ch. 451-184 N.
Y. S. 281.

Decedent Estate Law (Ch. 13).

Ch. 13-184 N. Y. S. 538.

§ 16-184 N. Y. S. 399.

$ 21-184 N. Y. S. 187, 536.

29-184 N. Y. S. 551.

Domestic Relations Law (Ch. 14).

§ 1531a added by Laws 1920, ch. 947-184 N. $ 5, subsecs. 1, 2-184 N. Y. S. 38.

Y. S. 516.

§ 1632-184 N. Y. S. 840.

§§ 1670, 1674-184 N. Y. S. 771.

§§ 1747, 1748-184 N. Y. S. 134.

§ 1766-184 N. Y. S. 464.

§ 1771-184 N. Y. S. 464, 512.

§ 1778-184 N. Y. S. 78.

1919-184 N. Y. S. 840.

2231-184 N. Y. S. 700.

2231, subsec. 1-184 N. Y. S. 516.

2231 (subsec. 1a added by Laws 1920, ch.

942)-184 N. Y. S. 308, 516, 868.

§ 2231, subsec. 2-184 N. Y. S. 516.

§ 2231, subsec. 2a. Amended by Laws 1920,
ch. 945-184 N. Y. S. 516.

§ 2233--184 N. Y. S. 516.

§ 2234-184 N. Y. S. 710.

§§ 2235, 2251-184 N. Y. S. 516.

§§ 2261, 2262-184 N. Y. S. 304.

§ 2265-184 N. Y. S. 710.

§ 2265, subsec. 2-184 N. Y. S. 304.

$ 2357-184 N. Y. S. 330.

§§ 3159, 3165, 3166-184 N. Y. S. 78.

§ 3228-184 N. Y. S. 481.

§ 3229-184 N. Y. S. 257.

3236-184 N. Y. S. 338.
3239-184 N. Y. S. 505.

3251-184 N. Y. S. 338, 634.

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§ 5 (subsec. 3 added by Laws 1893, ch. 601)-

184 N. Y. S. 38.

7-184 N. Y. S. 134.

§ 52-184 N. Y. S. 2.

Drainage Law (Ch. 15).

§ 30-184 N. Y. S. 687.

General City Law (Ch. 21).

§§ 6-8-184 N. Y. S. 518.

General Construction Law (Ch. 22).

§§ 93, 94-184 N. Y. S. 308.

General Corporation Law (Ch. 23).

$91a-184 N. Y. S. 484.

§ 170-184 N. Y. S. 753, 778.

$ 171-184 N. Y. S. 753.

$ 174-184 N. Y. S. 778.

Highway Law (Ch. 25).

2, subsec. 5-184 N. Y. S. 281.

§ 59a added by Laws 1910, ch. 701-184 N. Y.

S. 740.

151-128 N. E. 677, 229 N. Y. 460.

§ 176-184 N. Y. S. 281, 285.

§ 305, subsec. 1-184 N. Y. S. 751.

Indian Law (Ch. 26).

§ 46-128 N. E. 593, 229 N. Y. 438.
Insanity Law (Ch. 27).

$$ 80-99-184 N. Y. S. 438.

Insurance Law (Ch. 28).

$58-184 N. Y. S. 898.

§ 70-184 N. Y. S. 345.

Judiciary Law (Ch. 30).

$ 15-184 N. Y. S. 40.

§ 752-128 N. E. 675, 229 N. Y. 452.

Labor Law (Ch. 31).

Ch. 31-184 N. Y. S. 503.

§ 20. Amended by Laws 1913, ch. 492-184 N.

Y. S. 118.

$$ 70, 93-184 N. Y. S. 374.

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INDEX-DIGEST

§ 30P. Repealed by Laws 1920, ch. 911, § 28-
184 N. Y. S. 270.

Membership Corporations Law (Ch. 35).

71-184 N. Y. S. 296.

71, subsec. 4-184 N. Y. S. 296.

Military Law (Ch. 36).

§ 221-184 N. Y. S. 190.

Statutes Construed

$ 230, subsec. 5. Amended by Laws 1911, ch.
800, § 1-184 N. Y. S. 73.

§ 270-184 N. Y. S. 380.
$$ 270-278-184 N. Y. S. 305.
§ 278-184 N. Y. S. 380.

Village Law (Ch. 64).

§ 166-184 N. Y. S. 879.

Workmen's Compensation Law (Ch. 67).
Ch. 67-184 N. Y. S. 402. 413, 417, 418, 422,
424, 426, 588, 683, 686, 688, 750, 888.
group 41-184 N. Y. S. 495.

$2, second group 45-184 N. Y. S. 443, 888.
§ 3, subsec. 3-184 N. Y. S. 495.

§ 3, subsec. 4-184 N. Y. S. 888.

1

§ 245, subd. 7. Amended by Laws 1920, ch. 8 10-184 N. Y. S. 500, 576.
282-184 N. Y. S. 133.

$ 3, subsec. 7-128 N. E. 711; 229 N. Y. 470.

Negotiable Instruments Law (Ch. 38).

854-184 N. Y. S. 591.

$55-184 N. Y. S. 257.

§§ 160, 173, 174–184 N. Y. S. 232.

Penal Law (Ch. 40).

§ 270. Amended by Laws 1917, ch. 783-184
N. Y. S. 353.

340-184 N. Y. S. 765.

751, subsec. 12-184 N. Y. S. 356.
766-184 N. Y. S. 356.

§ 1897-184 N. Y. S. 114.

$1937-184 N. Y. S. 254.

§§ 2090, 2091-184 N. Y. S. 165.

Personal Property Law (Ch. 41).

§ 19-184 N. Y. S. 487.

§ 45-184 N. Y. S. 783.

§ 93-184 N. Y. S. 383.

8 124-184 N. Y. S. 387.

§ 130-184 N. Y. S. 383.

§§ 134, 137, 138-184 N. Y. S. 433.

$ 146-184 N. Y. S. 611.

§ 150-184 N. Y. S. 383.

Public Service Commissions Law (Ch. 48).

§ 65, subsec. 1-184 N. Y. S. 651.

Railroad Law (Ch. 49).

§ 181-184 N. Y. S. 369.

Real Property Law (Ch. 50).

42-184 N. Y. S. 330.

61, subsec. 3-184 N. Y. S. 330.
223-184 N. Y. S. 554.
242-184 N. Y. S. 829.

290, subsec. 3-184 N. Y. S. 116, 829.
§ 291-184 N. Y. S. 116, 829.

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§ 11-184 N. Y. S. 374.

§ 15, subsec. 2-184 N. Y. S. 500.

$ 16, subsec. 4-184 N. Y. S. 789.

$ 17-184 N. Y. S. 789.

§ 21-184 N. Y. S. 500, 576, 615.
$29-184 N. Y. S. 374, 735.

$$ 68, 72-184 N. Y. S. 774, 789.

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§ 129, subsec. 2-184 N. Y. S. 473.
§ 164-184 N. Y. S. 709.

§ 164, subsec. 7-184 N. Y. S. 606.

LAWS.

1882, ch. 410, § 873-184 N. Y. S. 740.
1882, ch. 410, § 1458, subsec. 3-184 N. Y. S.
395.

1882, ch. 410, § 1459-184 N. Y. S. 395.
1883, ch. 458-184 N. Y. S. 894.
1884, ch. 252-184 N. Y. S. 369.

1884, ch. 252, § 13-184 N. Y. S. 369.

1885, ch. 283-184 N. Y. S. 715.

1892, ch. 676-184 N. Y. S. 369.

1892, ch. 676, § 101-184 N. Y. S. 369.

1893, ch. 601-184 N. Y. S. 38.

1896, ch. 272, §§ 3, 4-184 N. Y. S. 765.
1901, ch. 466, §§ 406, 411-184 N. Y. S. 118.
1901, ch. 466 (§ 719 added by Laws 1916, ch.
503)-184 N. Y. S. 118.

1901, ch. 466, § 951-184 N. Y. S. 740.

Statutes Construed

184 NEW YORK SUPPLEMENT

1901, ch. 466, § 951. Amended by Laws 1918, ch. 619-184 N. Y. S. 740.

1901, ch. 466, § 1610-184 N. Y. S. 395. 1903, ch. 147, § 4-184 N. Y. S. 139.

SUBSCRIPTIONS.

(N.Y.Sup.) Contract held void for want of mutuality.-Russian Symphony Soc. v. Hol

1903, ch. 147, § 6. Amended by Laws 1911, ch. stein, 707. 736-184 N. Y. S. 720.

1905, ch. 646-184 N. Y. S. 300.

1910, ch. 659, §§ 2, 3, 31-184 N. Y. S. 254.
1910, ch. 701-184 N. Y. S. 740.
1911, ch. 736-184 N. Y. S. 720.

1911, ch. 800, § 1-184 N. Y. S. 73.

1913, ch. 492-184 N. Y. S. 118.

1913, ch. 738-184 N. Y. S. 281.

1914, ch. 41-184 N. Y. S. 688. 1914, ch. 443-184 N. Y. S. 277. 1915, ch. 279, § 6, subsec. 2-184 N. Y. S. 710. 1915, ch. 279, § 6, subsec. 3.

Amended by Laws 1920, ch. 210-184 N. Y. S. 710.

Agreement to pay orchestra expenses, void as not mutual, held not an offer or request. binding on performance.-Id.

5 (N.Y.Sur.) Agreement of decedent to pay church boards from estate after death supported by consideration.-In re Conger's Estate, 74.

SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS. See Execution, 420.

SURVIVAL.

1915, ch. 279, § 129, subsec. 2-184 N. Y. S. See Abatement and Revival, 55. 473.

1915, ch. 279, § 164-184 N. Y. S. 709.

1915, ch. 279, § 164, subsec. 7-184 N. Y. S. 606.

1915, ch. 579. Amended by Laws 1916, ch. 358-184 N. Y. S. 254.

1915, ch. 579, § 9-184 N. Y. S. 254. 1915, ch. 664-184 N. Y. S. 542.

1916, ch. 358-184 N. Y. S. 254.

1916, ch. 420-184 N. Y. S. 139. 1916, ch. 451-184 N. Y. S. 281. 1916, ch. 503, § 719-184 N. Y. S. 118. 1917, ch. 266, § 1–184 N. Y. S. 281. 1917, ch. 290-184 N. Y. S. 802. 1917, ch. 783-184 N. Y. S. 353. 1917, ch. 646-184 N. Y. S. 300. 1917, ch. 646, § 3-184 N. Y. S. 300. 1918, ch. 603-184 N. Y. S. 149. 1918, ch. 607-184 N. Y. S. 688. 1918, ch. 619-184 N. Y. S. 740. 1919, ch. 579-184 N. Y. S. 818. 1920, ch. 113-184 N. Y. S. 214.

1920, ch. 136-184 N. Y. S. 129.

1920, ch. 137-184 N. Y. S. 308.

1920, ch. 137, §§ 3, 4—184 N. Y. S. 468, 710. 1920, ch. 137, § 5-184 N. Y. S. 710.

1920, ch. 210-184 N. Y. S. 710.
1920, ch. 282-184 N. Y. S. 133.

1920, ch. 814-184 N. Y. S. 108.
1920, ch. 911, § 28-184 N. Y. S. 270.
1920, ch. 942-184 N. Y. S. 308, 516, 868.
1920, chs. 945, 947-184 N. Y. S. 516.

STREET RAILROADS.

TAXATION.

III. LIABILITY OF PERSONS AND PROPERTY.

(B) Corporations and Corporate Stock and Property.

C166 (N.Y.Sup.) Foreign corporation paying franchise tax is exempt from tax on personal property.-People ex rel. United Shoe Machinery Corporation v. Cantor, 214.

V. LEVY AND ASSESSMENT. (D) Mode of Assessment of Corporate Stock, Property, or Receipts.

387 (N.Y.Sup.) Money received by life insurance company from sales of annuities not "premiums," for purposes of computation of franchise tax; "insurance."-People ex rel. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. Knapp, 345.

(G) Review, Correction, or Setting Aside

of Assessment.

478 (N.Y.Sup.) Application to revise franchise tax must be presented within year.People ex rel. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. Knapp, 345.

VII. PAYMENT AND REFUNDING OR RECOVERY OF TAX PAID.

533 (N.Y.Sup.) Absence of stamp from agreement does not justify refusal to transfer shares on books.-Smyth v. Pure Ice Co. of Williamsburg, 305.

II. REGULATION AND OPERATION. 533 (N.Y.Sup.) State tax stamp need not

98 (10) (N. Y. Sup.) Pedestrian crossing tracks held negligent in failing to look.-Holomosick v. Hedges, 476.

SUBMISSION OF CONTROVERSY.

16 (N.Y.Sup.) Will be dismissed, where agreed statement is insufficient.-Waitt Investing Co. v. Robbins, 469.

SUBROGATION.

7(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Surety of city contractor, taking over work, subrogated to rights of city. Merchants' Nat. Bank of Worcester v. Long, 34.

be attached to memorandum of sale of corpoCo. of New York, 380. rate stock.-Lyon v. Farmers' Loan & Trust

XIII. LEGACY, INHERITANCE, AND TRANSFER TAXES.

856 (N.Y.Sur.) Transfer tax imposed on right of succession.-In re Coykendall's Estate. 73. 866 (N.Y.Sur.) Succession taxes may be imposed in case of joint bank accounts.-In re Lydig's Estate. 542.

867(1) (N.Y.Sur.) Stocks and bonds used as collateral to be considered as capital.-In re Tyson's Estate, 398.

7(9) (N.Y.Sup.) Surety on appeal bond of "Good will" of business of decedent not taxone joint tort-feasor entitled to recover from able as "capital invested in business in the others their proportionate share.-City of state."-Id. White Plains v. Ellis, 444.

C17 (N.Y.Sup.) Second mortgagee held subrogated to claim for interest and principal paid by owner to first mortgagee.-Lowenthal v. Earnett, 99.

868(1) (N.Y.Sur.) Foreign debts have situs in domicile of owner.-In re Lydig's Estate, 542.

Succession tax imposed on joint bank account in a foreign state.-Id.

INDEX-DIGEST

Vendor and Purchaser

For cases in Dec.Dig. & Am.Dig. Key-No.Series & Indexes see same topic and KEY-NUMBER

876(3) (N.Y.Sur.) Testamentary gift for public school exempt from transfer tax.-In re Guiteras' Estate, 190.

Testamentary gift for public school to town, is to "educational corporation," within transfer tax exemption.-Id.

Testamentary gift to foreign town exempt from transfer tax.-Id.

Bequest as well as devise to town for schoolhouse exempt from transfer tax.-Id.

X. TRIAL BY COURT. (A) Hearing and Determination of Cause.

377 (2) (N.Y.Sup.) Error to refuse to reopen case to produce witness, the absence of whom the court remarked on in deciding case. Liberty Lace & Netting Works v. Goetz, 470.

TRUST DEEDS.

895(7) (N.Y.Sur.) Method of appraisal of See Mortgages. estate of nonresident proper in allowing commissions to executrix.-In re Tyson's Estate, 398.

900(4) (N.Y.Sur.) Increase from extinction of estate by death taxable despite prior payment of tax.-In re Coykendall's Estate, 73.

TORTS.

TRUSTS.

I. CREATION, EXISTENCE, AND VA-
LIDITY.

(A) Express Trusts.

2 (N.Y.Sup.) Law of state of decedent's residence governed deposits in bank in trust 20-64;59(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Savings for another.-Morris v. Sheehan, 121. construed to create a tentative trust, revocable bank deposit by depositor before her death.-Moran Ferchland, 428.

See Conspiracy, 1-17; Fraud,
Malicious Prosecution, 12-49; Municipal
Corporations, 819-852; Negligence,
2-139.

V.

21 (N.Y.Sup.) Those aiding or commanding 59(4) (N.Y.Sup.) Savings bank deposits, tort by another are liable.-Burgess Bros. Co. made in trust, without notice to beneficiary, held v. Stewart, 199. revoked by depositor's will.-Morris v. Sheehan,

TOWNS.

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See Continuance; Costs; Criminal Law,
778-826; Jury; New Trial.

For trial of particular actions or proceedings,
see also the various specific topics.
For review of rulings at trial, see Appeal.

121.

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III. APPOINTMENT, QUALIFICA-
TION, AND TENURE OF
TRUSTEE.

160(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Failure of Surrogate's Court to require substituted trustee to give bond not jurisdictional defect.-Mulligan Bond & Mortgage Guarantee Co., 429.

V.

166(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Where trustee invests
be removed.-Cummings v. Williams, 404.
funds contrary to directions of creator, he will
IV. MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL
OF TRUST PROPERTY.
that

I. NOTICE OF TRIAL AND PRELIMI-172 (N.Y.Sur.) Direction
NARY PROCEEDINGS.

4 (N.Y.Sup.) Issues on counterclaim, which involved issues on complaint, not tried first.Maag v. Maag Gear Co., 630.

VI. TAKING CASE OR QUESTION
FROM JURY.

(A) Questions of Law or of Fact in Gen

eral.

placing of all stock in one trust fund.-In re held "intact" construed not to require the stock be Davis' Estate, 813.

VII. ESTABLISHMENT AND EN-
FORCEMENT OF TRUST.

(B) Right to Follow Trust Property or
Proceeds Thereof.

140(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Testimony of party in-350 (N.Y.Sup.) Beneficiary, suing trustee terested not necessarily for jury.-Perlmutter for mismanagement, may elect to take value of v. Byrne, 580. property.-Ostrander v. Ostrander, 797. 141 (N.Y.Sup.) Submission of issue as to Beneficiary, electing to take money, instead of undisputed fact erroneous.-Westhofen v. Bern- securities, should convey her interest to trusard, 401.

(D) Direction of Verdict. 177 (N.Y.Sup.) Court can decide facts on motion of both parties for directed verdict.Gertner v. Glens Falls Ins. Co., 669.

VII. INSTRUCTIONS TO JURY. (B) Necessity and Subject-Matter. 205 (N.Y.Sup.) Failure to instruct on burden of proof held error.-Frank v. Ryan, 341.

(E) Requests or Prayers. 260(4) (N.Y.Sup.) Refusal of an instruction as to effect of failure to call witness held proper. Treuhaft v. Bender, 805, 954.

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