A. Eleven; Portugal, Spain, England, the two Sicilies, Sardinia, Sweden, Denmark, Prussia, Hungary, Bohemia, and Etruria.

Q. What is the ecclesiastical state?

A. A part of Italy under the dominion of the Pope.

Q. How many republics are there?

A. Nine; 1st, France; 2d, Italy; 3d, Holland; 4th, Venice; 5th, Genoa; 6th, Lucca ; 7th, Ragusa; 8th, Switzerland; and 9th, Geneva. The Emperor Bonaparte, has, and still continues to make great overturns in these republics, by the establishment of monarchies, &c. Q. Are they also independent states like monarchies ?

A. Yes; except Ragusa which is under the protection of the Turks, and pays tribute to them.

Q. How many electorates are there?

A. Nine; three ecclesiastical, the Archbishop of Mentz, the Archbishop of Treves, and the Archbishop of Cologne. Six secular, the King of Bohemia, the Dukes of Bavaria and Saxony, the Prince Palatinate, the Marquis of Brandenburg, now King of Prussia, and the Duke of Brunswick-Hanover.

Q. Where are they situated?

A. All in Germany, except the electorate of Bohemia, which is an independent kingdom. Q. Are they all sovereign states?

A. Yes; but held by fief of the Emperor and Empire.

Q. How many dukedoms are there?

A. They are too numerous to be reckoned up

here.

Q. How are they divided?

A. Inte

A. Into arch-dukedoms, grand-dukedoms, and dukedoms, properly so called; Austria, is the only arch-dukedom; the grand dukedoms are, Lithunia, united to Poland, and Florence to Tuscany in Italy, the principal dukedoms are, Lorrain, Courland, Silesia, Milan, Parma, Modena, &c. And in Germany those of Saxony, Mecklenburgh, Holstein, Wirtemburg, &c. Q. What is a principality?

A. A principality, like a dukedom, is a small sovereignty. There are a great many of them, and they are generally dependent on some more considerable state. In Germany there are two sorts, one ecclesiastical, the other secular; the former are archbishops, bishops or abbots; the latter are, margraves, landgraves, or principalities, properly so called.

Q. What more is to be remarked of Germany ?

A. Two things; 1st, that it is divided into circles; and 2d, that there are in it an infinite number of free and imperial towns.

Q. What is a circle?

A. A certain extent of country.
Q. How are they called?

A. 1st, Austria; 2d, Suabia; 3d, Bavaria; 4th, Franconia; 5th, Upper Saxony; 6th, Lower Saxony; 7th Westphalia; 8th, Lower Rhine; 9th, Upper Rhine; and 10th Burgundy, now united to the Republic of France.

Q. What is a free and imperial town?

A. Free cities are little sovereign states, but have some dependence upon the emperor and empire. The principal are Nuremburgh, Augsbourg, Ratisbonne, Hamburg, Frankfort, Cologne, &c.

Q. What

Q. What are the capital cities of the three empires?

A. The capital of Germany is Vienna; of Turkey, Constantinople; of Russia, Petersburg. Q. What are the capital cities of the eleven kingdoms ?

A. The capital of the kingdom of Portugal, is Lisbon; of Spain, Madrid; of England, London ; of the two Sicilies, Naples; of Sardinia, Cagliari; of Sweden, Stockholm; of Denmark, Copenhagen; of Eutruria, Florence; of Prussia, Koningsburgh; of Hungary, Buda; and of Bohemia, Prague.

Q. What is the capital town of the ecclesiastical state?

A. Rome, which was formerly the capital of the Roman empire.

Q. What are the capital towns of the nine Republics?

A. Paris is the capital of France; Milan of Italy; Amsterdam of Holland, and Zurich of Switzerland; the others have the same name as the republics themselves.

Q. And the capitals of the electorates?

A. Mentz is the capital of the electorate of the same name; Treves of the electorate of the same name, Bonn of Cologne, Prague of Bohemia, Munich of Bavaria, Dresden of Saxony, Manheim of the Palatinate, Berlin of Brandenburg, and Hanover of Brunswick.

Q. What are the principal rivers in Europe? A. The Dwina and the Tanais in Russia; the Danube, the Rhine, and the Elbe in Germany; the Seine, the Rhone, and the Garonne, in France; the Maese in the Low Countries; the Vistula

Vistula in Poland; the Thames in England; the Ebro, and the Duro, in Spain and Portugal; and the Po, in Italy.

What are the chief islands in Europe?"

A. Great Britain and Ireland in the North in the Mediterranean sea are Yvica, Majorca, and Minorca, subject to Spain; Corsica was formerly subject to Genoa, but become a free state under the brave PAOLI, who has since been driven out of his territories by the French, who are now masters of the island; Sardinia subject to its own king, and Sicily governed by a viceroy under the king of Naples, to whom the island belongs. The islands of the Archipelago and Candia own the Grand Turk for their master; the islands of the Baltic, the Adriatic and Ionian seas are not worthy your notice.

How is Asia divided?

A. Into the kingdoms of Tartary, China, (from whence we have great quantities of china ware and raw silk) India, Persia, Indostan, and Turkey in Asia.

Q. What are the principal islands in this quarter?

A. The islands in Asia are, the Marian, or Ladrone islands, Formoso and the Philipines in the Eastern ocean; the Moluccas, and the spice islands, Celebes, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Ceylon, the Maldives, &c. in the Indian ocean; Cyprus, Rhodes, Lesbos, or Mytelene, Chios, or Scio, Samos, Coos, and a few others of less note on the coasts of Asia and in the Mediterranean.

Q. What is this quarter most famous for? A. Its having been the residence of our first parents, and giving birth to our blessed Saviour. G Q. What

2

Q. What are the manners of the inhabitants? A. In general they are gross, ignorant and lazy. They love only good cheer and their pleasures. They are extremely jealous of their wives, and cruel to their slaves.

Q. What are the chief kingdoms of Africa? A. Egypt, Barbary, Morocco, Zaara, or the great Desert, Negroland, Ethiopia, and Guinea, where ships go yearly to purchase slaves. &

Are the islands of Africa considerable ? A Yes; but the following are the principal ones, Madagascar, the largest, called also St. Lawrence, the inhabitants black, wild, savage, naked, and under no particular governor; the small islands of Cape Verd, the Canary islands, the Madeiras, noted for excellent wines, the Guinea isles, and the isles Ascension and St. Helena, with others of lesser note in the Ethiopic sea.

Q. What character have the people?

A. The inhabitants are for the most part tawny, and in some parts quite black; they have been always gross idolators, worshipping the stars, fire, and planets; they are accused of feeding on human flesh.

LESSON XVII.

OF AMERICA.

As every thing which respects America must be impor. tant to the rising generation, we take the liberty of copying the following from a work lately published at Philadelphia, entitled, Polite Learning,'-notwithstanding we have already mentioned some short account, a little similar.]

GIVE me some account

IVE me some account of America ?:
A. The.