Besides the common form of the subjunctive, there are hypothetical forms of the present and past, and an elliptical form of the future.

Present Tense.

Hypothetical Forms.

If I loved n

If thou lovedst n
If you loved n
If he loved n

Did I n love

Didst thou n love
Did you n love

Did he n love

If we loved n

If ye loved n
If you loved n
If they loved n

Did we n love
Did ye n love
Did you n love
Did they n love

N. B. There is an idiomatic peculiarity in the subjunctive forms. When I say, "if it rains;" it is understood that I am not certain, whether it rains or not: but when I say, "if it rained, we should be obliged to seek shelter;" it is understood that I am certain it does not rain. If I say, "if it did not rain, I would take a walk;" I convey the idea that it does rain, at the time of speaking, If it rained, or did it rain, in the present time, implies, it does not rain; if it did not rain, or did it not rain, in present time, implies that it does rain; thus in this peculiarity, an affirmative sentence always implies a negation, and negative sentence, an affirmation.

Past Tense.
Hypothetical Forms.

If I had n loved
If thou hadst n loved
If you had n loved
If he had n loved

Had I n loved
Hadst thou n loved
Had you n loved

Had he n loved

If we had n loved
If ye had n loved
If you had n loved
If they had n loved

Had we n loved
Had ye n loved
Had you n loved
Had they n loved

a

In these forms also, an affirmative sentence implies a negation, and a negative sentence, an affirmation: thus, had he loved implies he had not loved, &c. "Had ye endured like those great sufferers." Hillhouse' Scene from Hadad-for if ye had endured.

"In the

NOTE. If I love, &c., for If I shall or will love, &c. future tense the auxiliary may be, and often is, suppressed."

"The

"It is further to be remarked, that should is very often used to form the conditional future-if I should, thou shouldst, &c. This tense is inflected like the past tense, but is probably more used for the conditional future than shall and will." other auxiliaries also (might, could and would) in the past time are used in this conditional mode in a very indefinite sense." [Webster's Improved Grammar, p. 68.

Exercises on the Verb Love.

He loves. We love. Thou lovest. She loveth. You love. They loved. Thou lovedst. We loved. He loved. You have loved. We have loved. He hath loved. Thou hast loved.

We had loved. She had loved. Thou hadst loved. They had loved. You shall love. He will love. They shall love. To love. Thou shalt have loved. He will have loved. To have loved. It may love. He might love. Thou shouldst love.

We can have loved. They might have loved. You should have loved. Love. Love thou. If he loves. Though they love. Admit he loved. If they loved. If you have loved. If we had loved. If thou hadst loved. If we shall love. If you will have loved. If they shall have loved. If they can love. If thou canst love.

If we might love. If you could leve. If they may have loved.

2

If thou couldst have loved. If you should have loved. Loving Loved. Love ye. Do ye love.

Parse the verb in each exercise after the following

Model.

Loves is a verb, because it asserts action; root, to love; principal parts-pres. love-past, loved-perf. part. loved; regular, it forms its past tense, and perf. part. by adding d to the present; transitive, the action can pass over to an object; active voice, the action is performed by the subject or nominative; indicative mode, the action is simply asserted; present tense it denotes present time; and in the third person, singular number, to agree with its nominative he, according to rule II. (which repeat.) Parse the names and verbs in the following

Exercises.

The boy writes. The boat sails. The sun rises. The stars twinkle. The horse runs. The boys play. Grass grows. Men labor. Children play. Is it James? Will Thomas come? Shall the messenger depart? The lady can sing. The musician can play. Go thou. Depart in peace.

INTERROGATIVE CONJUGATION OF

The foregoing form is but little used. The following is the

asual form of asking questions.

Did they n love?

Did you n love?

The other form of this tense-loved he?-is seldom used.

In the same way with the other auxiliaries of this tense.

Prior-Present Tense.

May I n have loved?

Mayest thou n have loved?
May you n have loved?
May he n have loved?
In the same way with the other

May we n have loved? May ye n have loved? May you n have loved? May they n have loved? auxiliaries of this tense.

Exercises.

Does he love? Do we love? Dost thou love? Does she love? Did it love? Did I love? Did you love? Have they loved? Hast thou loved? Had we loved? Had you loved?

Shall we love? Will they love? Shalt thou have loved? Shall they have loved? Canst thou love? May it love? Could they love? Wouldst thou love? Can he have loved? Could you have loved? Would they have loved?

Parse the verb in each of these examples according to the model given.

CONJUGATION OF LOVE, WITH THE AUXILIARY,

* This form constitutes what some grammarians call the definite tenses; but if it is any more definite than the other form, it must be only conventionally so; for the present participle loving, is indefinite, as well as the present tense loves, am, &c., and it is impossible for two indefinite words, of themselves, to constitute one definite one. Is writing, is, conventionally, more definite than writes: but it will be difficult, on careful reflection, to perceive that was writing, or shall be writing, is any more definite than wrote or shall write. To say that the participle in ing renders the tenses definite, is to make that participle, the definite present, the definite past, and the definite future: which is to say that it posBesses definitely, all the qualities that constitute a tense indefinite.