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Prior-Present

I may n have been loved

Thou mayest n have been loved
You may n have been loved
He may n have been loved

Tense.

We may n have been loved
Ye may n have been loved
You may n have been loved
They may n have been loved

In the same way with the auxiliaries can, must, might, could, would and should.

SUBJUNCTIVE MODE.

Besides the common forms of this mode, there are the following

Subjunctive Forms.

Present Tense.
Hypothetical Forms.

If I were n loved
If thou wert n loved
If you was or were n loved
If he were n loved

Were In loved
Wert thou n loved
Were you n loved
Were he n loved

If we were n loved
If ye were n loved
If you were n loved
If they were n loved
Were we n loved
Were ye n loved

Were they n loved

NOTE. If I were loved, and, were I loved, imply, I am not loved; if I were not loved, and, were I not loved, imply, I am loved, A negative sentence implies an affirmation; and an affirmative sentence implies a negation, in these forms of the subjunctive.

Past Tense.

Hypothetical Forms.

If I had n been loved
If thou hadst n been loved
If you had n been loved
If he had n been loved

Had I n been loved
Hadst thou n been loved
Had you n been loved
Had he n been loved

If we had n been loved (If ye had ʼn been loved

{ ye loved

If they had n been loved
Had we n been loved
Had ye n been loved
Had you n been loved
Had they n been loved

In this form, also, an affirmative sentence implies a negation, and a negative sentence implies an affirmation.

If you be n loved

If they be n loved

This form is often used in the present tense, but it is, properly, the elliptical future. If I be loved, &c., for, if I shall or will be loved, &c.; and grammarians usually explain it as having a future signification.

Thou art loved. We are loved. To be loved.

You was

loved. He was loved. To have been loved. They were loved. We have been loved. Thou hast been loved. It had been loved. You have been loved. They had been loved. We shall be loved. You will be loved. They will have been loved. He will have heen loved.

You may be loved. She can be loved. He might be loved. We could be loved. They should be loved. We could have been loved. They would have been loved. Being loved. Been loved.

Be loved. Be ye loved. Do you be loved. If I am loved. If he is loved. If we were loved. I was loved. If I had been loved.

1. If thou wert loved. Were we loved.

thou been loved.

If I were loved. Had he been loved.
Wert thou loved. Had I been loved.
If I be loved. If thou be

Were I loved.

loved. If he be loved. If we be loved. If you be loved

Hadst

*The negative not is often placed after do, and contracted into don't.

Parse the verb in each example after the model already given, remembering to give the voice correctly, and the reason of it; then

Change the exercises from the passive, to the active voice.

INTERROGATIVE PASSIVE.

The learner should conjugate the passive verb interrogatively; and, if any further assistance is needed, turn to the interrogative conjugation of be, and add the perfect participle loved; thus, am I loved? &c.

NOTE 1. Usage authorizes the employment of a few intransitive verbs in the passive form; as, "We are arrived.” Blackstone. "When the whole evidence has been gone through." Story. "The army, indeed, is come to fine pass." Junius. "I am come." Barber. "When Saul was come to Jerusalem.' Acts ix. 26. This mode of expression is, by no means, the most elegant.

Parse these, and all such expressions, with intransitive verbs, without distinction of voice, as if written, "We have arrived."

NOTE 2. There is a kind of passive use of verbs, often employed at the present day, which seems to be faulty; as, "The house is being built." This expression is egregiously tautological; for it has two forms of the verb to be, in immediate succession, of nearly the same import; moreover, is built and being built, are both passive forms of the verb; hence is BEING BUILT is a double passive.

AGAIN. The passive voice is formed by adding the perfect participle of the active voice to the verb to be, but this expression is formed by adding the present participle passive, to the verb to be, and therefore it cannot be a proper passive verb.

This awkward sentence does not properly express the idea intended by it; for being is equivalent to existing; hence the house is being built, is equivalent to, the house is existing built. Furthermore, built, being a perfect participle, cannot be applied to unfinished action.

ONCE MORE. Conjugate the verb in this form, thus:-Inf. present, to be being built-past, to have been being built. Ind. The house is being built-the house has been being built-the house was being built-the house had been being built-the house shall be being built-the house shall have been being built. &c. This sets this expression in its true light.

The correct expression is, the house is building.

IRREGULAR VERBS.

All verbs whose past tense and perfect participle are not formed by adding d or ed to the verb in the present, are called irregular.

In the following list of irregular verbs, the obsolete and obsolescent forms of the past tense and perfect participle, are distinguished in separate columns.

List of Principal Parts.

*To be is the root of am; to form the roots of all other verbs in the list, the learner has only to prefix the particle to to the present.

Rindicates that the verbs thus marked have also regular forms in those places.

*"Hang, to take away life, is regular; as, the robber was hanged but the gown was hung up."-Bullions' Gram. In the above examples, hang is transitive; it is often, however, used intransitively; as, the hat hangs on a pin.