ity is in favor of the principle here stated. In England the rule is settled in this way. It is so settled by the Supreme Court of the United States, which is the rule of decision for this court.— Chitty on bills, 509, 510, 514, 515, 516; 1 T. R. 168; 6 East. 3; Bank of Columbia vs. Lawrence, 1 Peters, 581; Lenox vs. Roberts, 4 Peters' Cond. Rep. 164; Bush vs. Swan, 9 Peters, 45; Dickens vs. Bull, 10 Peters, 581.

The case of Johnson vs. Wilson, decided at the term of 1840, of this court, was ruled, exclusively, on the agreement of the parties, on the subject of demand and notice.

Judgment reversed.

MOSES M. STRONG, for pl'tff in error.

F. J. DUNN, for def't in error.

HENRY MERRILL, pl'ff in error,

vs.

GIDEON LOW, def't in error,

Error to Dane county.

WHERE an affidavit stated the cause for issuing a writ of attachment to be, that the plaintiff had good reason to believe, and did believe, that the defendant was about fraudulently to remove his property, convey or dispose of the same so as to hinder and delay, &c., it is not sufficient to authorize the writ of attachment; and where a writ has issued, founded upon such an affidavit, it should be quashed on motion. The word fraudulently, qualifies the word remove only; and the words hinder and delay, refer to the words convey or dispose; and an affidavit thus worded, does not present any sufficient cause for issuing a writ of attachment.

The affidavit should be so direct, positive and certain as to be free from question or doubt.

Where the officer certifies that he is satisfied that the facts and allegations set forth in the affidavit are true, and that the affiant is entitled to a writ of attachment, it is a sufficient indorsement of satisfaction.

A writ of attachment which commands the sheriff, that the property "so attached in your hands to secure, or so to provide, that the same may be liable to further proceedings thereupon at a term of that District Court, to be holden," &c., "so as to compel the defendant to appear and answer the complaint of the plaintiff, when and where you shall make known to the said court how you have executed this writ ;" is made returnable within the meaning and intention of the law.

Merrill sued out of the Dane District Court, a writ of attach

ment against Low, dated 30th July, 1841, founded upon the following affidavit:

"Henry Merrill being duly sworn doth depose and say, that Gideon Low, of Fort Winnebago, is justly indebted to this deponent, in about the sum of sixteen hundred dollars lawful money, over and above all legal off-sets, and that he has good reason to believe, and does believe, that said Low is about fraudulently to remove his property, convey or dispose of the same, so as to hinder and delay this deponent, and further saith not."

Upon which affidavit was the following indorsement of satisfaction by the officer before whom it was made:

"I hereby certify, that I am fully satisfied that the facts and allegations set forth in the above affidavit, are true, and that the said affiant is justly entitled to his writ of attachment;" and signed by the Supreme Court Commissioner.

The writ of attachment which issued, after the attaching part, went on to command the sheriff, that the property "so attached in your hands to secure, or so to provide, that the same may be liable to further proceedings thereupon at a term of that District Court to be holden at Madison on the second Monday after the fourth Monday in October next, so as to compel the said Gideon Low to appear and answer the complaint of the said Henry Merrill, when and where you shall make known to the said court how you have executed this writ."

Notice of the attachment was published, and at the return term, the defendant moved the court to quash the writ upon the following grounds:

"1. Because the affidavit of the said plaintiff filed with the clerk of said court in the above entitled cause, is insufficient, for the reason, that the said affiant does not swear to the existence of any particular fact which authorizes the issuing of a writ of attachment.

2. Because the said affidavit is uncertain.

3. Because the certificate of Wm. N. Seymour, as supreme court commissioner, upon the said affidavit, is insufficient, for the reason, that it does not appear that the said Wm. N. Seymour was satisfied of the existence of any particular fact which authorizes the issue of a writ of attachment.

4. Because the said writ of attachment is not made returnable according to law."

Upon this motion, the District Court quashed the writ and dismissed the suit.

To reverse this judgment, Merrill has prosecuted this writ of error; and the question presented for the determination of this Court, is: did the District Court err in sustaining the motion of the defendant?

BOTKIN for pl'ff in error:

There is but one error relied upon in this case, and that is, that the District Court erred in quashing the writ upon the alledged insufficiency of the affidavit. The affidavit is not in the disjunctive, as was insisted in the court below, according to the decision of this court in the case of Morrison vs. Fake. One of the causes for issuing the writ, is stated in the very words of the law, and the portion of the affidavit that is objected to, may be rejected as surplusage.

CLARK for def't in error:

The principal argument to reverse the judgment of the District Court is, that the affidavit follows the very language of the statute. This is not true in point of fact; but if it was, it does not follow of course that it is legally certain. If an affidavit should embrace all the grounds for the writ, couched in the very words of the statute, no one would contend that it would be sufficient. If any one of the facts exists, it is enough, and the affidavit must state distinctly what the fact is. Nothing should be left in doubt as to its true meaning.

WHITON, in continuation:

The affidavit does not state any distinct ground for the writ. It is confused and uncertain. It charges that the defendant is about fraudulently to remove his property, but it does not state for what purpose or to what effect: Also, that he is about to convey or dispose of the same so as to hinder and delay the plaintiff, but the fraudulent intent is not coupled with this allegation. The act about to be done, and the fraudulent intention of the defendant in doing it, should be so distinctly stated and so coupled together, that there could be no doubt in ascertaining the specific fact charged.

The Supreme Court Commissioner does not certify that he is satisfied that any particular fact exists, but only that the affidavit is true. The affidavit only states the belief of the party, and the certificate amounts to nothing more than that the officer is satis

fied that the plaintiff believes as he has stated in his affidavit.The officer ought to be satisfied of facts, and not of mere belief, and his certificate that he is satisfied of the truth of the affidavit, in general terms, is not sufficient.

The statute requires all writs to be made returnable on the first day of the next succeeding term, unless the court shall otherwise direct. (Stat. Wis. 200.) This writ is not made returnable at all. The Sheriff is not commanded to return the writ. At most, it is returnable to the term generally, and not on the first day of the term, as the statute requires. For this cause alone it is bad and should be quashed.

Opinion of the Court, by Chief Justice DUNN:

This suit was originally commenced in the District Court of Dane County, by attachment issued on an affidavit of facts as cause for issuing the writ, with an indorsement of satisfaction thereon by a proper officer. In the court below, the defendant moved to quash the writ and dismiss the proceedings for these reasons, viz:

"1. Because the affidavit of said plaintiff, filed with the clerk of said court in this cause, is insufficient in this, that it does not state the existence of any particular fact which authorizes the issuing of a writ of attachment.

2. Because the affidavit is uncertain.

3. Because the certificate of William N. Seymour, as Supreme Court Commissioner, upon the affidavit, is insufficient, for the reason that it does not appear that the said Seymour was satisfied of the existence of any particular fact which authorizes the issuing of a writ of attachment.

4. Because the said writ of attachment is not made returnable according to law:"

Which motion was sustained by the court below, and the writ was quashed and the proceedings dismissed. To reverse this de

cision a writ of error is prosecuted in this court.

The inquiry arises here, was there error in the decision of the court below, in sustaining the motion to quash for the reasons assigned? This brings us to the consideration of the reasons in the order in which they are presented. The first and second reasons urge the insufficiency and uncertainty of the affidavit. In Morrison against Fake, this court classed the cases in which attachment is authorized to issue, by the act concerning the writ of at

tachment, page 165, Revised Statutes, into six classes. The 6th is, "that such debtor is about fraudulently to remove, convey, or dispose of his property or effects, so as to hinder and delay his creditor:" And the court said: "We find it to be practiced in the Territory, to set out this cause in the disjunctive, as set out here, and we are not disposed to change it. We are not disposed to confine the party to the use of one of the words, remove, convey, or dispose, but he may use one or all at his pleasure; also, the words property, or effects. In a case of fraud it may de difficult to obtain satisfactory information whether a man is removing or disposing of his property. Clearly, the party cannot set out two causes of attachment in the disjunctive. Both these points seem to be settled in 3 Watts' Reports, 144."

The proceeeding by attachment being a departure from the common law, and a violent remedy, the court in that case went as far in favor of the proceeding by attachment, as could be reconciled to any adjudications on the subject in former cases, and they cannot go beyond the rule there laid down. If the affidavit in this case conformed to that rule, it would be sustained by the court; but upon examination, insufficiency and uncertainty are imposing on the face of the affidavit, in respect to the rule referred to. The affidavit is in these words: "Has good reason to believe and does believe, that the said Low is about fraudulently to remove his property, convey or dispose of the same, so as to hinder or delay this deponent." It is uncertain and therefore insufficient in this, that according to the acknowledged rules of grammatical construction, the adverb, fraudulently, qualifies the word remove only, and not the words convey or dispose; and the words so as to hinder or delay this deponent," refer to the words convey or dispose," as their antecedent, and not to the words " "fraudulently remove," thus presenting no sufficient and certain cause for issuing the attachment. For it will not be insisted on that the words" about fraudulently to remove his property," without the qualifying words, "so as to hinder or delay this deponent," would be a sufficient ground upon which to award the writ of attachment. Nor that the words "convey or dispose of his property so as to hinder or delay this deponent," without the qualifying word, "fraudulently," prefixed, would be a sufficient ground for the same. purpose. The affidavit in this respect should be so direct, positive, and certain, that upon a public prosecution on the same charge,

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