Consequent Necessity to the Americans of a Counterpoise to British This obtained through Burgoyne's Surrender The Surrender of Burgoyne traceable directly to the Naval Cam- paigns on Lake Champlain, 1775, 1776 The subsequent Course of the War in all Quarters of the world due The Strategic Problem of Lake Champlain familiar to Americans Consequent prompt Initiative by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold Energetic Pursuit of first Successes by Arnold. Complete Control of Lake Champlain thus secured Invasion of Canada by Montgomery, 1775 Arnold marches through Maine Wilderness and joins Montgomery End of the Naval Story of the Lakes Effect of the Campaign upon the Decisive Events of 1777 NAVAL ACTION AT BOSTON, CHARLESTON, NEW YORK, AND NARRAGANSETT BAY ASSOCI- The Howes, Admiral and General, arrive in New York Bay Operations about the City Continuous and Decisive, but Inconspicuous, Part played by the Washington withdraws his Army from the Brooklyn side Success of this Withdrawal due to British Negligence Subsequent Operations, and Retreat of Washington to New Jersey Retreat continued to Pennsylvania, where he receives reinforcements The British take possession of Narragansett Bay. Importance of Washington suddenly takes the Offensive. Battle of Trenton THE DECISIVE PERIOD OF THE WAR. SURREN- DER OF BURGOYNE AND CAPTURE OF PHILA- Slowness of his Progress at the beginning Sir William Howe, instead of coöperating, takes his Army to the Howe's Progress to Philadelphia, and Capture of that City Admiral Lord Howe takes the Fleet from the Chesapeake to the BRITAIN. BRITISH EVACUATE PHILADELPHIA. NAVAL OPERATIONS OF D'ESTAING AND HOWE ABOUT NEW YORK, NARRAGANSETT BAY, AND BOSTON. COMPLETE SUCCESS OF LORD HOWE. 60 Admiral Keppel puts to Sea with the British Channel Fleet First Guns of the War with France Escape of both Army and Fleet due to d'Estaing's Delays Rapid Action of Lord Howe D'Estaing Arrives off New York Howe's elaborate Dispositions for the Defence of New York Bay D'Estaing decides not to attempt Passage of the Bar, and puts to Sea Forces the Entrance to Newport and Anchors inside the Bay The British garrison besieged by superior American and French Howe appears with his Fleet and anchors off the entrance, at Point Howe returns to New York and collects his Fleet D'Estaing calls off Newport; but abandons the Siege finally, taking Critical Condition of British garrison in Newport. D'Estaing's Howe follows d'Estaing to Boston Discussion of the Conduct of the opposing Admirals Instructions given to the French Admiral The Disputes and Courts Martial in Great Britain arising from the OPERATIONS IN THE WEST INDIES, 1778-1779. THE BRITISH INVASION OF GEORGIA AND SOUTH Influence of Seasonal Conditions upon Naval Operations in America D'Estaing Sails with his Fleet from Boston for Martinique A British Squadron under Hotham sails the same day for Barbados, to Admiral Arbuthnot, Leeward Islands to Rodney British Operations in Georgia and South Carolina. Capture of |