Wears yet a precious jewel in his head;

And this our life exempt from public haunt
Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks,
Sermons in stones, and good in everything.

Ami. I would not change it. Happy is your grace
That can translate the stubbornness of fortune
Into so quiet and so sweet a style.

Duke sen. Come, shall we go and kill us venison?
And yet it irks me the poor dappled fools,
Being native burghers of this desert city,
Should in their own confines with forked heads
Have their round haunches gored.

First Lord.

15

20

Indeed, my lord, 25

The melancholy Jaques grieves at that,
And, in that kind, swears you do more usurp
Than doth your brother that hath banish'd you.

Given to Duke Upton and edd. 23. burghers] burgers 25. haunches gored] hanches goard F 1.

a combination of the ideas of the toadstone, and of the medicinal value of a certain bone of the toad's head. Wright quotes Pliny (Holland's translation, Bk. xxxvii. p. 625): "other stones which be called Batrachitae; the one in colour like to a frog." From King's Natural History of Gems and Decorative Stones, pp. 43-46, he also quotes the Speculum Lapidum of Camillo, as authority for the medieval belief in the value of a product of the toad's head; "He describes it by the names of Borax, Nosa, and Crapondinus, and as being found in the brains of a newly killed toad. There are two kinds, the white, which is the best, and the dark, with a bluish tinge with the figure of an eye upon it. If swallowed, it was a certain antidote against poison." Compare Lyly's Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 53): "The foule toade hath a fair stone in his head"; Jonson's Volpone, II. 3: "His saffron jewel with the toadstone in't." Steevens refers to Beaumont and Fletcher, Monsieur Thomas, III. i. (p. 356, ed. Dyce).

18. I would not change it] I have ventured to restore with Furness the folio ascription of this to Amiens. It seems as if the Duke were justifying his country pleasures, thinking perhaps that his followers found them irksome. Amiens, as spokesman, repudiates the idea, and answers definitely the question

asked in lines 1-3. But I restore this reading with diffidence, and against the majority of editors from Upton onwards. Čapell's remark in support of the original reading is to the point, that the Duke is ready enough to change his life when the time

comes.

22. irks] Wright quotes Palsgrave: "It yrketh me, I waxe weary, or displeasaunt of a thyng; Il me ennuyt.' Compare Spenser, Faerie Queene, IV. vii. 15: But what I was it irkes me to reherse."

23. burghers] Steevens' note, "In Sidney's Arcadia the deer are called the wild burgesses of the forest,' arises probably from a confusion of two passages in Bk. ii. p. 220, ed. 1598, where a shepherd, not the deer, is referred to as "free burgesse of the forrests." He quotes Drayton, Polyolbion, xviii. 1. 66 :—

"Where, feareless of the hunt, the Hart securely stood,

And everywhere walkt free, a Burgesse of the Wood."

24. forked heads] Cotgrave, whom probably Steevens had in mind, gives Fer de fleiche à oreilles, "A forked or barbed arrow-head." Ascham's Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 135) gives the contrary idea: "having ii. poyntes stretchyng forwarde, and this Englysh men do call a forke-head."

To-day my lord of Amiens and myself

Did steal behind him as he lay along
Under an oak, whose antique root peeps out
Upon the brook that brawls along this wood :
To the which place a poor sequester'd stag
That from the hunter's aim had ta'en a hurt,
Did come to languish; and indeed, my lord,

30

The wretched animal heaved forth such groans
That their discharge did stretch his leathern coat
Even to bursting, and the big round tears
Coursed one another down his innocent nose
In piteous chase; and thus the hairy fool
Much marked of the melancholy Jaques,
Stood on th' extremest verge of the swift brook,
Augmenting it with tears.

35

40

Duke sen.

But what said Jaques?

Did he not moralize this spectacle?

First Lord. O, yes, into a thousand similes.

First, for his weeping into the needless stream;

45

"Poor deer," quoth he, "thou mak'st a testament

As worldings do, giving thy sum of more

To that which had too much": then, being there alone,
Left and abandoned of his velvet friend,

50

"'Tis right," quoth he; "thus misery doth part

The flux of company”: anon a careless herd,

Full of the pasture, jumps along by him

And never stays to greet him; Ay," quoth Jaques,

'Tis just the fashion: wherefore do you look
Upon that poor and broken bankrupt there?"
Thus most invectively he pierceth through

55

45.

anticke Ff. root] roote F1; roope F 2; roop Ff 3, 4.
42. th' extremest] Ff; the extremest Hanmer.
46. into] in Pope. 49. much] Ff 2-4; must F1.
50. friend] friends Rowe. 55. greasy] greazie

31. antique] Pope; 34. ta'en] tane Ff. similes] similies Ff. there] F 1; omitted Ff2-4. Ff 1-3; grazy F 4.

38. tears] Malone quotes Drayton, Polyolbion, xiii. 1. 160:

"He who the Mourner is to his
owne dying Corse,
Upon the ruthlesse earthe his

precious teares lets fall,"
with its marginal note: "The Hart
weepeth at his dying: his teares are
held to be precious in medicine."

44. moralize] Wright quotes Cot

grave: "Moraliser. To morrallize, to expound morrally, to give a morrall sence unto." Compare also Harvey, Pierce's Supererogation, 1593, p. 18: "My leisure will scarcely serve to moralize Fables of Beares, Apes and Foxes."

46. into] It is not necessary to adopt Pope's change to "in." The line scans perfectly with trisyllabic substitution.

The body of the country, city, court,
Yea, and of this our life, swearing that we
Are mere usurpers, tyrants, and what's worse,
To fright the animals and to kill them up
In their assign'd and native dwelling-place.
Duke sen. And did you leave him in this contemplation?
Sec. Lord. We did, my lord, weeping and commenting
Upon the sobbing deer.

Duke sen.
Show me the place:
I love to cope him in these sullen fits,
For then he's full of matter.

First Lord.

I'll bring you to him straight.

SCENE II-A room in the palace.

Enter DUKE FREDERICK, with Lords.

Duke F. Can it be possible that no man saw them?

It cannot be some villains of my court

:

Are of consent and sufferance in this.

First Lord. I cannot hear of any that did see her.
The ladies, her attendants of her chamber,
Saw her abed, and in the morning early

60

65

[Exeunt.

They found the bed untreasured of their mistress. Sec. Lord. My lord, the roynish clown, at whom so oft

59. of the] Ff 2-4; of F 1. Lord] 2. Lord Ff; Ami. Capell. Ff 3, 4. straight] strait Ff.

5

60. of this] Ff 1, 2; this Ff 3, 4. 65. Sec. 68. First Lord] 1. Lor. Ff 1, 2; 2. Lor.

SCENE II.

A room...
• palace] Capell; The Palace Rowe.
coping with the prince in the darke
and rudely thrusting him back" (New
Eng. Dict.).

SCENE II.] Scena Secunda Ff. 59. the country] Malone, defending the First Folio omission of "the," scans "country" as a trisyllable.

62. kill them up] For this intensive use of "up" compare Jonson, Every Man Out of His Humour, 1. i:—

"A wholesome and penurious dearth Purges the soil of such vile excrements,

And kills the vipers up," and Adlington's Apuleius, The Golden Asse, 1582, p. 159: "Killed up with colde." Vide Schmidt, s.v.

67. cope] encounter. Compare Troilus and Cressida, 1. ii. 34: "They say he yesterday coped Hector in the battle and struck him down "; and Greneway's translation of Tacitus (1598), XIII. vi.: "One Iulius Montanus. . . by chance,

68. matter] hardly good or sound sense here, but rather material for amusement. Compare post, III. iii. 28: "A material fool."

SCENE II.

3. consent and sufferance] A legal term "applied to a landlord who takes no steps to eject a tenant whose time is expired" (Moberly).

8. roynish] Fr. rogneux, scurvy; hence coarse, rude. Various forms are found. Halliwell quotes Tusser, Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry: "the roynish nothing nice." Chaucer

Your grace was wont to laugh, is also missing.
Hisperia, the princess' gentlewoman,
Confesses that she secretly o'erheard

Your daughter and her cousin much commend
The parts and graces of the wrestler

That did but lately foil the sinewy Charles;
And she believes, wherever they are gone,
The youth is surely in their company.

Duke F. Send to his brother; fetch that gallant hither;
If he be absent, bring his brother to me:
I'll make him find him: do this suddenly,
And let not search and inquisition quail
To bring again these foolish runaways.

SCENE III.-Before Oliver's house.
Enter ORLANDO and ADAM, meeting.

Orl. Who's there?

ΙΟ

15

20

[Exeunt.

Adam. What, my young master? O my gentle master!
O my sweet master! O you memory

Of old Sir Rowland! why, what make you here?
Why are you virtuous? why do people love you?
And wherefore are you gentle, strong, and valiant?
Why should you be so fond to overcome
The bonny priser of the humorous duke?

14. sinewy] synowie Ff.
19. suddenly] sodainly Ff.

10. Hisperia] Ff; Hesperia Warburton. brother] brother's Capell. Lloyd conj.

SCENE III.

5

17.

20. quail] fail

SCENE III.] Scena Tertia Ff. omitted Ff. 8. bonny] Ff 2-4; has "roinous" (Romaunt of the Rose, 988), "roignous" (ib. 6190). The rump-fed ronyon of Macbeth, 1. iii. 6, is probably cognate.

10. princess'] Compare 1. ii. 153 ante. 17. brother] Capell's emendation is attractive, since that gallant" obviously refers to Orlando.

19. suddenly] immediately, as in Psalm vi. 10 (A.V.): "Let them return and be ashamed suddenly."

20. quail] slacken. Capell quotes Holinshed, ii. p. 859, ed. 1577: "Thus all the King's exploytes by one meanes or other quailed and came but to evill

successe.

SCENE III.

3. memory] memorial. Compare King Lear, iv. vii. 7: "These weeds

are memories of those worser hours." Malone quotes Stow, A Survay of London, 1618: "A printed memorie hanging up in a table at the entrance into the church door." Compare also Book of Common Prayer, Communion Service, 1548-9: "to celebrate a perpetuall memory of that his precious death."

7. so fond to] Compare 1. iii. 61 for omission of " as.' "Fond" is from M.E. "fon," a fool. Compare Chaucer, Reves Tale, 4087. The form "fonned " is found in the Wicliffite Versions, Corinthians i. 20: "Whether God hath not maad the wisdom of this world fonned?

8. bonny] physically fine, as now in Northern England. Compare 2 Henry VI. v. ii. 12: "the bonny beast he

Your praise is come too swiftly home before you.
Know you not, master, to some kind of men
Their graces serve them but as enemies?

No more do yours: your virtues, gentle master,
Are sanctified and holy traitors to you.

O what a world is this, when what is comely
Envenoms him that bears it!

Orl. Why, what's the matter?
Adam.

O unhappy youth!
Come not within these doors; within this roof
The enemy of all your graces lives:

Your brother-no, no brother; yet the son—
Yet not the son, I will not call him son

ΙΟ

15

20

To burn the lodging where you use to lie

Of him I was about to call his father

Hath heard your praises, and this night he means

And you within it: if he fail of that,

He will have other means to cut you off.

25

I overheard him and his practices.

This is no place; this house is but a butchery:
Abhor it, fear it, do not enter it.

Orl. Why, whither, Adam, wouldst thou have me go?
Adam. No matter whither, so you come not here.
Orl. What, wouldst thou have me go and beg my food?
Or with a base and boist'rous sword enforce

A thievish living on the common road?
This I must do, or know not what to do:
Yet this I will not do, do how I can;

10. Some] Ff 2-4; seeme F 1. 16. Orl.] omitted F 1.

30

35

17. within this]

beneath this Capeil conj. 29. wouldst] would'st Ff 1-3; would F 4. 30. so] F 1; for Ff 2-4.

loved so well," and Hooker, Sermons, VII. iii. (1600), p. 878: "Issachar, though bonny and strong enough_unto any labours, doth couch" (New Eng. Dict.).

8. priser] a competitor for a prize. The word occurs frequently in Jonson. Compare Cynthia's Revels, V. ii. (Cunningham's Gifford's ed., p. 186a): "Your prizer is not ready, Amorphus." 8. humorous] Compare 1. ii. 252 ante. 26. practices] plots, underhand work. Compare Spenser, Faerie Queene, 1. xii. 34:

"the practike paine Of this false footman, clokt with simplenesse," and ante, I. i. 141.

27. place] M. Mason quotes Fletcher, Mad Lover, 1. ii. :—

"Memnon. Why were there not

such women in the camp then
Prepared to make me know 'em
Eumenes. 'Twas no place, sir."
to support the idea of "This is no place
for you." "Place" as meaning house,
residence, is awkward in the light of
the following "this house"; though
the meaning is commonly found.

27. butchery] a shambles. New Eng.
Dict. quotes Golding, De Mornay,
1587, xxxi. 501: "What shall all
Hierusalem be but a very Slaughter-
house and Butcherie?"