agriculture and justice, one for private reasons, and the others in consequence of resolutions of censure passed by the Diet. On June 5 the session of the Diet closed, the House of Representatives having passed all the naval expansion and financial measures except the proposed expenditure for Formosa railways.

AFRICA. — In the Cape Colony the chief interest centered in the session of Parliament, which lasted from June until September. The chief object of the session was to ratify the intercolonial customs convention which had been concluded at Bloemfontein (last RECORD, p. 382), and to provide for the construction of several new lines of railway. After a long debate, the customs convention was approved by the casting votes of the presiding officers of the two houses. The labor question continues to be a leading topic of discussion in the Cape Colony as elsewhere in South Africa, the blacks refusing to return to work in the mines, while the hostility to imported Asiatic labor adds to the seriousness of the situation. As to its finances the condition of the Cape government has been favorable. The railways have yielded three per cent over and above the interest on the cost, and the treasury statement at the end of the fiscal year showed a surplus of over one million pounds. The chief event of political interest in the Transvaal was the opening at Pretoria on May 20 of the first Transvaal Parliament by Sir Arthur Lawley, the lieutenant-governor. In his opening speech the lieutenant-governor foreshadowed important measures for local selfgovernment, and heavy expenditure in the extension of railroads and other public works, and promised, so far as possible, to meet local sentiment in regard to education. Provision, he said, would be made for teaching the Dutch language, in accordance with the letter and spirit of the peace terms, and a general system of free elementary education would be provided. The first and one of the foremost questions before the new Parliament was the determination of the municipal suffrage, and the preparation of a scheme of local government. — In the Orange River Colony the council passed an ordinance providing a war contribution of £5,000,000 from the revenues arising from minerals and precious stones, and adopted measures relating to the customs, education, revision of the municipal law, and vaccination. The finances of the colony have been in a favorable condition, the budgetary statement showing a surplus of £100,000, while foreign trade has nearly doubled. — The revolt against the Sultan of Morocco (last RECORD, p. 383) has increased in strength, the pretender having defeated the sultan's army in an important engagement, June 16. Following this victory, the Spanish premier announced that Spain and France had formed an alliance to protect the integrity of Morocco.

LATIN AMERICA. — Under this head, the leading event was the Secession of Panama from the United States of Colombia in November, in consequence of the dissatisfaction occasioned by the rejection of

the Isthmian Canal treaty (see FOREIGN RELATIONS). The revolution broke out in the town of Panama on November 3, and was from the first a bloodless affair. The revolutionists seized the Colombian military and naval officials, set up a provisional government, and proclaimed the independence of the republic of Panama. The government of the United States promptly recognized the provisional organization as the de facto government, and shortly thereafter recognized the independence of the new republic by receiving its minister. The government of Colombia protested against this action, as well as the landing of marines at Panama, and without making notable effort to suppress the revolution, dispatched commissioners to Panama to arrange terms of peace. In Venezuela the rebellion against President Castro (last RECORD, p. 383) has continued without definite result, the only incident of note being the capture in July by Castro's troops of Cuidad Bolivar. The adjudication of the claims of the powers against Venezuela has made notable progress. The mixed commissions in several instances have already made their awards. For the settlement of the claim of preferential treatment for the allied powers (England, Germany, and Italy), the Czar of Russia was requested by the governments concerned, to select three members of the Hague Tribunal of Arbitration. His selections were, the Russian minister of justice, M. Mouravieff, Prof. Lammasch of Austria, and Prof. Martens of Russia. The Tribunal met at The Hague, October 1, and after hearing the arguments of counsel for the various parties, took the case under advisement November 13. — In Chili the chief political event was a cabinet crisis in August, caused by the demand for financial reform. The domestic tranquillity was disturbed by labor strikes at Valparaiso, in conseqence of which a part of the South Atlantic squadron was dispatched to that point in June, to protect the interests of the United States. - An incident of considerable importance was the conclusion in November, of a treaty between Brazil and Bolivia for the settlement of the Acre boundary dispute (last RECORD, p. 384), which has been in existence since 1889 and which several times threatened to involve the two countries in war. - In Haiti a prolonged conflict between the President and the Chambers arose in July, over the discovery of extensive frauds in the issue of government securities. The affair resulted in a cabinet crisis, a proclamation of a state of siege in Port au Prince, and the calling out of the national guard.

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.

JAMES WILFORD GARNER.

POLITICAL SCIENCE

QUARTERLY

J. W. BURGESS: - Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law (2 vols.), Boston and London, GINN & COMPANY, 1890-1891. The Middle Period, 1817-1858; The Civil War and the Constitution, 1859-1865 (2 vols.); Reconstruction and the Constitution, 1866-1877;-American History Series, New York, CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 1897, 1901, 1902.

RICHMOND MAYO-SMITH:-Emigration and Immigration, New York, CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 1890. Statistics and Sociology; Statistics and Economics;Columbia University Press (Macmillan), 1895, 1899.

MUNROE SMITH:— Bismarck, Columbia University Press (MACMILLAN), 1899. FRANK J. GOODNOW: - Comparative Administrative Law (2 vols.), New York, G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, 1893; one-volume edition, 1902. Municipal Home Rule, Columbia University Press (MACMILLAN), 1895. Municipal Problems, Columbia University Press (MACMILLAN), 1897. Politics and Administration, New York, THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 1900.

EDWIN R. A. SELIGMAN:- Railway Tariffs and the Interstate Commerce Act,
Boston, GINN & COMPANY, 1888. The Shifting and Incidence of Taxation, Second
Edition, Columbia University Press (MACMILLAN), 1899. Progressive Taxation in
Theory and Practice, New York, THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 1894. Essays in
Taxation, New York, THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 1895; Third Edition, 1901. The
Economic Interpretation of History, Columbia University Press (MACMILLAN), 1902.
HERBERT L. OSGOOD:- Archives and Public Records of New York, published by
THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, Washington, 1901.

WILLIAM A. DUNNING:-Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction, New York,
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 1898. A History of Political Theories, Ancient and
Medieval, New York, THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 1902.
JOHN BASSETT MOORE:-Extraterritorial Crime, Washington, published by the
Government, 1887. Extradition and Interstate Rendition (2 vols.), Boston, THE
BOSTON BOOK COMPANY, 1891. American Notes on Conflict of Laws (accompany-
ing Dicey's "Conflict of Laws "), Boston, THE BOSTON BOOK COMPANY, 1895. History
and Digest of International Arbitrations (6 vols.), Washington, published by the
Government, 1898.

FRANKLIN H. GIDDINGS:- The Modern Distributive Process (in collaboration with
J. B. Clark), Boston, GINN & COMPANY, 1888. The Theory of Sociology, Philadelphia,
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, 1894. The Principles
of Sociology, New York, THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 1896; Seventh Edition, 1902.
The Theory of Socialization, New York, THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 1897. Elements
of Sociology, New York, THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 1898. Democracy and Empire,
New York, THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 1900; Second Edition, 1901. Inductive
Sociology, New York, THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 1901.

JOHN B. CLARK:- The Philosophy of Wealth, Boston, GINN & COMPANY, 1886; Second Edition, 1887. The Modern Distributive Process (in collaboration with F. H. Giddings), Boston, GINN & COMPANY, 1888. The Distribution of Wealth, New York, THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 1899. The Control of Trusts, New York, THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 1901.

JAMES HARVEY ROBINSON:- Petrarch, the First Modern Scholar and Man of Letters (in collaboration with H. W. Rolfe), New York, G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, 1898. The History of Western Europe, Boston, GINN & COMPANY, 1902.

WILLIAM M. SLOANE:-The French War and the Revolution, American History Series, New York, CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 1893. The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte (3 vols.), New York, THE CENTURY COMPANY, 1896. The French Revolution and Religious Reform, New York, CHARLES SCRIBNER's Sons, 1901.

A Review devoted to the historical, statistical and comparative study of politics, economics and public law.

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