(c) ASSISTANCE FOR HEALTH AND DISEASE PREVENTION. (1) 19 In order to contribute to improvements in the health of the greatest number of poor people in developing countries, the President is authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for health programs. Assistance under this subsection shall be used primarily for basic integrated health services, safe water and sanitation, disease prevention and control, and related health planning and research. The assistance shall emphasize self-sustaining community-based health programs by means such as training of health auxiliary and other appropriate personnel, support for the establishment and evaluation of projects that can be replicated on a broader scale, measures to improve management of health programs, and other services and suppliers to support health and disease prevention programs.

(2) 19 (A) In carrying out the purposes of this subsection, the President shall promote, encourage, and undertake activities designed to deal directly with the special health needs of children and mothers. Such activities should utilize simple, available technologies which can significantly reduce childhood mortality, such as improved and expanded immunization programs, oral rehydration to combat diarrhoeal diseases, and education programs aimed at improving nutrition and sanitation and at promoting child spacing. In carrying out this paragraph, guidance shall be sought from knowledgeable health professionals from outside the agency primarily responsible for administering this part. In addition to govprument to government programs, activities pursuant to this paragraph should include support for appropriate activities of the types described in this paragraph which are carried out by international organizations (which may include international organizations receiving funds under chapter 3 of this part) and by private and voluntary organizations, and should include encouragement to other donors to support such types of activities.

(11) * In addition to amounts otherwise available for such purpose, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President 4,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and $75,000,000 for fiscal year 1987 Ru was in carrying out this paragraph. Amounts appropriated under this subparagraph are authorized to remain available until འག།དབས་་་་ང༥། ། ཕ་

prçagraph dogmation "CD" and a new par. (2) were added by sec. 541(a) of the Foreign quid in a Ajguyubation Act, 1980, as contained in the Continuing Appropriations Act, 1985 Paddle Caw 92 176. This amendment had been included as sec. 303 of HR 5119, the Internawe de vuity and Development Cooperation Act of 1984, as passed by the House on May 10, Thi) cotas tod 200, 308 of 8K 5119.

A.

101 d thu futernational Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public 95 $135 $640 10 replaced an authorization figure of "$25.000.000" with "$25,000,000 for 1950 and $20,000,000 for tacal year 1987 Section 103(b) of Public Law 99-529 (100 3610) ceydaved the 300,000,000 authorization for fiscal year 1987 with an authorization of

At Corporran del uut enact an authorization for fiscal year 1993. Instead, the Foreign Operattaci Report Financing, and Nolated Programs Appropriations Act, 1993 (Public Law 102-391), 21 Het requirunt for authoruation, and title II of that Act (106 Stat. 1639) provided the

"CHILD SURVIVAL AND EDUCATION

The Hoole aga egulated under the beadings in this title under 'Agency for International
Continued

(C) Appropriations pursuant to subparagraph (B) may be referred to as the "Child Survival Fund."

(3) 22 The Congress recognizes that the promotion of primary health care is a major objective of the foreign assistance program. The Congress further recognizes that simple, relatively low-cost means already exist to reduce incidence of communicable diseases among children, mothers, and infants. The promotion of vaccines for immunization, and salts for oral rehydration, therefore, is an essential feature of the health assistance program. To this end, the Congress expects the agency primarily responsible for administering this part to set as a goal the protection of not less than 80 percent of all children, in those countries in which such agency has established development programs, from immunizable diseases by January 1, 1991. Of the aggregate amounts made available for fiscal year 1987 to carry out paragraph (2) of this subsection (relating to the Child Survival Fund) and to carry out subsection (c) (relating to development assistance for health), $50,000,000 shall be used to carry out this paragraph.

(d) INTEGRATION OF ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS. (1) Assistance under this chapter shall be administered so as to give particular attention to the interrelationship between (A) population growth, and (B) development and overall improvement in living standards in developing countries, and to the impact of all programs, projects, and activities on population growth. All appropriate activities proposed for financing under this chapter shall be designed to build motivation for smaller families through modification of economic and social conditions supportive of the desire for large families, in programs such as education in and out of school, nutrition, disease control, maternal and child health services, improvements in the status and employment of women, agricultural production, rural development, and assistance to the urban poor, and through community-based development programs which give recognition to people motivated to limit the size of their families.23 Population planning programs shall be coordinated with other programs aimed at reducing the infant mortality rate, providing better nutrition for pregnant women and infants, and raising the standard of living of the poor.

(2) Since the problems of malnutrition, disease, and rapid population growth are closely related, planning for assistance to be provided under subsections (b) and (c) of this section and under section 103 shall be coordinated to the maximum extent practicable.

"(1) not less than a total of $275,000,000 shall be made available for programs in support of child survival activities: Provided, That such activities may include any assistance provided to meet the special needs of displaced children; and

"(2) not less than a total of $135,000,000 shall be made available for programs in support of basic education activities, including early childhood education, primary and secondary education, teacher training, and literacy training for adults.".

See also paragraphs on "Humanitarian Assistance for Romania", "Assistance for Displaced Children", "Humanitarian Assistance for Cambodian Children", 'Assistance for Victims of War".

22 Par. (3) was added by sec. 305 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 190). Sec. 305(b) of the act provides that: "Each annual report required by section 634 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 shall describe the progress achieved during the preceding fiscal year in carrying out section 104(c)(3) of such Act.". The last sentence of paragraph (3) was added by sec. 103(a) of Public Law 99-529 (100 Stat. 3010).

23 The reference to community-based development programs was added by sec. 102(b) of the International Development Cooperation Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-53; 93 Stat. 360).

(3) Assistance provided under this section shall emphasize lowcost integrated delivery systems for health, nutrition, and family planning for the poorest people, with particular attention to the needs of mothers and young children, using paramedical and auxiliary medical personnel, clinics and health posts, commercial distribution systems, and other modes of community outreach.

(e) RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS. (1) Health and population research and analysis carried out under this Act shall

(A) be undertaken to the maximum extent practicable in developing countries by developing country personnel, linked as appropriate with private and governmental biomedical research facilities within the United States;

(B) take account of the special needs of the poor people of developing countries in the determination of research priorities; and

(C) make extensive use of field testing to adapt basic research to local conditions.

(2) The President is authorized to study the complex factors affecting population growth in developing countries and to identify factors which might motivate people to plan family size or to space their children.

(1) PROHIBITION ON USE OF FUNDS FOR ABORTIONS AND INVOLUNTARY STERILIZATIONS.—(1) None of the funds made available to carry out this part may be used to pay for the performance of abortions as a method of family planning or to motivate or coerce any person to practice abortions.

65 None of the funds made available to carry out this part may be used to pay for the performance of involuntary sterilizations as a method of family planning or to coerce or provide any financial incentive to any person to undergo sterilizations.

(3) None of the funds made available to carry out this part may be used to pay for any biomedical research which relates, in whole or in part, to methods of, or the performance of, abortions or involuntary sterilization as a means of family planning.

() AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS-1) There are authorised to be appropriated to the President, in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes

(A) $290,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and $290,000,000 for fiscal year 1987 to carry out subsection (b) of this section; and

D $205,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and $180,000,000 for fecal year 1987 to carry out subsection (c) of this section. C9 Funds appropriated under this subsection are authorized to Fomain available until expended. 25

* 14 at the Mumun Operations Doort Financing, and Related Programs AppropriaPhoo Au pod (Public Law 10 1 106 Sat 19 made a similar prohibition; see page 624. Fuad autoes (2) was added by soc $25 of the International Security and Development Frego puthur Ace at DANT (Public Law 97 118 $6 Stat 1ac

Ho authoutation over flow very 1988 and 1987 to carry out subsecs. (b) and (c) subbul to ape AM at the tuterine Scungy and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 de Taw do 4 H NAT DAL Nequency se 404 of Public Law 99-529 100 Stat. 3341) pherd door author for so with an authorization of $180,000,000. Auaboutbou under anders ibu HWXW Year's ak Sex year 1975-$15,000,000, fiscal year Food Baal RG HAS O000 fiscal year 1981-£800.000, fiscal year Toddood Recal war MK SCAM fxx' year 1984 £4.500.000, fiscal year Took me autoteation Bacal year 1988 aston, fox year 1988 no authorization; Continued

Sec. 105.26 Education and Human Resources Development.(a) 27 In order to reduce illiteracy, to extend basic education, and to increase manpower training in skills related to development, the President is authorized to furnish assistance on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for education, public administration, and human resource development. There are authorized to be appropriated to the President for the purposes of this section, in addition to funds otherwise otherwise available for such purposes, $180,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and $180,000,000 for fiscal year 1987, which are authorized to remain available until expended. 21. 28

fiscal year 1990-—no authorization; fiscal year 1991-no authorization; fiscal year 1992-no authorization. Authorizations under subsec. (c) in recent years include: fiscal year 1978$107,700,000; fiscal year 1979 $148,494,000; fiscal year 1980-$141,000,000; fiscal year 1981$145,300,000; fiscal year 1982 $133,405,000; fiscal year 1983 $133,405,000 (of the 1982 and 1983 subsec. (c) authorizations, not less than 16 percent or $38,000,000 whichever amount is less was made available for United Nations Fund for Population Activities); fiscal year 1984$133,404,000; fiscal year 1985-no authorization; fiscal year 1988-no authorization; fiscal year 1989-no authorization; fiscal year 1990-no authorization; fiscal year 1991-no authorization; fiscal year 1992-no authorization.

Congress did not enact an authorization for fiscal year 1993. Instead, the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1993 (Public Law 102-391), waived the requirement for authorization, and title II of that Act (106 Stat. 1639) provided the following:

"POPULATION, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE

"For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of section 104(b), $350,000,000: Provided, That none of the funds made available in this Act nor any unobligated balances from prior appropriations may be made available to any organization or program which, as determined by the President of the United States, supports or participates in the management of a program of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization: Provided further, That none of the funds made available under this heading may be used to pay for the performance of abortion as a method of family planning or to motivate or coerce any person to practice abortions; and that in order to reduce reliance on abortion in developing nations, funds shall be available only to voluntary family planning projects which offer, either directly or through referral to, or information about access to, a broad range of family planning methods and services: Provided further, That in awarding grants for natural family planning under section 104 of the Foreign Assistance Act no applicant shall be discriminated against because of such applicant's religious or conscientious commitment to offer only natural family planning; and, additionally, all such applicants shall comply with the requirements of the previous proviso: Provided further, That nothing in this subsection shall be construed to alter any existing statutory prohibitions against abortion under section 104 of the Foreign Assistance Act: Provided further, That of the funds appropriated under this heading, not less than 65 per centum shall be made available for the Office of Population of the Agency for International Development: Provided further, That the Agency for International Development shall submit a report to the Committees on Appropriations no later than March 1, 1993 setting forth the agency's strategy for having a global impact on the international population problem: Provided further, That as part of its annual Congressional Presentation Document for fiscal year 1994, the Agency for International Development shall separately include an agency-wide budget for family planning programs for which development assistance funds are requested for that fiscal year: Provided further, That funds appropriated under this heading for family planning purposes shall not be reduced by a proportion greater than the Development Assistance Fund in order to comply with requirements to provide assistance from funds appropriated to carry out chapter 1 of part I or to carry out part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961: Provided further, That in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, of the funds appropriated under this heading $800,000 only shall be used for the administration and planning of family planning assistance programs in addition to operating expense funds otherwise allocated for such office.".

26 22 U.S.C. 2151c. Sec. 105 was added by sec. 2(3) of the FA Act of 1973.

27 Sec. 305 of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849) added subsection designation "(a)" and new subsecs. (b) and (c).

28 The authorization figures for fiscal years 1986 and 1987 were added by sec. 306 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 190). Authorizations for recent years include fiscal year 1975 $92,000,000; fiscal year 1976$89,200,000; fiscal year 1977-$101,800,000; fiscal year 1978 $84,900,000; fiscal year 1979$126,244,000; fiscal year 1980 $105,000,000; fiscal year 1981-$101,000,000; fiscal year 1982$103,600,000; fiscal year 1983-$103,600,000; fiscal year 1984 $121,477,000; fiscal year 1985-no authorization; fiscal year 1988-no authorization; fiscal year 1989-no authorization; fiscal year 1990-no authorization; fiscal year 1991-no authorization; fiscal year 1992-no authorization; fiscal year 1993-no authorization.

marly to expand and strengthen rooformal echtance methods, especially those desumed to improve productive sells of rural famition to increase the relevance if formal education systems to the off curricula teaching materas and aching methods, and imbilines of instances which enacie the poor to participate in devel

such disciplines as are required for planning and implementation of public and private development activities

Repealed-17

Sec. 106.12 Energy. Private Voluntary Organizations, and Selected Development Activities—204A 14 The Congress finds that

South Africa. The selection of social scien's stal de 25 i naturvite panel or by region

Of the amounts authorized to be consorated to out this section and chapter 4 of

Of the amounts authorized a be approrated toy out this sector and chapter 4 of

This sentence was acced by sec. Lab of the hernacional Development Cooperation Act of

1979 Public Law 36–53. $3 Stat 360

**22 USC 2514. Sec. 16, as acced by Pubice Law 34–151 $8 Stat. 89), was amended by

sec. 104 of the International Development Cooperation Act of 1979. Puone Law 96–53, 38 Stat. 38, by redesignating subsecs, a and b, as 2 and d and ov adding new subsecs a and b Sec. 304 a of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 18 Public Law 946–533. 94 Star 3146 substituted the Current section heating `n xu à Technical Assistance, Energy Research. Reconstruction, and Selected Development AIVDES A prior version of sec. 106 acced in 1973 by Phone Law 83–189 had £80 been "epealed by Public Law 14-181 See also the Energy Policy Act of 1990 Public Law 122406, 16 Stat 25, particularly title

sec. L.

33 Sec. 304 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 Publie

Law 96-533, 34 Stat. 3146 redesignated pars. 1. 2. 3, and 4 of subsec. a is subpars. A. B1

Continued