UNDERGRADUATE PRIZE EXAMINATION PAPERS.

Hilary Term, 1867.

SENIOR SOPHISTERS.

Ethics.

DR. MALET.

1. What is the object of settled Resentment? From what general fact does this appear?

2. What two apparent exceptions are there to this? how removed? 3. Of what mistake and inconsistency is Stewart guilty respecting this affection?

4. What description of the moral faculty does Butler adopt from Epictetus; and what various proofs does he adduce of the existence of such a faculty?

5. What doubt might exist as to its proper nature and office; and how does Butler decide this?

6. What are the proper objects of this faculty? has it reference merely to the consequences of actions in a future state?

7. Show, at some length, the unlawfulness of Revenge.

8. What mistake might occur about the precept to love our enemies; and what is the true sense in which it is to be taken ?

9. How does Self-deceit partake of the general characters of Vice? 10. Three causes combine to darken the understanding, one of which might produce opposite effects?

MR. BARLOW.

1. Write out an analysis of Butler's second Sermon upon Human Nature.

2.

"Hence arises that surprising confusion and perplexity in the Epicureans of old, Hobb's, the author of Reflections, Sentences, et Maximes Morales, and this whole set of writers." Write a note on this sentence.

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3. Give the substance of Butler's comments on the common observation that "the first thought is often the best."

4. Can you give any ethical instances of the Idola Theatri ?

5. What instances does Butler give of the danger of over-great refinements upon the subject of morals? with what qualification does he assert that the extravagances of enthusiasm and superstition must be owing to going beside or beyond the road of common sense?

6. "Has not man dispositions and principles within, which lead him to do evil to others, as well as to do good?" how does Butler dispose of this difficulty?

7. How does he prove that self-love, though confined to the interests of the present world, does in general perfectly coincide with virtue, and leads to one and the same course of life?

8. Whence does it appear that, in point of virtue, we have much greater latitude in speaking well, than ill, of others?

MR. MAHAFFY.

1. Sketch the account of Plato's theory of Virtue in the Republic. It agrees in the main with Bishop Butler?

2. What did Hutcheson mean by a Moral Sense? Give Adam Smith's and Stewart's criticisms of his theory.

3. Adam Smith and Stewart give analyses of our state of mind when we approve or disapprove an action? State them, and discuss their relative merits.

4. State Stewart's objection to the theory that Moral Obligation is founded entirely on our belief that Virtue is enjoined by the command of God.

5. Enumerate the arguments for the Immortality of the Soul.

6. Enumerate the examples given by Aristotle that virtues are mean states.

7. Discuss the meaning and mutual relations of the terms dúvapis, ἐνεργεία, ἕξις; also ἀκόλαστος, ἐγκρατής, σώφρων, ἀκρατὴς. Illustrate them by some examples. What assumption is there in Aristotle's theory as to the former group?

8. Contrast ancient and modern Ethics.

Classics.

ARISTOTLE.

MR. FERRAR.

Translate the following passages into English :

I. Beginning, Δόξειε δ ̓ ἂν ἀκόλουθον εἶναι καὶ περὶ, κ. τ. λ.
Ending, θεωρῆσαι καὶ δαπανῆσαι μεγάλα ἐμμελῶς.

Nich. Eth., lib. iv. c. 4.

2. Beginning, "Οθεν καὶ ἀπορεῖται πότερόν ἐστι μαθητὸν, κ. τ. λ. Ending, τύχη λίαν πλημμελὲς ἂν εἴη.

Ibid., lib. i. c. 10.

Ibid., lib. iii. c. 13.

3. Beginning, Μετὰ δὲ ταύτην περὶ σωφροσύνης λέγωμεν· κ. τ. λ. Ending, λυπουμένους ἐπὶ χρήμασιν ἢ φίλοις.

4. Beginning, Δεήσει δὲ καὶ τῆς ἐκτὸς εὐημερίας, κ. τ. λ. Ending, ἐνδέχεται γὰρ μέτρια κεκτημένους πράττειν ἃ δεῖ.

Ibid., lib. x. c. 9.

1. Compare the Peripatetic and Stoic systems of Philosophy. 2. Enumerate the works of Aristotle.

3. What is Aristotle's definition of Virtue, and how does he arrive at it ?

4. What are the exact significations of the words, vous, apxn, μεσότης ?

5. How does ἕξις differ from ἔθος ?

6. Give some account of the systems of philosophy that existed in Greece before the time of Socrates.

7. Compare the terminations of the Latin cases with those of the Greek, and show how both may be deduced from the same original.

CICERO.

Ꮇ Ꭱ . GRAY.

Translate the following passages into English :

1. Beginning, Prima est enim conciliatio hominis ad ea,.. Ending, quasi seligendum, non expetendum.

De Fin., lib. iii. c. 6.

2. Beginning, Uno autem modo in virtute sola summum bonum.. Ending, ut dixi, magnumque prælium.

Ibid., lib. iv. c. 12.

3. Beginning, Itaque et sensibus probanda multa sunt;..... Ending, longeque aliter se habere, ac sensibus videantur.

4. Beginning, Etenim quis hoc non videt,. Ending, eo contentæ non quærunt amplius.

Acad., lib. ii. c. 31.

Tusc. Disp., lib. v. c. 34.

5. Beginning, Quæ cum intuerer stupens, ut me recepi, Ending, ejusque radiis acies vestra sensusque vincitur.

Somnium Scip., c. 5.

MR. ABBOTT.

Translate the following passage into Greek Prose:

Beginning, Atticus. Lucus quidem ille, et hæc Arpinatium...
Ending, quam Marianam quercum vocent.

CICERO, De Leg., lib. i. c. 1.

Translate the following passage into Greek Verse:

Belarius. Look, here he comes,

And brings the dire occasion in his arms,
Of what we blame him for!

Arviragus The bird is dead,

That we have made so much on. I had rather
Have skipp'd from sixteen years of age to sixty,
To have turn'd my leaping time into a crutch,
Than have seen this.

Guiderius. O sweetest, fairest lily!

My brother wears thee not the one-half so well,
As when thou grew'st thyself.

Bel. O melancholy!

Who ever yet could sound thy bottom? find

The ooze, to show what coast thy sluggish crare

Might easiliest harbour in ?-Thou blessed thing!

Jove knows what man thou mightst have made; but I,

Thou diedst, a most rare boy, of melancholy !—

How found you him?

Arv. Stark, as you see:

Thus smiling, as some fly had tickled slumber,

Not as death's dart, being laugh'd at: his right cheek
Reposing on a cushion.

SHAKSPEARE.

Translate the following passage into Latin Lyric Verse :

There is a tear for all that die,

A mourner o'er the humblest grave;

But nations swell the funeral cry,
And Triumph weeps above the brave.

:

For them is Sorrow's purest sigh

O'er Ocean's heaving bosom sent:
In vain their bones unburied lie,
All earth becomes their monument!
A tomb is theirs on every page,
An epitaph on every tongue :
The present hours, the future age,
For them bewail, to them belong.

For them the voice of festal mirth

Grows hush'd, their name the only sound;
While deep Remembrance pours to Worth
The goblet's tributary round.

A theme to crowds that knew them not,
Lamented by admiring foes,

Who would not share their glorious lot;
Who would not die the death they chose?

BYRON.

But though the golden age (before vain ambition, and " amor sceleratus habendi," evil concupiscence, had corrupted men's minds into a mistake of true power and honour) had more virtue, and consequently better governors, as well as less vicious subjects; and there was then no stretching prerogative on the one side, to oppress the people; nor consequently on the other, any dispute about privilege, to lessen or restrain the power of the magistrate; and so no contest betwixt rulers and people about governors or government: yet when ambition and luxury in future ages would retain and increase the power, without doing the business for which it was given; and, aided by flattery, taught princes to have distinct and separate interests from their people; men found it necessary to examine more carefully the original and rights of government, and to find out ways to restrain the exorbitancies, and prevent the abuses of that power, which they having entrusted in another's hands only for their own good, they found was made use of to hurt them.-LOCKE.

Experimental Physics.

DR. APJOHN.

CHEMISTRY.

1. Nitric oxide may be obtained by adding a little nitre to a solution of protochloride of iron, and boiling with hydrochloric acid; what is the reaction?

2. How would you develope ammonia from sal ammoniæ, resolve it into its constituent gases, and make the analysis of the mixture of these by the voltaic eudiometer?