16. What are the different reactions by means of which the compound alcoholic ammonias may be prepared? and how may ethylia, diethylia, triethylia, be separated by means of oxalic ether? How is hydrated tetrethylium oxide obtained?

17. Write down the reactions in consequence of which aniline is obtained from isatin and nitro-benzol. State also the constitution of the different aniline dyes.

18. Give the names of the hydrocarbons which form the aromatic group. How is it proved that they are methylated derivatives of benzol ? Mention some of their principal derivatives.

19. The double cyanides of the metals are of two classes; explain their difference, and give an instance where this difference is made use of in analysis to effect the separation of the metals.

20. Classify the more important varieties of the saccharine group of bodies under the heads of sucroses, glucoses, amyloses; and state their chief physical and chemical differences.

DR. HAUGHTON.

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY.

1. Laplace has proved that the length of the day has not altered since the time of Hipparchus by theth part of a second?

2. Arago has endeavoured to prove that the mean temperature of Palestine has not altered, since the time of the patriarch Jacob, by one degree Centigrade?

3. Modern astronomers have come to the conclusion that the day is lengthening, and not shortening; how is this proved, and what is supposed to be the cause of it?

4. Expose the blunder made by Comte in attempting to demonstrate, mathematically, the nebular hypothesis of Laplace.

*5. Assuming from the calculations of Helmholtz and Bischoff, that it would take 350 millions of years to cool the Earth from 2000° C. to 200° C.; prove that it required 1280 millions of years to cool the climate of England from 122° F. to 77° F.

*6. At Loughshinny, in the Co. Dublin, there occurs in the upper limestone, or coal beds, on the sea shore, an anticlinal axis exhibiting a reversed fault, whose underlay is 50°; find the horizontal thrust necessary to produce this reversed fault, as compared with the weight of the rock displaced; and also the horizontal thrust necessary to prevent the occurrence of a direct fault.

*7. State the Laws that regulate the formation of joints and cleavage planes, dividing them into primary and secondary joints; and give an explanation of these laws from the principles of mechanics.

8. State the theory proposed by Mr. Sorby to account for cleavage, and describe the experiments made by himself and Professor Tyndall to verify this theory.

9. Explain the manner in which fossils are distorted by cleavage of the rocks in which they are found, and show the error into which Mr. Sharpe fell on this subject.

10. Given the angles between the planes of cleavage and bedding of two rock beds in the same locality, and the distortions of their fossils parallel to the intersection of the planes of cleavage and bedding; you can calculate the two principal coefficients of rock compression that produced the cleavage planes ?

II. Give Cotta's definition of Rhyolite, and his classification of its species.

PALEONTOLOGY.

1. Compare the scapular and pelvic arches of the Plesiosaurus with those of the Chelonians and Lizards.

2. Describe the Zeuglodon, and state the peculiarity from which it derives its name.

4. Explain the anatomical differences between the Mammoth and the Mastodon.

5. State the Geological and Zoological differences between the Orthoceras, the Nautilus, and the Ammonite.

6. Draw two sketches illustrating the dorsal and ventral plates of the Pterichthys.

7. Give the present geographical distribution of the animals allied to the

and mention their chief geological localities in Europe. 9. Draw figures of the following Liassic fossils:

1. Ophioderma;

2. Chimæra ;

3. Hybodus.

10. Give the dentition of the

1. Phascolotherium;
2. Amphitherium.

MINERALOGY.

*1. Investigate the forms of the Euclidean Solids inscribable in a sphere, and name those found in the Mineral Kingdom.

2. The Pentagonal Dodecahedron and the Rhombic Dodecahedron are met with, imperfectly developed, in the Animal Kingdom?

3. Write down the scale of hardness of minerals invented by Mohs. 4. Write down the scale of taste of minerals given by Dana.

5. Give a mineralogical description of either Epidote or Analcime. **6. I found the following angles in a crystal of Topaz from the Mourne Mountains:

7. Draw a figure of a cube, showing the Cubical, Octahedral, and Rhombic dodecahedral axes.

*8. Give the chemical formula and name of the mineral whose analysis gives

1. Silica,

44.58

36.62

9. Name the crystalline forms of the following Minerals :—

10. State the chemical formula and crystalline form of Scheelite and of Sphene.

N. B.-The Questions marked (*) count double, and those marked (**) count triple.

ZOOLOGY.

1. Divide the Radiates of Cuvier into the groups recognised by modern Naturalists; giving a short definition of each group.

2. Give the animal groups contained in the Protozoa, and an example of each group..

3. Mention the Families contained in the Hydrozoa, giving a short de

finition of each.

4. Name and define the Families contained in the Actinozoa.

5. Give an account of the social economy of Bees, Wasps, and Ants; and explain, if you can, the cause of their different treatment of their Queens.

6. Name accurately, and describe, the principal parasites and entozoa that infest man.

7. Give an account of the classification of Mammals proposed by Owen, by Cuvier, and by Milne Edwards.

8. State the principal points of the Owen-Huxley controversy on the quadrumanous brain; and give your own opinion on it, if founded on personal observation.

9. Describe the chief external and anatomical differences between the Monkeys of Africa and of South America.

10. Give the external and anatomical differences between the Gavial, the Alligator, and the Crocodile.

11. Name the most celebrated of the venomous serpents, and state how you would proceed to ascertain if a living snake were venomous

or not.

BOTANY.

DR. DICKSON.

1. What is the distinction between a trunk (truncus) and a stock (caudex)?

2. Given a leaf-arrangement, where, of the steepest secondary spirals, five run in one direction, and eight in the other; what fraction will represent the generating spiral?

3. Give the characters of the following fruits :-Sorosis (as in the Mulberry), Pepo (as in Cucurbitaceae), Cynarrhodum (as in the Rose), and Eterio (as in Ranunculus, Fragaria, and Rubus).

4. What difference is generally to be found between stem and root in Dicotyledons, as regards pith and liber?

5. In the Nettle the ovule is erect and orthropous; while in the Hop it is suspended and anatropous. State from this information what is the direction of the radicle of the embryo as regards the ripe fruit in these plants.

6. What is the difference between the diadelphy of Fumariaceæ, and that of Leguminosæ ?

7. Describe the plant before you,-its leaves, inflorescence, and flowers. State the sub-class and natural order of dicotyledons to which it belongs.

8. Given a plant with epicalyx of 4-5 parts, calyx of 4-5 distinct sepals, corolla of 4-5 distinct petals, andræcium of numerous perigynons and distinct stamens, fruit of numerous achenes crowded on a more or less enlarged dry receptacle, and exalbuminous seeds. State the natural order and genus.

Moderatorships in History, Political Science, and English

Literature.

JOHN TOLEKEN, M. D.

Examiners.

MOUNTIFORD LONGFIELD, LL. D., Professor of Feudal and English Law.
JAMES W. BARLOW, M. A., Professor of History.

THOMAS E. WEBB, LL. D., Professor of Civil Law.
EDWARD DOWDEN, M. A., Professor of English Literature.

HISTORY.

PROFESSOR BARLOW.

1. Give an account of the most important legislative measures of the reign of Edward I.

2. What statute is described by Hallam as "probably the most extensively beneficial act in the whole body of our laws"? What were its principal provisions?

3. Write a note on the following statement of Hallam::- "The inadvertent position of Blackstone, that a commoner cannot be impeached for high treason, is not only difficult to be supported upon ancient authorities, but contrary to the latest determination of the supreme tribunal."

4. With respect to the two treaties of partition, consider (a) the policy of the actual treaties, (b) the mode of their negociation.

5. Write a short account of the foreign policy of the reign of James I. 6. Review the proceedings of the Convention Parliament from April 25 to May 29, 1660.

7. Give an account of the contests between the families of the Torriani and the Visconti at Milan.

8. Give a sketch of the domestic history of Florence from the abdication of the Duke of Athens till the election of Michael di Lando as Gonfalonier.

DR. TOLEKEN.

1. What, according to M. Guizot, is the essential feature which distinguishes modern from primitive civilization, and when was the change accomplished?

He distinguishes three periods in the history of European civilization? Give a summary of his account of the character, causes, and effects of the Crusades, and compare his opinion as to the latter with that of Mr. Hallam.