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THE RAILS ARE LOADED ON CARS BY A MECHANICAL LOADER, AND HAULED FROM THE YARD BY AN

ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE

Most iron and steel works are better situated, some adjacent to ore and limestone deposits as well as to fuel, while others have not only water routes, but several railways entering their premises, yet the ent rprise at Sparrow's Point has expided into one of the most notable in America.

Steel furnishes an important part of its output. For several years past the 400,000 tons of rails into which the yearly output of the Bessemer department is converted, have been sold for railways, not only in America but in the Old World as well. Long stretches of the Trans-Siberian Railway have been laid with them, as well as lines in Central and South America, the West Indies, Australia, South and East Africa and British India, and even in the heart of London, rails from the Maryland works have been laid down, forming a part of its underground system.

It might be interesting to dwell upon the importance of this single rail mill in the expansion of trade and civilization, but it is only one result of the general activity. The slag from the blast furnaces has created a cement industry which repre

sents over 100,000 barrels annually. The coke used is now made in ovens on the grounds, which yield 1000 tons daily in addition to such biproducts as tar, sulphate of ammonia, and enough illuminating gas to supply half the population of the nearby city of Baltimore, which has 650,000 inhabitants.

All of these industries are confined to but a portion of the square mile which forms the site of the entire works, for a considerable part of it is occupied by a shipyard and dockyard. While marine construction is merely another outgrowth of the business at Sparrow's Point, it has expanded until from it have come probably more types of craft than have been built at any other shipyard in the world, for not only have ocean steamships been constructed, but sidewheel and propeller steamboats for coast and inland waters, torpedo boat destroyers, passenger ferryboats for rivers and harbours, car ferries, dredges for deep-sea and shallow water, as well as steam yachts and tow boats. The marine department is separate from the dock department, where the two largest

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