379. INTONATIONS AND MELODY OF SPEECH. By the first-is meant the movement of the voice through the different notes of the scale, As-cending and DE-scending, with an appropriate and agreeable variety of sounds; by the second, an agreeable succession of sounds, either in speech or song: A dull repetition of words or sounds, on nearly the same pitch, is very grating to the ear, and disgusting to correct taste; and yet it is one of the most common faults of the bar, the senate and pulpit; indeed, in every pace where there is public speaking: which is the melancholy result of the usual course of teaching children to read. 380. EXAMPLES PARTIALLY EXHIBITED. 1 (5) Seest thou a man (5) diligent in his (6) business? (5) He shall stand before (4) kings, (3) he shall not stand before (5) mean men. 2. (3) O swear not by the (6) moon, the (5) inconstant (4) moon, (3) that monthly (5) changes in its circled (3) orb. 3. Said Mr. Pitt, to his aged accuser, in debate, (4) "But (6) youth, it seems, is not my (5) only (3) crime, (4) I have been accused of (5) acting (6) a (8) theatrical part." 4. (5) Standing on the ascent of the (6) past, we survey the (5) present, and (4) extend our views into (3) futurity. 5. (5) No one-will ever be the (4) happier, for (5) talents, or (4) riches, (3) unless he makes a right (3) use of them. 6. (5) Truths-have (4) life in them; and the (6) effect of that life is (3) unceasing expansion. 7. (6) He, who loves the (5) Lord, with all his (4) heart, and his neighbor as (4) himself, needs no (5) compass, or (4) helm to steer his (3) course; because (5) truth and (4) love are his (3) wind and (2) tide. N. B. The inflections, circumflexes, &c., commence with the accented vowel, which is supposed to be on the note indicated by the preceding figure. 381. PROMISCUOUS EXAMPLES WITHOUT NOTATION. The predominant characteristic of the female mind is affection: and that of the male mind is thought: tho' both have affection and thought; but disparity-does not imply inferiority. The sexes are intended for different spheres of life, and are created in conformity to their destination, by Him, who bids the oak-brave the fury of the tempest, and the Alpine flower-lean its cheek on the bosom of eternal snow. Abstract Questions. Is not that propensity of the human mind, which seeks for a medium of communication, between two physical phenomena, to be traced to the fact, that every admitted truth, is derived from a medium of knowledge; and that there is a connection among all intellectual phenomena; so much so, that we cannot conceive a new idea, without a medium of communica tion? Laconics. 1. By minding our own business, we shall be more useful, more benevolent, more respected, and ten times happier. 2. That student will live miserably, who lies down, like a camel, under his burden. 3. Remember, while you live, it is by looks--that men deceive. 4. A indeed the wisest foe. 5. He, who confides in a foolish friend may cause more woe, Than could person of no honor, may consider himself very tion of mankind is such, that we must not believe lucky, if he is not a sufferer by it. 6. The condievery smooth speech-the cover of a kind intention. 7. Who is wise? He who learns from every one. 8. Who is rich? He, who is contented. 9. Nothing is so dumb--as deep emotion. 10. Where there is much mystery, there is generally much ignorance. 11. Catch not soon at offence. 12. Whoso loseth his spirits, loseth all. Anecdote. Choice of a Husband. An Athenian, who was hesitating, whether to give his daughter in marriage to a man of worth with a small fortune, or to a rich man, who had no other recommendation, went to consult Themistocles on the subject. "I would bestow my daughter," said Themistocles, "upon a man without money, rather than upon money without a man." True Philosophy-consists in doing all the good that we can, in learning all the good we can, in teaching to others all the good we can, in bearing, to the best of our ability, the various ills of life, and in enjoying, with gratitude, every honest pleasurethat comes in our way. Varieties. 1. Should not our intentions, as well as our actions-be good? 2. True love-is of slow growth, mutual and reciprocal, and founded on esteem. 3. Graces, and accomplishments—are too often designed for beaux-caching, and coquetry. 4. There is time for all things. 5. An individual-inclined to magnify every good, and minify every evil-must be a pleasing companion, or partner-for life,-whether male or fe male. 6. Knowledge-is not wisdom; it is only the raw material, from which the beautiful fabric of wisdom is produced; there fore, let us not spend our days in gathering materials, and live, and die, without a shelter. 7. Every evil-has its limit; which, when passed, plunges the wicked into misery. 8. One thief in the house, is more to be dreaded than ten-in the street. 9. The more haste, generally the worst speed. 10. The moral government, under which we live, is a kingdom of uses; and whatever we possess, is given us for use; and with it, the opportunity and power of using it. Thou art, O God, the life and light Are but reflections-caught from thee; 382. INTONATIONS CONTINUED. Lister. | attentively, to a person under the influence of nature, of his own feelings and thoughts: he relates stories, supports arguments, commands those under his authority, speaks to persons at a distance, utters exclamations of anger and rage, joy and rapture, pours forth lamentations of sorrow and grief, breathes affection, love, &c. in different pitch es, tones, qualities, emphasis, inflection, and circumflexes, elevations and depressions of voice. The only possibility of success, therefore, is to get perfect control of the vocal organs, by practicing these principles, and conforming the whole manner to the sense and objects of the composition. 383. INTONATION AND MELODY. These examples are given as general guides; the figures refer to the notes in the Diatonic Scale. 1. (4) But, (5) from the (4) tomb, (5) the (4) voice of (5) nature (6) cries, (6) And, (5) in our (4) ashes, (5) live (4) their won-(3) ted (2) fires. 2. But (5) yonder comes, (4) rejoicing in the (6) EAST, (5) The (4) powerful (3) king of (2) day. 3. (6) AWAKE! (6) ARISE! (6) or (5) be (3) forever (2) fallen. 4. (3) He expired in a (5) victualing house, (4) which I hope (5) I (3) shall (2) not. 7. (5) Fair (6) angel, thy (5) desire, which tends to (6) KNOW The works of (5) God, doth (4) merit (3) praise. 8 (5) Such (4) honors Ilion to (6) HER lover paid, And (5) peaceful slept (4) the mighty (3) Hector's (2) shade. Note, Construct a scale on faint ruled paper, and place the words on it as indicated; the same as notes are on the musical staff. Proverbs. 1. Th remedy for injuries — not to remember them. 2. To read, ard not under. stand, is to pursue, and not overtake. 3. Truth re fines, but does not obscure. 4. He who teaches, often learns himself. 5. Worth-has been under rated, ever since wealth-has been overrated. 6 Antiquity-cannot sanction an error, nor novelty injure a truth. 7. A man in a passion, rides a horse that runs away with him. 8. A small kak will sink a great ship. 9. Never forget a good turn. 10. Lying-is the vice of a slave. 11. Selfconceit-is the attendant of ignorance. 12. The love of society is natural. Anecdote. The emperor of China, inquired of Sir George Staunton, about the manner in which physicians were paid in England. When he was made to understand what the practice was, he exclaimed,—" Can any man in England afford to be ill? Now, I have four physicians, and pay all of them a weekly salary; but the moment I am sick, that salary is stopped, till I am well again; therefore, my indisposition is never of long duration." Woman. The prevailing manners of an age depend, more than we are aware of, or are willing to allow, on the conduct of the women: this is one of the principal things on which the great machine of human society turns. Those, who allow the influence which. female graces have in contributing to polish the manners of men, would do well to reflect, how great an influence female morals must also have on their conduct. How much, then, is it to be regretted, that women-should ever sit down, contented, to polish, when they are able to reform-to entertain, when they might instruct. Nothing delights men more than their strength of understanding, when Miscellaneous. 1. Beauty-is the outward form of goodness: and this is the reason, we love it instinctively, without think-true gentleness of manners is its associate; ing why we love: but we cease to love, when we find it unaccompanied with truth and goodness. 2. Make not your opinions, the criterion of right and wrong: but make right and wrong-the criterion of your actions and principles. Few-bring back at eve, united, they become irresistible orators, bless'd with the power of persuasion, fraught with the sweetness of instruction, making woman the highest ornament of human nature. Varieties. 1. Fear-is a bad preserver of anything intended to endure; but lovewill generally ensure fidelity, even to the end. 2. He, who knowingly defends the wrong side of a question, pays a very bad compli ment to his hearers: as much as to say; False. hood, supported by my talents, is stronger than truth, supported by yours. 3. Before a man should be convicted of a libel, the jury must be satisfied, that it was his intention tc The intent, and not the deed, libel; not to state facts, which he believed to is in our power; and therefore, who DARES greatly, be true, or, reasonings, which he thought Does greatly. just. 4. The difference between the word 6. Words are things; a small drop of of God, and the compositims of man, is as ink, (falling like dew-) upon thought, pro-great, as between reut flame and painted duces that, which makes thousands, perhaps MILLIONS think. 7. Something-is at all times-flowing into us. Too much the beautiful—we prize, flame. 5. Lissimulation, even the most innocen., is ever productive of embarrassments; whether the design is evil, or not, artifice is always dangerous, and almost inevitably due graceful. 384. REVISIONS. Let all the preceding principles be reviewed, with an illustration of each, and endeavor to fix them, permanently, in the mind, by seeing their truth, and feeling their power in practice; so that you can write a work yourself on the philosophy of mind and voice. Remember, that nothing is yours, till you make it your own, by understanding it scientifically, rationally and affectuously, and then by applying it to its proper object: do not forget effects, causes, ends, their successive order, and simultaneous development. EVE'S LAMENT ON LEAVING PARADISE. (Plaintive, with quantity.) O, unexpected stroke, worse than of Death! Laconics. 1. The grea battle and contest among politicians is not how the government shall be administered, but who shall administer it. 2. They who go to church out of vanity, or curosity, and not for worship and instruction, should not value themselves on account of their religion, for it is not worth a straw. 3. Allow time for consideration; everything is badly executed, that is not incompatible with wisdom; and the man of is done by force or violence. 4. Occasional mirth, reserved habits, may sometimes be gay. 5. Happy are they, who draw lessons of prudence-from the dangers, in which others are involved. 6. Eloquence-can pierce the reluctant wonder of the world, and make even monarchs tremble on their thrones. Anecdote. Spinola. "Pray, of what did your brother die ?" said the Marquis Spinola, one day to Sir Horace Vere. "He died, sir," replied he," of having nothing to do." "Alas! O flowers, (that never will in other climate grow,) sir," said Spinola, "that is enough to kill any My early visitation, and my last At ev'n, which I bred up, with tender hand, 385. How mean,-how timid,-how abject, must that spirit be, which can sit down, -contented with mediocrity. As for myself -all that is within me is on fire. I had rather be torn into a thousand pieces, than relax my resolution, of reaching the sublimest heights of virtue-and knowledge, of goodness-and truth, of LOVE-and WISDOM. Nothing is so arduous,—nothing so ADMIRABLE, in human affairs, but may be attained by the industry of man. We are descended from heaven; thither let us go, whence we derive our origin. Let nothing satisfy us, lower than the summit of all excellence. general of us all." Mostesquieu says, “We, in general, place idleness among the beatitudes of heaven; it should rather, I think, be put amid the tortures of hell. Austin calls it -the burying a man alive." Female Education. How greatly is it to be regretted, that for the benefit of both sexes, women are not generally so educated, that their conversations might be still much more useful to us, as well as beneficial to themselves! If, instead of filling their heads with trifles, or worse than trifles, they were early taught what might be really useful, they would not then be so continually in pursuit of silly, ridiculous, expensive, and many times criminal amusement; neither would their conversation be so insipid and impertinent, as it too often is. On the contrary, were their minds properly improved with knowledge, which it is certain they are exceedingly capable of, how much more agreeable would they be to themselves, and how much more improving and delightful to us? How truly charming does beauty appear, when adorned by good nature, good sense, and knowledge? And when beauty. inalists—were a sect, the followers of Ros- fades, as soon it must, there will then be celinus and Abelard: according to these those qualities and accomplishments remainphilosophers, there are no existences in na-ing, which cannot fail to command great re ture corresponding to general terms, and the gard, esteem, and affection. objects of our attention in all our general зpeculations, are not ideas, but words. The Realists were their opponents, and adhered to the principles of Aristotle. Nominalists and Realists. The Nom Oft-may the spirits of the dead-descend There may these gentle guests-delight to dwell, VARIETIES. But-shall we wear these glories for a day, In faith, and hope, the world will disagree, Laconics. 1. The antidote, is he banc ful n fluence of flattery is, for every one to examine himself, and truly estimate his own qualities, and character. 2. Let us make ourselves steadfast in what is certainly true, and we shall be able to answer objections, or reject them as unworthy of an answer. 3. Argument-cannot disprove fact; no two opposing facts can be produced; all objec tions to a fact must therefore be negative. 4. Ed. ucation-includes all the influences, that serve to 386. As so much depends upon the proper novement of the voice, through the different notes of the scale, and as our primary instruction in reading is often diametrically opposed to what is natural, it is deemed necessary to be more explicit in directions, as well as in exemples. Imitate, with the voice, accompanied by corresponding motions of the hand, the gentle undulations of the waters, when the waves run moderately high; let-unfold the faculties, and determine the char ting the movement of your voice resemble acter; thus involving the mental, and physical, 5 that of a small boat. Observe the various To render good for evil, is God-like; to render movements of different kinds of birds through good for good, is man-like; to render evil for evil, is the air, some bobbing up and down, others beast-like; to render evil for good-is devil-like. moving more gracefully; some flapping their Varieties. Has a wise and good God-wings, others sailing, soaring: but the move-furnished us with desires, which have no cor ments of the voice are infinitely more vari- respondent objects, and raised expectations ous than all other external motions; for it in our breasts, with no other view but to disappoint them? Are we to be forever in search of happiness, without arriving at it, either in this world or in the next? Are we formed with a passionate longing for immortality, and yet destined to perish, after this short period of existence? Are we promptfires ed to the noblest actions, and supported through life, under the severest hardships and most delicate temptations, by the hopes of a reward, which is visionary and chimerical,--by the expectation of praises, of which it is utterly impossible for us, ever to have the least knowledge or enjoyment? contains them all. 8. 7. 6. THE EIGHT NOTES OF THE SCALE. 5. from the 4. But 3. 2. cries, and tomb the nature in our es live their won ted Blessed-we sometimes are! and I am now There is a spell-in every flower, A sweetness-in each spray, O, there is joy-and happiness, Which bids my soul rise up-and bless The God, that blesses me Method. In speaking extempore, or in writing, METHOD, or the proper arrangement of the thoughts, is of the first importance; to attain which, you must fix, in your mind, the precise object you have in view, and never lose sight of it; then, determine the grand divisions; which should be natural, and distinct; not an unnecessary thought, or illustration· should be admitted: and even in the amplification of the subject, every part should have its proper place, and all -present a whole. Anecdote. Mr. Summerfield. It is said, of the late Mr. Summerfield, that being asked by a bishop, where he was born, he replied, "I was born in England, and born again in Ireland." "What do you mean ?" inquired the bishop. "Art thou a master in Israel, and knowest not these things?" was the reply. Effects of Knowledge. The more widely knowledge is spread, the more will they be prized, whose happy lot it is-to ex tend its bounds, by discovering new truths, to multiply its uses-by inventing new modes of applying it in practice. Real knowledge -never prompted either turbulence, or unbelief; but its progress is the forerunner o liberality and enlightened toleration. Who so dreads these, let him tremble; for he may be well assured, that their day is at length come, and must put to sudden flight the evil spirits of tyranny and persecution, which haunted the long night, now gone down the sky. VARIETIES. Soft peace she brings wherever she arrives; That frowns o'er many a wave-beat shore; And deck its rough bark-sweetly o'er. 887. Cadence-means a descent, or fall Laconics. 1. No change in externai appearof the voice: here, it means the proper man- ance, can alter that, which is radically wrong. 2. ner of closing a sentence. In the preceding Seize an opportunity, when it presents itself; if examples, the pupil sees how it is made. once lost, it may never be regained. 3. Vicious The best cadence, that which rests most men, endeavor to impose on the world, by assumpleasantly on the ear, is the fall of a triad; ing a semblance of virtue, to conceal their bad i. e. a regular gradation of three notes from habits, and evil propensities. 4. Beware of selfthe prevalent pitch of voice; which is gen-love, for it hardens the heart, and shuts the mind to erally the fourth or fifth: tho' different voices all that is good and true. 5. The excessive picas. are keyed on different pitches: hence, each ure one feels-in talking of himself, ought to mako must be governed by his own peculiarities him apprehensive, that he affords little to his au in this respect. Beware of confounding ca-itor. 6. In our intercourse with the world, wo dence with inflections; and never end a sentence with a feeble and depressed utterance. The' nature-weigh our talents, and dispense, To every man, his modicum of sense, Yet-much-depends, as in the tiller's toil, On culture, and the sowing of the soil. The brave man-is not he, who feels no fear, For that were stupid-and irrational ;— But he, whose noble soul his fear subdues, [from. "Tis not to stalk about, and draw in fresh air, 388. WORD-PAINTING. There is nothing in any of the other fine arts, but what is involved in oratory. The letters are analogous to uncompounded paints; words-to paints prepared for use; and, when arranged into appropriate and significant sentences, they form pictures of the ideas on the canvas of the imagination: hence, composition, whether written or spoken, is like a picture, exhibiting a great variety of features, not only with prominence, but with degrees of prominence: to do which, the painter, speaker, or writer, applies shades of the same color to features of the same class, and opposing colors to those of different classes. Government. The ordinary division of governments into republican, monarchical, and despotic, appears essentially erroneous; for there are but two kinds of government, good and bad: governments are national and special. The essence of the formerconsists in the will of the nation constitutionally expressed; that of the latter, where there are other sources of power, or right, than the will of the nation. should often ask ourselves this question-How would I like to be treated thus? 7. In all ages and countries, unprincipled men may be found, who will slander the most upright character, and find others as base as themselves, to join in the propagation of their falsehoods. Confinement of Debtors. The prosper ity of a people is proportionate to the number of hands and minds usefully employed. To the community, sedition is a fever, corruption is a gangrene, and idleness is an atrophy. Whatever body, and whatever so. ciety wastes more than it acquires, must gradually decay: and every being, that continues to be fed, and ceases to labor, takes away something from the public stock. The confinement, therefore, of any man in the sloth and darkness of a prison, is a loss to the nation, and no gain to the creditor. For, of the multitudes, who are pining in those cells of misery, a very small part is suspected of any fraudulent act, by which they retain, what belongs to others. The rest are imprisoned by the wantonness of pride, the malignity of revenge, or the acrimony of disappointed expectation. VARIETIES. 'Tis slander: Whose edge-is sharper than the sword, whose tongue All corners of the world: kings, queens, and statea, This viperous slander enters. Mercy to him that shows it, is the rule, By which heaven moves, in pardoning guilty man. Be earnest!-why shouldst thou for custom's sake, The Heart's Apostle, loving, pure, and true? Current among the many, by the few, |