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560. POLYGLOTT OF BODY AND MIND. Thus, we see that the body, in connection with the mind, speaks many languages; and he is a learned elocutionist, who understands and can speak them. In view of which, well might Hamlet exclaim, "WHAT A PIECE OF WORK IS MAN!" Observe well this strange being, as embodied in the works of the painter, and statuary: in what kingly wondrous manner, appear his force of altitude and looks! Who, but would covet the glorious art of making the flat canvas and rocky marble, utter every passion of the human mind, and touch the soul of the spectator, as if the picture, or statue, spoke the pathetic language of a Shakspeare? Is it any wonder that masterly action, joined with powerful elocution, should be irresistible? If poetry, music, and statuary, is good, is not ORATORY more excellent? for in that we have them all. Woe for those, who trample o'er a mind!

Anecdote. No hero was more distin-
guished in ancient times, than Alexander the
Great, king of Macedon. His courage was
undaunted, his ambition boundless, his friend-
ship ardent, his taste refined; and what was
very extraordinary, he seems to have con-
versed with the same fire and spirit, with
which he fought. Philip, his father, knowing
him to be very swift, wished him to run for
the prize, at the Olympic games. "I weald
comply with your request," said Alexander,
"if KINGS were to be my competitors."
The ocean-when it rolls aloud-
The tempest-bursting from her cloud,
In one uninterrupted peal!
When darkness sits amid the sky;
And shadowy forms go trooping by;

And everlasting mountains reel--
All-all of this is Freedom's song--

'Tis pealed--'tis pealed eternally!
And all, that winds and waves prolong,
Are anthems rolled to Liberty!

A deathless thing. They know not what they do, Or what they deal with! Man, perchance, may The flow'r his step hath bruis'd; or light anew bind Varieties. 1. Although the truth can ne The torch he quenches; or to music-wind ver come to condemn, but to save, the world Again the lyre-string from his touch that flew ; has ever pronounced its condemnation. 2. Garbled extracts from any work, are no more But, for the soul!-oh! tremble, and beware,a correct representation of the work, than To lay rude hands-upon God's mysteries there! stone, mortar, boards, glass, and nails, are a 561. THE WRITTEN PAGE can but ill ex- fair specimen of a splendid palace. 3. Never press the nicer shades of sentiment, passion, let private interest, poverty, disgrace, danger, and emotion which the poet has painted. or death, deter you-from asserting the liberThere are depths of thought, which the eye ty of your country, or from transmitting to cannot penetrate-and sublimities of flight, posterity, the sacred rights to which you which it cannot reach. The loveliest and were born. 4. What are the pleasures of the sublimest of written poetry-even that con- bodily senses, without the pleasures of the tained in sacred scripture-cannot speak to soul? 5. Themistocles, when asked to play the eye with that vivid power and intensity of the lute, replied, I cannot play the fiddle, but expression, drawn from it by the human voice, I can make a little village a great city. 6. when trained to the capacity given to it, by The skin-co-operates with the lungs in pu the Creator. Hence, the ordained efficiency rifying the blood. 7. How shall we know of preaching; hence, the trembling of Felix, that the American government, is founded as the great Apostle reasoned-" of righteous-on the true principles of human nature? By ness, temperance, and judgment to come." So, with the production of the most consummate human genius:

For ill-can poetry express,

Full many a tone-of thought sublime; And sculpture, mute and motionless,

Steals but one glance from time.

But, by the mighty actor's power,
Their wedded triumphs come:
Verse-ceases-to be airy thought

And sculpture-to be dumb.

562. The following-is an example of the sublime, falling far short of a hyperbole; for, as St. John observes, "even the wORLD ITSELF-Could not contain the books, that should be written" on the subject of INFINITE LOVE and INFINITE WISDOM-displayed in man's REDEMPTION and SALVATION. Could we, with ink, the oCEAN fill,

Were the whole earth-a PARCHMENT-made, Were every single stick-a QUILL,

And every man-a SCRIBE by trade;
To write the LOVE OF GOD-to man,
Would drain the OCEAN dry;

Nor would the scroll-contain the plan,
Tho' stretch'd-from SKY to SKY.

The mind-untaught,

Is a dark waste, where fiends and tempests howl;
As Phabus-to the world, is science-to the soul.

learning what the true principles of human
nature are and an extensive induction of facts,
derived from the study of history, and our
own observation.

Yet, though my dust-in earth be laid,
My life on earth-withdrawn ;
"Twill be--but as a fleeting shade

Of night--before the dawn!

For I shall spring-beyond the tomb,
To new-immortal prime,

Where all is light, and life, and bloom;
And no more winter-time.

I had a friend, that lov'd me:

I was his soul: he liv'd not, but in me.
We were so close within each other's breast,
The rivets were not found, that join'd us first,
That does not reach us yet: we were so miz'd.
As meeting streams; both to ourselves were lost
We were one mass; we could not give, or take
But from the same: for he was I; I, he:
Return, my better half, and give me all myself,
For thou art all!

If I have any joy when thou art absent,
I grudge it to myself: methinks I rob
Thee of thy part.

Stillest streams

Oft water fairest meadows; and the bird,
That flutters least, is longest on the wing.

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A Great Mistake. The sons of the rich so often die poor-and the sons of the poor so often die rich, that it has grown into a proverb; and yet, how many parents are laboring and toiling to accumulate wealth for their children, and, at the same time, raising them up in habits of indolence and extravagance. Their sons will scatter their property much sooner than they can gather it together. Let them have their heads well stored with virtuous principles, and they will ordinarily take care of themselves. However affluent may be his circumstances, yet every parent inflicts upon his son a lasting injury, who does not train him up to habits of virtue, industry and economy.

563. GESTURL or a just and elegant adaptation of every part of the body to the subject, is an essential part of oratory; and its power is much greater than that of words: for it is the language of nature, and makes its way to the heart, without the utterance of a single word: it affects the eye, (which is the quickest of all our senses,) and of course, conveys impressions more speedily to the mind, than that of the voice, which affects the ear only. Nature, having given to every senti-useful knowledge, and their hearts with sound and ment and feeling its proper outward expresgion, what we often mean, does not depend so much on our words, as on our manner of speaking them. Art-only adds ease and gracefulness, to what nature and reason dictate. Study the Gesture Engravings thoroughly.

All natural objects have

An echo in the heart. This flesh doth thrill,
And bas connection, by some unseen chain,
With its original source and kindred substance:
The mighty forest, the proud tides of ocean,
Sky-cleaving hills, and in the vast air,
The starry constellations; and the sun,
Parent of life exhaustless-these maintain

With the mysterious mind and breathing mould,
A coexistence and community.

MADNESS AND TERROR.

Stretch of Thought. A fellow-student, in consequence of too close application to study, and neglect of proper diet and exercise, became partially deranged; but being very harmless, it was thought best that he should go and come when, and where he pleased; in hope of facilitating his restoration. One Saturday afternoon, he went out through the gardens and fields, and gathered every variety of flowers, from the modest violet to the gaudy sunflower-with which he adorned himself from head to foot, in the most fantastical manner; in which condition he was displaying his imaginary kingly power, on a hillock in the college green, just as the president and one of the professors were going up to attend chapel prayers; when the former observed to the latter-what a great pity that such a noble mind should be thus in ruins! the maniac hearing what he said, rose majestically upon his throne, and with a most piercing look and voice, exclaimed; "What is that you say, old president! you presume to talk thus about me? Solomon, in all his glory, was not arrayed as I am. You old sinner, come here; and I will tear you limb from limb,-and scatter you through infinite space; where Omniscience cannot find you, nor Omnipotence put you together again.

Anecdote. Francis I., king of France, (opponent and rival of Charles V., of Germany,) consulting with his generals, how to lead his army over the Alps into Italy, his fool, Amarel, sprung from a corner, and advised him to consult how to bring them back again.

A child is born. Now take the germ, and make t
A bud of moral beauty. Let the dews
Of knowledge, and the light of virtue, wake it
In richest fragrance, and in purest hues;
When passion's gust, and sorrow's tempest shake it,
The shelter of affection-ne'er refuse,
For soon, the gathering hand of death will break .!
From its weak stem of life,-and it shall lose
All power to charm; but, if that lonely flowe
Hath swell'd one pleasure, or subdued one pain,
O, who shall say, that it has lived in rain,

However fugitive-its breathing hour?
For virtue-leaves its sweets wherever tasted,
And scatter'd truth is never, never wasted.

Varieties. 1. All those, who have pre-
sented themselves at the door of the world,
with a great truth, have been received with
stones, or hisses. 2. Who has not observed
the changed, and changing condition of the
human race? 3. We are indebted to the
monastic institutions for the preservation of
ancient libraries.
4. No good can bring
pleasure, unless it be that, for the loss of
which we are prepared. 5. They, who sac-
rifice at the altar of Apollo, are like those,
who drink of the waters of Claros; they re
ceive the gift of divination, they imbibe the
seeds of death. 6. The same misconduct
which we pardon in ourselves, we condemn
in others; because we associate a palliation
with the one, which we cannot perceive in
the other. 7. What constitutes true mar
riage?

Sheba-was never

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564. VEHEMENCE OF ACTION. Cicero- Three Modes of Forming Theories. very judiciously observes, that a speaker One-to imagine them, and then search for facts must remit, occasionally, the vehemence of to sustain, prove and confirm them; one-to colhis actions, and not utter every passage with all the force, of which he is capable; so as to lect facts, which are only effects, and out of them set off, more strongly, the emphatical parts; to form theories; and one-to observe all these which as painters make their figures stand out bold- facts, and look through them to their causes; cr, by means of light and shades: there are causes constitute the only true theories: then, all always strong points, as they may be called, known or probable effects, will not only confirm in every well written piece, which must al- such theories, but they can be explained by these ways be attended to, thus hill and dale, theories. Hence, the true theories of all things, mountain and precipice, cataract and gulph: will explain and demonstrate all things, so far as always keep some resources, and never utter the weaker with all your energy; for if they can be seen and understood; i. e. rationally you do, there will be a failing in the strong perceived, according to the state and capacity of the human mind. That which enables one to explain a points the most pathetic parts. thing, analytically and synthetically, is the truc cause or theory of that thing; thus, true theories are the causes of things, and facts are the legitimate effects of those things. The ENDS OF THINGS. There is one step higher, which must be taken, and then we shall have all, that the human mind can conceive of, or think about; which is the end of things: thus we have ends, causes, and effects;

In peace, there's nothing so becomes a man,
As modest stillness, and humility:
But, when the blast of war blows in our eas,
Then, imitate the action of the tiger;
Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood,
Disguise fair nature with hard-favor'd rage;
Then lend the eye a terrible aspect;
Let it pry through the portage of the head,

Like the brass cannon; let the brow o'erwhelm it, beyond which sphere, man cannot go; for every As fearfully, as doth a galled rock

O'erhang and jutty his confounded base,
Swill'd with the wild and wasteful ocean.
Now set the teeth, and stretch the nostril wide;
Hold hard the breath and bend up every spirit
To his full height!-On, on! you noblest English.

thing, object or subject, concerning which we can feel, think or act, is either an end, a cause, or an effect; the latter only, are accessible to our senses · the other must be seen intellectually: i. e. in a region of mind above our senses.

Varieties. 1. Can what is incomprehen 465. THE FOREHEAD. TO WHAT specta-sible, be an object of thought? 2. Humanitor can the forehead appear uninteresting? ty, justice, and patriotism--are qualities-of Here, appear LIGHT and GLOOM; JOY and universal benefit to mankind. 3. The only ANXIETY, STUPIDITY, IGNORANCE, and VICE. way to expel what is false from the mind, is to receive the opposite truth. 4. Faith-is On this brazen tablet are engraved MANY combinations of SENSE and of SOUL. Here, all saving, when we fearn truths from the Bible, the GRACES revel, and all the CYCLOPS thun- and live according to them. 5. A man ie der. Nature has left it bare, that by it, the said to be square, when he does not, from incountenance may be ENLIGHTENED and justice, incline to this or that party. 6 The DARKENED. At its lowest extremities, power of the muscles, is derived through the THOUGHTS--appear changed into ACTS; the nerves, as the power of good is from truth. 7. Nothing remains with us, that is not remind HERE collects the powers of RESISTceived in freedom. ANCE; and HERE headlong OBSTINACY, or wise PERSEVERANCE take up their fixed abode.

That brow, which was, to me, A blooming heaven (it was a heaven, for there Shone forth twin stars of excellence, so brightly, As though the winds of paradise had fann'd Their orbed lustre, till they beam'd with love ;) That brow-was as the sleep-imprison'd lake, Treasuring the beauty of the deep blue skies, Whose charm'd slumber, one small breath will ruffle. Anecdote. A commonwealth's man, in England, on his way to the scaffold, for truth's sake, saw his wife, looking at him from the tower window, and standing up i the cart he waved his hat, and cried, "To HEAVEN, my love, to HEAVEN, and I leave you in the storm awhile."

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Look nature through; 'tis revolution all:
All change; no death. Day-follows night, and
The dying day; stars rise, and set, and rise;
Earth-takes the example. See, the Summer, gay
With her green chaplet-and ambrosial flowers,
Droops into pallid Autumn: Winter, gray,
Horrid with frost, and turbulent with storm,
Blows Autumn, and his golden fruits, away;-
Then, melts into the Spring, Soft Spring, with
Favonian, from warm chamb'rs of the south, [breath
Recalls the first. All, to re-flourish, fades;
As in a wheel, all sinks to re-ascend—
Emblems of man, who passes, not expires.
Say, dear, will you not have me?
Then take the kiss-you gave me ;
You elsewhere would, perhaps, bestow it,
And I would be as loath-to owe it;
Or, if you will not take the thing-once given,
Let me kiss you, and then, we shall be even

And then, alone, would Ila mourn;
And count the hours, till his return,
For when did woman's love expire,

If fondly fanned-the holy fire?

He, that doth public good-for multitudes,
Finds few-are truly grateful.

566. DEMOSTHENES, the most eminent of Grecian crators, was born 385 years before the christian era, and died by poison, self-administered, to escape the vengeance of Antipater, 322 B. C. He was celebrated on account of the fire, strength, and vehemence of his eloquence, which was excited in rousing the Athenians to

568. EVE. Are not good sense, and good humor of more advantage than beauty? When Adam is introduced by Milton, describing Eve, in parudise, and relating to the angel, the impressions he felt on seeing her, at her first creation, he does no represent her-like a Grecian Venus, by her shape, or features, but by the lustre of her mind, which shone in them; and gave them their power of charming:

Grace--was in all her steps, heaven-in her eye,
In every gesture-dignity, and love.

Anecdote. A Humane Driver Rewarded. A Macedonian soldier, was one day leading before Alexander a mule laden with gold for the king's use; and the beast being so tired, that he could not go, or sustain the load, his driver took it off, and, with great difficulty, carried it himself a considerable way. Alexander, seeing him just sinking under the burden, and about to throw it on the ground, cried out, "Do not be weary yet; try and carry it through to the tent, for it is all thy own."

war with the Macedonians, and in defeating m.s Faint not, heart of man! though years wane slow! rivals, who were bribed by the latter. The char- There have been those, that, from the deepest caver, acteristics of his oratory were, strength, sublimity, And cells of night, and fastnesses, below piercing energy and force, aided by an emphatic, The stormy dashing of the ocean-waves,and vehement elocution; he sometimes, however, Down, farther down-than gold lies hid, have purs'd degenerated into severity. In reading his orations, A quenchless hope, and watch'd their time, and burst we do not meet with any sentiments that are very On the bright day, like wakeners from the graves! exalted; they are generally bounded by self-love and a love of the world. His father died when he Varieties. 1. When we go let as was seven years old; and his guardians having consider what we have to do; a when we wasted his property, at the age of seventeen, he return, what we have done. 2. There are appeared against them at the court, and plead his many subjects, that are not easily understood; own cause successfully; which encouraged him to but it is easy to misrepresent them; and when speak before the assembly of the people; but he arguments cannot be controverted, it is not made a perfect failure: after which, he retired, difficult for the uncharitable-to calumniate studied and practiced in secret, until he was twen-motives. 3. A man's true character is a greater ty-five, when he came forward again, and comraced his brilliant career.

An honest statesman-to a prince-is like
Ayder, planted by a spring, which bathes its
Roo's: the grateful free-rewards it-with the shadows.
y tedious toil,--no passion is expressed:

His hand, who feels the strongest, paints the best.
567. MARCUS
TULLIUS CICERO,
the most distin-
guished of the
Roman orators,
was born 106
years before the
birth of Christ;
and died at the
age of 63. He
made the Greeks
his model; and,
as an orator, he
possessed the
strength of De-
mos-the-nes, the
copiousness of
Plato, and the su-
arity of I-soc-ra-
tes. His first
t cher was the
poet Ar-chi-as;

and in elocution he was taught by A-pol-lo-ni-us Molo of Rhodes; after which he visited Athens, and on his return was made questor, and then consul; when he rendered the greatest service to the state, by the suppression of the conspiracy of Catiline: he was afterwards banished, and voluntarily retired to Greece, but was soon honorably recalled; after which, he undertook the prætorship of Cilicia. In the civil wars of Casar and Pompey, he adher ed to the party of the latter; and after the battle of Pharsalia, was reconciled to Caesar, but was soon siain by Pompilius, at the instigation of Marc An'ony.

secret to himself, than to others; if he judge himself, he is apt to be partial, if he asks the opinions of others, he is liable to be deceived 4. Really learned persons never think of hav ing finished their education, for they are students during life. 5. The insults of others can never make us wretched, or resentful, if our hearts are right; the viper, that stings us, is within. 6. Beware of drawing too broad and strong conclusions from feeble and illdefined premises 7. When human policy wraps one end of the chain round the ancle of a man, divine justice rivets the other end round the neck of the tyrant. 8. All who have been great, without religion, would undoubtedly have been much greater, and better--with it.

QUALITIES-SURPASSING LOVELINESS.
⚫ She had read

Her father's well-filled Abrary-with profit,
And could talk charmingly. Then she would sing,
And play, too, passably,-and dance with spirit;
She sketch'd from nature well, and studied flowers,
Which was enough, alone, to love her for;
Yet she was knowing—in all needle-work,—
And shone in dairy,-and in kitchen, too,—
As in the PARLOR.

The wise man, said the Bible, walks with God,
Surveys far on--the endless line of life;
Values his soul; thinks of eternity;
Both worlds consides, and provides for both;
With reason's eye-his passions guards; abstains
From evil; lives on hope-on hope, the fruit
Of faith; looks upward; purifies his soul;
Expands his wings, and mounts into the sky;
Passes the sun, and gains his Father's house;
And drinks-with angels-from the fount of bliss.

of position, denote majesty, activity, strength the leaning--affection, respect, earnestness of entreaty, dignity of composure, indifference, disease. The air of a person expresses a language easily understood. The husbandman, dandy, gentleman and military chief bespeak the habits and qualities of each. The head gently reclined, denotes grief, shame; erect-courage, firmness; thrown back or shaken-dissent; forward--as sent. The hand raised and inverted-repels, more elevated and extended-surprise, aston sh ment; placed on the mouth-silence; on the

569. RHETORICAL ACTION-respects the atti- | correspond. An erect attitude, and a firmness tude, gesture, and expression of the countenance. Words cannot represent certain peculiarities; they depend on the actor. Simplicity, or a strict adherence to the modesty of nature-correctness-or adaption to the word-and beauty, as opposed to awkwardness-are the principal marks of good action. Beauty belongs to objects of sight. Action should be easy, natural, varied, and directed by passion. Avoid affectation and display; for they disgust. The best artists are famous for simplicity, which has an enchanting effect. Profuse decorations indicate a wish to cupply the want of genius by multiplying inferi-head, pain; on the breast-affection, or appeal to or beauties. There is in every one an indiscribable something, which we call nature, that perceives and recognizes the inspirations of nature; therefore, after bringing your voice under Anecdote. Tyrolese Songs. In the your control, if you enter fully into the spirit of the composition, and let your feelings prompt children-come out, at bed-time, and sing mountains of Tyrol, hundreds of women and and govern your action, you cannot greatly err. The victory is half won when you fully feel and their national songs, until they hear their husrealize what you read or speak. Resolve to ac-bunds, fathers, and brothers, answer them quire the power, the witchery, the soul of elocution-that lightning of ancient times which poured a blaze of light on the darkest understanding, and that thunder which awakens the dead.

They never fail-who die

In a great cause: the block-may soak their gore:
Their heads-may sodden in the sun; their limbs
Be strung to city gates-and castle walls-
But still their spirit walks abroad. Tho' years
Elapse, and others-share as dark a doom,
They but augment the deep and swelling thoughts
Which overpower all others, and conduct
The world, at last, to FREEDOM.

conscience: elevated--defiance; both raised and palms united -- supplication; gently clasped thankfulness; wrung-agony.

from the hills on their return home. Upon the shore of the Adriatic, the wives of the fishermen come down, about sunset, and sing one of their melodies. They sing the first verse, and then listen-for sometime: then they sing a second; and so on, till they hear the answer from the fishermen, who are thus guided to their homes.

Hail memory, hail! in thy exhaustless mine, From age-to age, unnumbered treasures shine! Thought, and her shadowy brood, thy call obey, And place, and time, are subject to thy sway! Thy pleasures most we feel, when most alone, The only pleasures we can call our own. 570. This system teaches you to harmon-Lighter than air, Hope's summer visions fly, ize matter and manner, to imbibe the author's If but a fleeting cloud obscure the sky; feelings, to bring before you all the circum- If but a beam of sober Reason play, stances, and plunge amid the living scenes, and feel that what you describe is present, and Lo! Fancy's fairy frost-work melts away: actually passing before you. Speak of truths But, can the wiles of art, the grasp of power, as truths, not as fictions. Give the strongest, Snatch the rich relics of a well-spent hour? freest, truest expression of the natural blend- These, when the trembling spirit takes her flight, ings of thought and emotion; break thro' all Pour round her path a stream of living light, arbitrary restraint, and submit, after proper And gild those pure and perfect realms of rest, trainings, to the suggestions of reason and Where VIRTUE--triumphs, and her sons are blest, nature. Let your manner be earnest, collected, vigorous, self-balanced. In the introduction, be respectful, modest, conciliatory, winning, rather mild and slow; in the discussion, clear, energetic; in the application, animated, pathetic, persuasive.

All--some force obey!
Gold-will dissolve, and diamonds-melt away;
Marble-obeys the chisel, and the saw;
And solar-beam-a rock of ice will thaw;
The flaming forge o'ercomes well-temper'd steel;
And flinty glass--is fashioned at the wheel:
But man's rebellious heart-no power can bend,
No flames can soften, no concussion--rend;
Till the pure spirit soften, pierce and melt,
And the warm blood-is in the conscience felt.

571. Look your hearers in the face--give yourself, body and soul, to the subject-let not the attention be divided between the manner and matter. Practice in private to establish correct habi's of voice and gesture, and become so familiar with all rules as not to think of them when exercising. The head, face. eyes, hands, and upper part of the body are principally employed in oratorical action. The soul speaks most intelligibly in the muscles of the face, and through the eye, which is the chief seat of expression; let the internal man, and the external

Varieties. 1. Costume, when once regulated by true science, and art, remains in unchangable good taste; comfortable, convenient, as well as picturesque and becoming. 2. In 1756, a white headed old woman--died in London, whose hair sold for 244 dollars to a ladies' periwig maker. 3. In some countries, intellect has sway; in some-wealth; and in others beauty and rank; but the most powerful influence in the best societies, is goodness combined with truth in practice. 4. Merit-in the inheritor, alone makes valid an inheritance of glory in ancestry. 5. Why does new sweet milk become sour-during a thunder storm? 6. Why can no other nation make a Chinese gong? 7. Is not the American government founded upon the true principles of human nature? 8. How prone many are, to worship the creature more than the Creator! 9. When apparent truths are taken, and confirmed for real ones, they become fallacies. 10. Actions -show best the nature of the law of life; and deeds— show the mun.

In all thy bumors, whether grave or mellow,
Thou'rt such a touchy, testy, pleasant fellow; [thee,
Hast so much wit, and mirth, and spleen about
That there's no living with thee, or without theo.

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