50. It is not the quantity read, but the manner of reading, and the acquisition of correct and efficient rules, with the ability to apply them, accurately, gracefully, and involuntarily, that indicate progress in these arts: therefore, take one principle, or combination of principles, at a time, and practice it till the object is accomplished: in this way, you may obtain a perfect mastery over your vocal powers, and all the elements of language. Proverbs. 1. Away goes the devil when the door is shut against him. 2. A liar is not to be believed when he speaks the truth. 3. Never speak ill of your neighbors. 4. Constant occupation, prevents temptation. 5. Courage-ought to have eyes, as well as ears. 6. Experience— keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other. 7. Follow the wise few, rather than the foolish many. 8. Good actions are the best sacrifice. 9. He who avoids the temptation, avoids the sin. 10. Knowledge-directs practice, yet 51. The third sound of U is Full practice increases knowledge. PULL; cru-el Bru-tus rued the crude fruit bruised for the pudding; the pru-dent ru-ler wounded this youth-ful cuck-oo, because he would, could, or should not im-brue his hands in Ruth's gru-el, pre-par'd for a faith-ful [U in FULL] dru-id; the butch-er's bul-let push-ed poor puss on the sin-ful cush-ion, and graceful-ly put this tru-ant Prus-sian into the pul-pit for cru-ci-fix-ion. 52. Avoid rapidity and indistinctness of utterance; also, a drawling, mincing, harsh, mouthing, artificial, rumbling, monotonous, whining, stately, pompous, unvaried, wavering, sleepy, boisterous, labored, formal, faltering, trembling, heavy, theatrical, affected, and self-complacent manner; and read, speak, sing, in such a clear, strong, melodious, flexible, winning, bold, sonorous, forcible, round, full, open, brilliant, natural, agreeable, or mellow tone, as the sentiment requires; which contains in itself so sweet a charm, that it almost atones for the absence of argument, sense, and fancy. Duties. Never cease to aval yourself of information: you must observe closelyread attentively and digest what you read,converse extensively with high and low, rich and poor, noble and ignoble, bond and free,— meditate closely and intensely on all the knowledge you acquire, and have it at perfect command. Obtain just conceptions of all you utter-and communicate every thing in its proper order, and clothe it in the most agreeable and effective language. Avoid all redundancy of expression; be neither too close, nor too diffuse, and, especially, be as perfect as possible, in that branch of oratory, which Demosthenes declared to be the first. second, and third parts of the science,―ac tion,-god-like ACTION,-which relates to every thing seen and heard in the orator. Elocution,-enables you, at all times, to command attention: its effect will be electric, and strike from heart to heart; and he must be a mere declaimer, who does not feel hirs self inspired-by the fostering meed of such approbation as mute attention, and the re 53. Irregulars. Ew, O, and Oo, occa-turn of his sentiments, fraught with the sym sionally have this sound: the shrewd wopathy of his audience. man es-chewed the wolf, which stood pul- Varieties. 1. Have steamboats-been ling Ruth's wol-sey, and shook Tru-man the occasion of more evil, than good? 2. Wor-ces-ter's crook, while the brew-er and Those that are idle, are generally troublesome his bul-ly crew huz-za'd for all; you say it to such as are industrious. 3. Plato saye is your truth, and I say it is my truth; you God is truth, and light—is his shadow. 4. may take care of your-self, and I will take Mal-information-is more hopeless than noncare of my-self. Notes. 1. Beware of omitting vowels occurring between ersonants in unaccented syllables: as hist'ry, for his-to-ry; lit'ral for lil-e-ral; votry, for vo-ta-ry; pastral, for pas-to-ral; numb'ring, for nura-ber-ing; corp'ral, for cor-po-ral; genral, for gen-e-ral; mem'ry, for mem-o-ry, &c. Do not pronounce this sound of u like oo in boon, nor like u in mute; but like u in full: as, chew, not choo, &c. 2. The design of the practice on the forty-four sounds of our letters, each in its turn, is, besides developing and training the voice and ear for all their duties, to exhibit the general laws and analogies of pronunciation, showing how a large number of werds should be pronounced, which are often spoken incorrectly. information; for error-is always more diffib. He, cult to overcome than ignorance. that will not reason, is a bigot; he, that can not reason, is a fool; and he, who dares not reason, is a slave. 6. There is a great diflerence between a well-spoken man and an orator. 7. The Word of God-is divine, and, in its principles, infinite: no part can really contradict another part, or have a meaning Anecdote. Stupidity. Said a testy law-opposite-to what it asserts as true; although ver,—“I believe the jury have been inocula- it may appear so in the letter: for the letter red for stupidity." "That may be,” replied killeth; but the spirit—giveth life. nus opponent; "but the bar, and the court, are of opinion, that you had it the natural way." ( there are hours, aye moments, that contain They are sleeping! Who are sleeping One remains, that slumber deep; 54. A Diphthong, or double sound, is the Proverbs. 1. Home is home, if it be ever sa union of two vowel sounds in one syllable, homely. 2. It is too late to complain when a thing pronounced by a single continuous effort of is done. 3. In a thousand pounds of law, there is the voice. There are four diphthongal not an ounce of love. 4. Many a true word is sounds, in our language; long i as in isle; spoken in jest. 5. One man's meat is another oi, in oil; the pure, or long sound of u in man's poison. & Pride, perceiving humility – lure, and ou in our; which include the same HONORABLE, often borrows her cloke. 7. Saysounds under the forms of long y in rhyme; well-is good; but do-well-is better. 8. The oy in coy; of ew in pew; and ow in how. eye, that sees all things, sees not itself. 9. The These diphthongs are called pure, because crow-thinks her own birds the whitest. 10. The they are all heard; and in speaking and tears of the congregation are the praises of the singing, only the radical, (or opening full-minister. 11. Evil to him that evil thinks. 12. ness of the sound,) should be prolonged, or Do good, if you expect to receive good. of sung. 55. Diphthongs. Oi and Oy: OIL, broil the joint of loin in poi-son and oint-ment; spoil not the oysters for the hoy-den; the boy pitch-es quoits a-droit-ly on the soil, and sub-joins the joists to the pur-loins, and em-ploys the de-stroy'd toi-let to soil the reser-voir, lest he be cloy'd with his me-moirs. [OI in OIL.] Our Food. The laws of man's const.tu tion and relation evidently show us, that the plainer, simpler and more natural our food is, the more pefectly these laws will be ful filled, and the more healthy, vigorous, and long-lived our bodies will be, and consequently the more perfect our senses will be, and the more active and powerful may the intel lectual and moral faculties be rendered by should eat grass, like the ox, or confine our cultivation. By this, is not meant that we selves to any one article of food: by simple food, is meant that which is not compounded, and complicated, and dressed with pungent stimulants, seasoning, or condiments; such kind of food as the Creator designed for us, and in such condition as is best adapted to our anatomical and physiological powers. Some kinds of food are better than others, and adapted to sustain us in every condition; Notes. 1. The radical, or root of this diphthong, com- and such, whatever they may be, (and we mences nearly with 3d a, as in all, and its vanish, or terminating should ascertain what they are,) should conpoint, with the name sound of e, as in cel; the first of which is institute our sustenance: thus shall we the dicated by the engraving above. 2. Avoid the vulgar pronunciation of ile, for oil; jice, for joist; pint, for point; bile, for boil; jent, for jount; hist, for hoist; spile, for spoil; quate, for quoit; pur-line, for pur-loin; pi-zen, for poi-son; brile, for broil; clyde, for cloyed, &c.: this sound, especially, when given with the jaw 56. The late Mr. Pitt, (Lord Chatham,) was taught to declaim, when a mere boy; and was, even then, much admired for his talent in recitation: the result of which was, that his ease, grace, power, self-possession, and imposing dignity, on his first appearance in the British Parliament, "drew audience and attention, still as night;" and the irresistible force of his action, and the power of his eye, carrried conviction with nis arguments. much dropped, and rounded lips, has in it a captivating nobleness; but beware of extremes. 3. The general rule for pronouncing the vowels is--they are open, continuous, or long, when final in accented words and syllables; as a-ble, father, aw-ful, me-tre, bible, are shut, discrete, or short, when followed in the same syllable by a cousonant; as, ap-ple, sev-er, lit-tle, pot-ter, but-ton, sym-pa-thy. Examples of exceptions--ale, are, all, file, note, tune, &c. 4. Another general rule is-a vowel followed by two consonants, that are repeated in the pronunciation, is short: as, mat-ter, ped-kar, noble, moo-ted, tu-mult, bu-tal, poi-son, ou-ter-most; but they hi ter, but-ler, &c. more perfectly fulfil the laws of our being, and secure our best interests. Varieties. 1. Was Eve, literally, made out of Adam's rib? 2. He is doubly a conqueror, who, when a conqueror, can conquer himself. 3. People may be borne down by oppression for a time; but, in the end, vengeance will surely overtake their oppres Sors. 4. It is a great misfortune-not to be able to speak well; and a still greater one. not to know when to be silent. 5. In the hours of study, acquire knowledge that will be useful in after life. 6. Nature-reflects the light of revelation, as the moon does that of the sun. 7. Religion is to be as much like God, as men can be like him: hence, there is nothing more contrary to Anecdote. The king's evil. A student of medicine, while attending medical lectures in London, and the subject of this evil being on hand, observed that the king's evil had been but little known in the Unit-religion, than angry disputes and conten ed States, since the Revolution. They are sleeping! Who are sleeping } Gems and pearls-of price untold. tions about it. The pilgrim fathers-where are they? The waves, that brought them o'er, By reason, man-a Godhead can discern: 57. There are no impure diphthongs or Proverbs. 1. As you make your bed, so must triphthongs, in which two or three vowels you lie in it. 2. Be the character you would be represent, or unite, in one sound; for all are called. 3. Choose a calling, th❜t is adapted to your silent except one; as in air, aunt, awl, piara, inclination, and natural abilities. 4. Live-and steal, lead, curtain, soar, good, your, cough, let live; i. e. do as you would be done by. 5 feu-dal, dun-geon, beau-ty, a-dieu, view-ing. Character-is the measure of the man. 6. ZealThese silent letters, in connection with the ously keep down little expenses, and you will vocals, should be called di-graphs and tri- not be likely to incur large ones. 7. Every one graphs; that is, doubly and triply written: knows how to find fault. 8. Fair words and they sometimes merely indicate the sound foul play cheat both young and old. 9. Give a of the accompanying vowel, and the deriva-dog an ill name, and he will soon be shot 19. He tion of the word. Let me beware of believ- knows best what is good, who has endured erti. ing anything, unless I can see that it is true: 11. Great pains and little gains, soon make may and for the evidence of truth, I will look at the truth itself. weary. 12. The fairest rose will wither at last. Cause and Effect. The evils, which of all parties and all classes. They have been produced by over-banking, over-trading, over-spending, over-dashing, over-driving, over-reaching, over-borrowing, overeating, over-drinking, over-thinking, overmoun-tains; the gou-ty Gl [OU in OUR] playing, over-riding, and over-acting of crouched in his tow-er, and the scowl-ing every kind and description, except over cow bowed down de-vout-ly in her bow-er; working. Industry is the foundation of so the giour (jower) en-shroud-ed in pow-er,ciety, and the corner-stone of civilization. en-dow-ed the count's prow-ess with a renown'd trow-el, and found him with a stout gown in the coun-ty town. 58. Diphthongs; Ou, and Ow: OUR; afflict the country, are the joint productions Mr. Brown wound an ounce of sound a-round a cloud, and drowned a mouse in pound of sour chow-der; drow-sy mouse de-vour'd a house and howl'd a pow-wow a-bout the a Recipients. We receive according to our states of mind and life: if we are in the love and practice of goodness and truth, we be59. Demosthenes, the Grecian orator, come the receivers of them in that propor paid many thousands to a teacher in Elocution; but if otherwise, we form receptacles tion; and Cicero, the Roman orator, after of their opposites,-falsity and evil. When having completed his education, in other respects, spent two whole years in recitation, we are under heavenly influences, we know under one of the most celebrated tragedi that all things shall work together for our ans of antiquity. Brutus declared, that he happiness; and when under infernal influ would prefer the honor, of being esteemed ences, they will work together for our mis. the master of Roman eloquence, to the glo-ery. Let us then choose, this day, whom we ry of many triumphs. 60. Notes. 1. Ou and ou are the only representatives if this diphthongal sound; the former generally in the middle st worde, and the latter at the end: in blow, show, and low, w is silent. 2. There are 12 mono-thongal vowels, or single voice sounds, and 4 diph-thongal vowels, or double voice sounds: these are heard in isle, tune, oil and out. 5. There is a very incorrect and offensive sound given by some to this diphthong, particularly the Northern states, in consequence of drawing the corners of the mouth back, and keeping the teeth too close, while pronouncing ; it may be called a flat, nasal sound: in song it is worse than in speech. It may be represented as follows-keou, neo, nin, pecur, deoun, keounty, shower, &c. Good natured, laughing people, living in cold climates, where they wish to keep the mouth nearly closed, when talking, are often guilty of this vulgarity. It may be avoided by opening the mouth wide, projecting the under jaw and making the sound deep in the throat. Anecdote. Woman as she should be. A young woman went into a public library, in a certain town, and asked for "Man as he is." "That is out, Miss," said the librarian; "but we have 'Woman as she should be.' She [ones Where the brave chieftains-where the mighty Who flourish'd in the infancy of days? will serve; and then shall we know-where in consists the art of happiness, and the art of misery. Varieties. 1. Is not the single fact, that the human mind has thought of another world, good proof that there is one? 2. Toleration-is good for all, or it is good for | none. 3. He who swallows up the substance of the poor, will, in the end, find that it contains a bone, which will choke him. 4. The greatest share of happiness is enjoyed by those, who possess affluence, without sta perfluity, and can command the comforts of life, without plunging into its luxuries. 5. Do not suppose that every thing is gold, which glitters; build not your hopes on a sandy into two great classes, agitators and the nonfoundation. 6. The world seems divided agitators: why should those, who are estab lished on the immutable rock of truth, fear agitation? 7. True humiliation-is a pear. of great price; for where there is no resist ance, or obstacle, there,—heaven, and its in• fluences must enter, enlighten, teach, purify, create and support. The only prison, th❜t enslaves the soul, 39. Reading-by vowel sounds only, is Proverbs. 1. A man is no better for liking analagous to singing by note, instead of by himself, if nobody else likes him. 2. A white word. This is an exceedingly interesting glove often conceals a dirty hand. 3. Better pass and important exercise: it is done, simply, at once, than to be always in danger. 4. Misunby omitting the consonants, and pronounc-derstandings-are often best prevented, by pea ing the vowels, the same as in their respec- and ink. 5. Knowledge is treasure, and memory tive words First, ronounce one or more words, and then re-pronounce them, and leave off the consonants. The VOWELS Constitute the ESSENCE of words, and the coNSONANTS give that material the proper FORM. 60 All the vowel sounds, thrice told, James Parr; Hall Mann; Eve Prest; Ike Sill; O'd Pool Forbs; Luke Munn Eull; Hoyle Prout-ate palms walnuts apples, peaches melons, ripe figs, cocoas goosberries hops, cucumbers prunes, and boiled sour-crout, to their entire satisfaction. Ale, ah, all, at; eel, ell; isle, ill; old, ooze, on; mute, up, full; oil, ounce. Now repeat all these vowel sounds consecutively,: A, A, A, A; E, E; I, I; 0, 0, 0; U, U, U; Oi. Ou. 61. Elocution-comprehends Expulsion of Sound, Articulation, Force, Time, Pronunciation, Accent, Pauses, Measure and Melody of Speech, Rhythm, Emphasis, the Eight Notes, Intonation, Pitch, Inflexions, Circumflexes. Cadences, Dynamics, Modulation, Style, the Passions, and Rhetorical Action. Reading and Speaking are inseparably connected with music; hence, every step taken in the former, according to this system, will advance one equally in the latter for Music is but an elegant and refined species of Elocution. is the treasury. 6. Crosses-are ladders, leading to heaven. 7. Faint praise, is disparagement 8. Deliver me from a person, who can talk only on one subject. 9. He who peeps throgh a keyhole may see what will ve him. 10. Hf shrewd men play the fooi, they do it with a vengeance. 11. Physicians rarely take medicines. 12. Curses, like chickens, generally come home to roost. was instigated to propose war against the Anecdote. A get-off. Henry the Fourth Protestants, by the importunity of his Parliament; whereupon, he declared that he would make every member a captain of a company in the army: the proposal was then unanimously negatived. Contrasts. Our fair ladies laugh at the Chinese ladies, for depriving themselves of the use of their feet, by tight shoes and bandages, and whose character would be ruined in the estimation of their associates, if they were even suspected of being able to walk :-while they, by the more danger. ous and destructive habits of tight-lacing, destroy functions of the body far more im portant, not only to themselves, but to their quite as taper-waisted, and almost as mus offspring; and whole troops of dandies, culine as their mothers, are the natural results of such a gross absurdity. If to be admired-is the motive of such a custom, it is a most paradoxical mode of accomplish. 62. CERTAIN VOWELS TO BE PRONOUNCED ing this end; for that which is destructive SEPARATELY. In reading the following, be of health, must be more destructive of beau very deliberate, so as to shape the sounds per-ty-that beauty, in a vain effort to preserve fectly, and give each syllable clearly and dis- which, the victims of this fashion have detinctly; and in all the ex-am-ples, here and voted themselves to a joyless youth, and a elsewhere, make those sounds, that are obpremature decrepitude, jects of attention, very prominent. Ba-al, the o-ri-ent a-e-ro-naut and cham-pi-on of fier-y scor-pi-ons, took his a-e-ri-al flight into the ge-o-met-ri-cal em-py-re-an, and dropped a beau-ti-ful vi-o-let into the Ap-pi-i Forum, where they sung hy-me-ne-al re-quiems; Be-el-ze-bub vi-o-lent-ly rent the va-rie-ga-ted di-a-dem from his zo-o-log-i-cal crani-um, and placed it on the Eu-ro-pe-an geni-i, to me-li-o-rate their in-cho-ate i-de-a of cu-ring the pit-e-ous in-val-ids of Man-tu-a and Pom-pe-i, with the tri-en-ni-al pan-a-ce-a of no-ol-o-gy, or the lin-e-a-ment of a-ri-es. Varieties. 1. Is it best to divulge the truth to all, whatever may be their state of mind and life? 2. A good tale-is never the worse for being twice told. 3. Those who do not love any thing, rarely experience great enjoy. ments; those who do love, often suffer deep, griefs. 4. The way to heaven is delightful to those who love to walk in it; and the difficulties we meet with in endeavoring to keep it, do not spring from the nature of the way, but from the state of the traveler. 5. He, who wishes nothing, will gain nothing. 6. It is good to know a great deal; but it is better to make a good use of what we do know. 7. Every day-brings forth something for the mind to be exercised on, either of a mental, or external character; and to be faithful in their vanishes, 2. Preventives and curatives of incipient disease, it, and acquit ourselves with the advantage nay be found in these principles, positions and exercises. Notes. 1. The constituent diphthongal sounds of I are near. le 34 a. and Iste; those of u, approach to 2d e, and 2d or those of oi, to 3d a, and 21 i; and those of ou to 3d o, and 2do: make and Analyze them, and observe the funnel shape of the lips, which change with the changing sounds in passing from the radicals to derived thereby, is both wisdom and duty Notes. 1. In Song, as well as in Speech, the Articulation Pitch, Force, and Time, must be attended to; i. e. in both arta, mas ter the right form of the elements, the degree of elevation and de pression of the voice, the kind and degree of loudness of soda, found in speaking. and their duration: there is nothing in singing that may not be 03. Elocution and Music being inseparable in their nature, every one, of cominon organization, whether aware of it, or not, uses all the elements of Music in his daily intercourse with society. When we call to one at a distance, we raise the voice to the upper pitches: when to one near by, we Anecdote. Musical Pun. A young Mudrop it to the lower pitches; and when at a sician, remarkable fo his modesty and sinmedium distance, we raise it to the middle cerity, on his first appearance before the pubpitches: that is, in the first case, the voice lic, finding that he could not give the trills, is on, or about the eighth note: in the sec-effectively, assured the audience, by way of ond, on, or about the first note: and in the apology, "that he trembled so, that he could last place, on, or about the third or fifth not shake. note. In commencing to read or speak in public, one should never commence above his fifth note, or below his third note: and, to ascertain on what particular pitch the lowest natural note of the voice is, pronounce the word awe, by prolonging it, without feeling; and to get the upper one, sound eel, strongly. Proverbs. 1. A word-is enough to the wise. 2. It is easier to resist our bad passions at first, than afte indulgence. 3. Jokes-are bad coin to all but the jocular. 4. You may find your worst enemy, or best friend—in yourself. 5. Every one has his hobby. 6. Fools-have liberty to say what they please. 7. Give every one his due. 64. Vocal Music. In the vowel sounds 8. He who wants content, cannot find it in an of our language, are involved all the ele-easy chair. 9. Ill-will never spoke well. 10. ments of music; hence, every one who Lawyer's gowns are lined with the wilfulness of wishes, can learn to sing. These eight their clients. 11. Hunger-is an excellent sauce. vowels, when naturally sounded, by a de- 12. I confide, and am at rest. veloped voice, will give the intonations of the notes in the scale, as follows, commencing at the bottom. lat e in eel, 8 -0 C note O-8-la-High. 1st 1 in Isle, 7-0 Half tone. True Wisdom. All have the faculty given them of growing wise, but not equally wise: by which faculty is not meant the ability to reason about truth and goodness from the sciences, and thus of confirming whatever any one pleases; but that of discerning what is true, choosing what is suitable, and applying it to the various uses of life. He is not the richest man, who is able to comprehend all about making money, and can count millions of dollars; but he, who Gnote O-5-la-Medium. is in possession of millions, and makes a proper use of them. 2do in ooze, 6 0-A note Tone. 4th a in at, 4 1st a in ale, 3 2d a in ar, 2 Tone. 0-F note Varieties. 1. Does not life-beget life, and death-generate death? 2. The man, who is always complaining, and bewailing O-Enote O-3-la-Medium. his misfortunes, not only feeds his own mis Half tone. Tone. 0-D noteTone. 3d a in all, 1 O-C note 0-1-la-Low. 65. This Diatonic Scale of eight notes, (though there are but seven, the eighth being a repetition of the first,) comprehends five whole tones, and two semi, or half tones. An erect ladder, with seven rounds, is a good representation of it; it stands on the ground, or floor, which is the tonic, or first note; the first round is the second note, or supertonic; the second round is the third note, or mediant; the third round, is the fourth note, or subdominant; between which, and the second round, there is a semitone; the fourth round is the fifth note, or dominant; the fifth round is the sixth note, or submediant; the sixth round is the seventh note, or subtonic; and the seventh round is the eighth note, or octave. Keep one consistent plan-from end-to end. 4. ery, but wearies and disgusts others. 3. Walk with thy fellow creatures: note the husk |