5. Alms 129. Distinctness of articulation demands Proverbs. 1. It is not the burthen, but the special attention, and requires that you should over-burthen, that kills the beast. 2. The death pronounce the vocal letters, as well as every of youth is a shipwreck. 3. There is no dis, utword, audibly an correctly, giving to each ing of tastes, appetites, and fancies. 4. When the its appropriate force and quantity. Unless for preaches, let the geese beware. these principles are perfectly understood, giving-never made a man poor; nor robberyyour future acquirements will be more or rich; nor prosperity-wise. 6. A lie, begets a lie, less faulty: for, in proportion as one is ig-till they come to generations. 7. Anger-is often norant of what ought to be felt, thought, and done, will he be liable to err. more hurtful than the injury that caused it. & Better late ripe, and bear, than blossom, and blast. 9. Experience-is the mother of science. 10. He 130. N has two sounds; first its name that will not be counselled, can not be helped. sound: NINE; the land-man's nin-ny, neg-li-gent of the huntsman's en-chant-ments, con-tami-nates the no-ble-man's nine 11. Expose one's evils, and he will either forsake them, or hate you for the exposure. 12. Do not hurry a free horse. 13. Every thing would live. Gradations. The dawn, the deep light, the sun-rise, and the blaze of day! what softness and gentleness! all is graduated, and yet, all is decisive. Again, observe how winter-passes into spring,-each pins with his an-ti-no-mi-an non- [N in NINE.] sense: Na-hant, and Flan-ni-gan, joint-tenants of nine-ty-nine Man-i-kins, u-nan-imous-ly en-chain with win-ning tones, the be-nig-nant du-en-na, while they are con-ven-weakened by the struggle; then, steals on ed to nom-i-nate con-di-ments for the so-cin1-an con-ven-tion of the non-res-i-dents; he knows his nose; I know he knows his nose : he said I knew he knows his nose: and if he says he knows I know he knows his nose, of course, he knows I know he knows his nose. the summer, which is followed by the maturity of autumn. Look also at the gradations and commingling of infancy, childhood, series! and all this may be seen-in the youth, manhood and age: how beautiful the successive developments of the human mind: sense is the rude germ, or crust of the fancy, which is the full-fledged bird, freed from its confinement and limited notices, ries of its new being; then, succeeds imagi and soaring aloft, unrestrained, in the luxu nation, a well regulated fancy, that emulates the work of reason, while it borrows the hues of its immediate parent and reason there is first sense, then fancy, imagination and reason,-each of which-is the 131. Some public speakers, in other re-ground, or continent, of all that succeed: spects inferior, from the ease, grace, dignity and power of their delivery, are followed and applauded; while others, however sound in matter, and finished in language, on account of their deficiency of manner, are passed by almost unnoticed. All experience teaches us the great importance of manner, as a means of inculcating truth, and persuading others to embrace it. Lord Bacon says, it is as necessary for a public speaker, as decorum for a gentleman. Notes. 1. This vocal nasal sound is made, by pressing the from passing through the mouth, and emitting all of it through the nose: see engraving. 2. In comparing sounds, be guided solely by the car; beware of going by sight in the science of accoustics. 3. Remember, when there is a change in the position of the organs, there is a corresponding change in the sounds. 4. In words where I and n precede ch, the sound of t intervenes in the pronunciation: fich, blanch, wench, inch, bench, &c. 5. Beware of omissions and additions; Boston notion, not Boston ocean. Regain either, Longue against the roof of the mouth, and thus preventing the sound : is the full and perfect development of all that sense originally contain'd, fancy-decorated, and imagination-designed-in a thousand forms: thus reason-combines the whole, and from the whole, thro' the light of the Supreme Mind, deduces her conclusions: thus, shall the gradations, or series of developments, continue in the good, and the true to all eternity! Varieties. vened-between the discovery of the mar- A villain, when he most seems kind, 6. 3. He that 132. Be perfectly distinct in your articu- Proverbs. 1. A miss, is as good as a mile. fation, or you cannot become an easy, grace-2. A man is a lion in his own cause ful, effective and natural elocutionist; there fore, practice on the vowels and consonants, as here recommended, separately and combined. If your utterance is rapid, and indistinct, your reading and speaking, will not be listened to with much pleasure, or profit. A hint-to those who would be wise, is suf-will not, two cannot quarrel. 9. Words from the ficient. 133. The second sound of N, is that of Ng, before hard g, and often before hard c, k and q under the accent. BANK; con-gress conquers the strang-ling don-key, has too many irons in the fire, will find that some 6. He, who deals with a blockhead, has need of much brains. mouth, die in the cars; but words from the heart -stay there. 11. Young folks-think old folks fools; but old folks know that young ones are. 11. First know what is to be done, then do it. 12. The tongue, without the heart, speaks an unknown tongue. 13. Remember the reckoning. and sanc-tions the lank con-clave [N in BANK.) The three essentials-of every exist in punc-til-ious con-course: the san-guine ence are an inmost, a middle and an outmost: un-cle, anx-ious to ling-er much longer i. e. an end, a cause, and an effect: the end among the tink-ling in-gots, jin-gles his rin-is the inmost, the cause is the middle, and kled fin-ger over the lin-guist's an-gu-lar the effect the outmost, or ultimate. Ex. Man is one existence, and yet consists of a shrunk shanks. 134. The common mode of teaching elo-soul, or inmost principle, a body, or middle cution is considered the true one, because it has been so long admitted and practiced the old have become familiar with it, and follow it from habit, as their predecessors did; and the rising generation receive it on trust: thus, they pass on, striving to keep each other in countenance: hence it is, that most of our bad habits, in this important art, are born in the primary school, brought up in the academy, and graduated in the college; if we proceed so far in our education. Is not an entire revolution necessary. ciple. In his soul are ends, or motives to principle, and an activity, or ultimate prinaction; in his body are causes, or ways and means of action; and in his life are effects, or actions themselves: if either were wanting, he could not be a man: for, take away his soul, and his body would die for want of a first principle to live from; take away his body, and his soul could not act in the natural world, for want of a suitably organized instrument; take away his life, or the actisoul and body would cease to exist for lack vity of his body from his soul, and both of exercise. In other words, MAN consists 135. Irregulars. Ng have generally this of will, or inmost; understanding, or intersound. In cultivating and strength-en-ing mediate; and activity, or ultimate. It is the un-der-stand-ing, by stud-y-ing, read-ing, evident, that without willing, his underwriting, cy-pher-ing, and speak-ing, I am standing would never think, and devise think-ing of con-tend-ing for go-ing to sing-means of acting; and without understanding meet-ing; in re-lin-quish-ing your stand-ing, his will could not effect its purpose; ing in the crisp-ing fry-ing pan, by jump-ing and without action—that willing and undero-ver the wind-ing rail-ing, you may be sail- standing would be of no use. ing on the boil-ing o-cean, where the limp-ing Varieties. 1. The thief-is sorry he is her-rings are skip-ping, and danc-ing, around to be punished, but not that he is a thief. some-thing that is laugh-ing and cry-ing, 2. Some are atheists-only in fair weather. sleep-ing and wa-king, lov-ing and smi-ling. Notes. 1. This nasal diphthongal vocal consonant sound, may be made by drawing the tongue back, closing the passage from the throat into the mouth, and directing the sound through the nose; as in giving the name sound of N; it can be distinctly perceived by prolonging, or singing the ng sound in the word stng. 2 If the accent be on the syllable beginning with g and chard, and à, and q, the n may take its name sound; as, con-grat-u-late, orn-cur, con-clude, &c. 3. The three sounds of m and n, are the coninuous: the 1st, 3d, and 4th of e; the 2nd of f, the third of E, l, m, n, r, &c. are examples; others are abrupt or discrete; as, , d, p, à, t, &c.: so we have continuous sounds, (the long ones,) val y nasal ones in our language. 4. Some consonant sounds are and abrupt or discrete ones, (the short.) Anecdote. Equality. When Lycurgus, king of Sparta, was to reform and change the government, one advised him, that it Bould be reduced to an absolute popular equality: "Sir," said the lawgiver," begin it in your own house first. Lo-reckons hours-for months,-and days-for years; 3. Is the casket-more valuable than the THE FLIGHT OF YEARS. Gone! gone forever!-Like a rushing wave 136. In ancient Rome, an orator's education began in infancy; so should it be now; the seeds of eloquence may be sown, when the child is on the maternal bosom, the voice should be developed with the mind. If the child has good examples set him, in reading and speaking, and the youth is attentive to his every day language, and is careful to improve his mind and voice together, he will become a good elocutionist, without scarcely knowing it. Connection and associationhave as much to do with our manner of speaking, as with our cast of thinking. Proverbs. 1. He, who thinks he knows the most, knows the least. 2. Take every thing as it comes, and make the best of it. 3. Three removes are as bad as a fire. 4. Tread on a worm, and he will turn. 5. Two things we should never be angry at,-what we can, and what we cannot help. 6. When the bow is too much bent, it breaks. 7. A wise man-is a great wonder. 8 wicked man-is his own hell; and his evil lusts Blushing-is virtue's color. 10. Evil communiand passion the fiends that torment him. 9 cations corrupt good manners. 11. Gain-is uncertain, but the pain is sure. 12. Never court, unless you intend to marry. 137. P has but one sound: PAP; Amusements. Ever since the fall, pale, par, pall, pap; peep, pet; mankind have been prone to extremes; not pipe, pip; pope, pool, pop; only the religious, but the irreligious por pule, pup, puss; point, pound; tion of the world. It is greatly to be regretpeo-ple put pep-per in pep-perted, that we are all so much at the mercy box-es, ap-ple-pies in cup- [P in PAP.] of passion and prejudice, and so little-unboards, and whap-ping pap-poo-ses in wrap- telligence. In our creation, the Divine der the guiding influence of reason and inpers; the hap-py pi-per placed his peer-less Being-has manifested infinite love and inpup-py in Pom-pey's slop-shop, to be pur-finite wisdom: for we are made in chased for a peck of pap-py pip-pins, or a pound of pul-ver-iz-ed pop-pies; a pad-dy picked a peck of pick-led pep-pers, and put them on a broad brimed pew-ter plat-ter. 66 HIS IMAGE and LIKENESS;" the former, we still retain, but the latter, sad to relate, we have lost. The will, or voluntary principle of the mind, constitutes our impelling power, 138. MUSCLE BREAKERS. Peter Prickle and the understanding, or reasoning facul Prandle picked three pecks of prickly pears, ties, under the light of truth, is our govern from three prickly prangly pear trees: ifing power: if, therefore, we find ourselves then, Peter Prickle Prandle, picked three pecks of prickly pears from three prickly prangly pear trees; where are the three pecks of prickly pears, that Peter Prickle Prandle picked, from the three prickly prangly pear trees? Success to the successful prickly prangly pear picker. loving what is not good and true, our rationality, enlightened by wisdom, must be our guide. Hence, our rule is this; whatever amusements-tend to fit us for our va rious duties, and give us zest in faithfully performing them, are perfectly proper; but, amusements, whose tendency is the reverse of this, are entirely improper; and we should not hesitate a moment in abstaining from them, however they may be approved by others, or sanctioned by long usage: We must never compromise the interests of eternity for those transitory enjoyments of time and sense, which are at variance with the principles of truth and goodness. Both worlds are best taken care of, when they are cared for together, and each has its attention, according to its importance. Notes. 1. To give this aspirate labial, whisper the word pugh, (u short,) or pop out the candle; see the engraving: it is all of the word up, except the u: but the sound is not finished till the lips are separated, or the remaining breath exhaled: remember the remarks in reference to other abrupt elements. 2. The principal difference between b and p is, that b is a vocal, and p, only a breath sound. P, H, T, are called, by some, sharp mutes; and G, D, flat mutes 3. Germans find it difficult to pronounce certain vocal consonants at the ends of words, tho' correctly at the beginning: hence, instead of saying dog, mad, pod, &c. they say, at first, dok, mat, pot, &c. 4. In pronouncing, and t together, p is very apt to intervene ; as in Pam-ton &c. 5. P is silent in psal-ter, pshaw, pneu-mat-ics, Ptol-e-my, Psy-che, rasp-ber-ry, (3d a,) corps-to eat and drink; and there are others. Varieties. 1. There are some, who live o long,) re-ceipt, etc. 6. Not deaths, but depths; not clab-board, who eat and drink, to live. 2. The perfec but clap-board; not Ja-cop, but Ja-cob; not bab-tism, but baption of art is-to conceal the art: i. e. to be Anecdote. A Check. Soon after the the thing, instead of its representative. 3. attle of Leipsic, a wit observed," Bona- Let every one sweep the snow from his own art must now be in funds; for he has re-door, and not trouble himself about the frost ceived a check on the bank of the Elbe." ism; etc. Hidden, and deep, and never dry, Or flowing, or at rest, A living spring of love-doth lie In every human breast. All else-may fail, th't soothes the heart, All, save that fount alone; With that, and life, we never part; For life, and love-are one. He seemed For dignity composed,-and high ea ploit ; on his neighbor's tiles. 4. Galileo, the great Suspicion-always haunts the gralty mind; 139. Written language consists of letters, and, consequently, is more durable than spoken language, which is composed of articulate sounds. Our written alphabet contains twenty-six letters, which make syllables and words; words make sentences; sentences paragraphs, which make sections and chapters; these constitute an essay, discourse, address, oration, poem, dissertation, tract or cook: but our vocal alphabet has forty-four letters, or sounds, which make up the whole of spoken language. Proverbs. 1. He that is ill to himself, will be good to nobody. 2. The remedy-is worse than the disease. 3. Who is so deaf, as he that will not hear? 4. All vice infatuates and corrupts the judgment. 5. A fool, may, by chance, put something into a wise man's head. 6. After praying to God, not to lead you into temptation, do not throw yourself into it. 7. Evil gotten, evil spent. knows many things, is the wise man. 9. He8. He, that knows useful things, and not he that preaches well, that lives well. 10. It is always term time in the court of conscience. 11. We may be ashamed of our pride, but not proud of our 140. R has two sounds; first, its name shame. 12. Historical faith-precedes saving faith. 13. Stolen waters are sweet. sound; ARM; the bar-bers were, in former years, the ar-bi-ters of The True Christian Character. The the mur-der-ers of their fore-fathree essentials of a christian-are-a good thers. the Tar-tars are gar-blers will-flowing through a true understanding, of hard-ware and per-ver-ters of into a uniform life of justice and judgment. It is not enough, that we mean well, or the errors of North-ern-ers and [R in ARM.] South-ern-ers; the far-mers are dire search-intention is powerless, without truth to know our duty, or try to do right; for good ers after burnt ar-bors, and store the corners of their lar-ders with di-vers sorts of quar-ter dol-lars; Charles Bur-ser goes to the far-ther barn, and gets lar-ger ears of hard corn, for the car-ter's hor-ses. guide it aright; and truth-in the intellect alone, is mere winter-light, without the summer-heat of love to God-and love to man; and blundering efforts to do our duty are poor apologies for virtuous ener 141. Dr. Franklin says, (of the justly cel-gies, well directed and efficiently applied : ebrated Whitfield,) that it would have been fortunate for his reputation, if he had left no ritten works behind him; his talents would hen have been estimated by their effects: indeed, his elocution was almost faultless. But whence did he derive his effective manner? We are informed, that he took lessons of Garrick, an eminent tragedian of England, who was a great master in Nature's school of teaching and practicing this useful art. Notes. 1. To make this smooth vocal sound, pronounce the word arm, and dwell on the r sound; and you will perceive the same time drawn back a little. 2. Avoid omitting this letter, as it never is silent, except it is doubled in the same syllable; not that the tongue is turned gently to the roof of the mouth, and at staw-my, but stor-my; not lib-ah-ty, but lib-er-ty; not bust. but tians; i. e. our will, understanding and life, the three alone can constitute us true chrismust be brought into harmonious and efficient unity, in order that we may be entitled to this high and holy appellation. Things must not only be thought of, and desired, purposed, and intended; but they must be done, from love to the Lord; that He, as a principle of goodness, and a principle of truth-may be flowing, constantly, from the centre-to the circumference of actions. we must practice what we know of the truth; we must live the life of our heavenly Fa ther's commandments; so as to have his goodness and truth implanted in us, nat we may strive to walk before Elim, and become perfect. Varieties. 1. A certain apothecary-has burst; not waw-um, but warm; not a-gu-ment, but ar-gu-nent; over his door. this sign-" All kinds of dynot hosses, but hor-ses; not hand stawm, but hard storm; etc. 3. Re-ing stuff sold here." 2. Does wealth-exert member that short e and i before r, in the same syllable, when aceented, sound like short u, unless followed by another r, as mercy, (mer-it,) ser-geant, (ser-rate,) ter-ma-gant, (ter-ror,) mirth-ful, (mir-ror,) ver-ses, (ver-y) (here the r is re-echoed ;) and spirits, &c.: the exceptions are in parentheses: see p. 224, 4. Some words, (where e, i, and r, are peculiarly situated, as above,) have, in their Pronunciation, a reverberation, or repetition of the r, although there may be but one in the word; as-ver-y; being followed by a Towel. Anecdote. Who Rules? A schoolmas. ter, in ancient Rome, declared, that he ruled the world. He was asked to explain: which he did in the following manner. "Rome rules the world; the women rule those who govern Rome; the children control their mohers, and I rule the children." So-we grew together, more influence than knowledge? 3. A That have their dated hours, To breathe their momentary sweets, then go; Appearances-deceive; And this one maxim—is a standing rule,— 142. Many persons take great pains in their dress, to appear well and receive attention; and so far as personal appearance can exert an influence, they attain their end: but if they would cultivate their language, and the proper way of using it, so as not to deform themselves in reading and conversation, they might accomplish the object at which they aim. 143. The second sound of R, is rough, trilled, or burred; when it comes before vowel sounds in the same syllable: RAIL ROAD; the roa-ring rep-ro-bate re-ver be-rates his ran-cor-ous rib-ald- [R in RAIL.} Proverbs. 1. He, who resc Ives to amend, has God on his side. 2. Honest men are soon bound; but you can never bind a knave. 3. If the best man's faults were written on his forehead, it would make him pull his hat over his eyes. 4. Life is half spent, before we know what it is. 5. Of the two evils, choose the least. 6. one bad example spoils many good precepts. 7. Patience is a plaster for all sores. 8. He who serves well-need not be afraid to ask his wAXES. 9. If you will not hear reason, she will rap you over your knuckles. 10. Prayer-should be the key of the day, and the lock of the night. I. Foul water will quench fire. 12. From nothing -nothing can come. Anecdote. Spinster. Formerly, it was a maxim, that a young woman should never be married, till she had spun, herself, a full set of linen. Hence, all unmarried women have been called spinsters: an appellation they still retain in certain deeds, and law proceedings; though many are not entitled to it. Mathematics-includes the study of numbers and magnitudes: hence, it is called the science of gravity; and is applicable to all quantities, that can be measured-by a standard unit, and thus expressed by num ry and re-treats from his re-gal throne, to his ri-val rec-re-a-tion in the rook-e-ry: the oppro-bri-ous li-bra-ri-an, rec-re-ant-ly threw the great grid-i-ron among the crock-e-ry with ir-re-proach-a-ble ef-front-e-ry; the re-sults of which were, ro-man-tic dreams, bro-ken ribs, and a hun-dred prime cit-rons for the throng of cry-ing chil-dren: round and round the rug-ged rock the rag-ged ras-cal drags the strong rhi-noc-e-ros, while a rat in a rat-trap ran through the rain on a rail, with a raw lump of red liv-er in its mouth. 144. Written language-is used for com-bers and magnitude. Feeling and thought, municating information respecting persons distant from each other, and for transmitting, to succeeding ages, knowledge, that might otherwise be lost, or handed down by erring tradition. Spoken language-is used to convey the thoughts and feelings of those who are present, and are speaking, or conversing together: the former is, of course, addressed to our eyes, and the latter, to our ears; each kind having its own particular alphabet, which must be mastered. Notes. 1. This vocal trilled diphthongal sound, consists the aspirate sound of h, modified between the end of the tongue and the roof of the mouth, combined with a vocal. 2 Or, make the name sound of r, and mix it with the aspirate, by clapping the tongue against the roof of the mouth; practice prolonging her, or purr in a whisper, trilling the r, then add the voice sound; af terwards prefix the i, and exercise as above. 3. Demosthenes, in though they vary immensely, cannot be measured: we cannot say, with strict propriety, that we love one-exactly twice as much as another; nor, that one-is three times as wise as another: because love and wisdom are not mathematical quantities: but we can measure time by seconds, min-. utes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, and centuries; space by inches, feet, yards, rods, and miles; and motion, by the space passed over in a given time. Varieties. 1. Was the world created out of nothing? 2. Fools-draw false con clusions, from just principles: and mad men draw just conclusions, from false prin ciples. 3. The discovery of what is true, and the practice of what is good, are the two most important objects of life. 4. Associa the early part of his career, was reproached for not being able to tions-between persons of opposite tempera pronounce, correctly, the first letter of his favorite art-Rhetoric: i. c. he could not trill it for some time. 4. Give only one trill or ments, can neither be durable, nor producclap of the tongue, unless the sentiment be very animating; as-tive of real pleasure to either party. 5. Rise-brothers, rise! etc. "Strike! till the last armed foe ex- Where grace cannot enter, sin increases and abounds. 6. The spontaneous gifts of 145. Another. The riven rocks are heaven, are of high value; but perseverance rudely rent asunder, and the rifted trees-gains the prize. 7. When the will-berush along the river, while hoa-ry bo-re-as comes duly resigned to God, in small things, rends the robes of spring, and rat-tling thun- as well as great ones, all the affections will der roars around the rock-y re-gions: Robert be reduced into their proper state, in their Rowley rolled a round roll round; a round proper season. roll, Robert Rowley rolled round; where rolled the round roll, Robert Rowley rolled round? pares," Didst ever see Two gentle vines, each-round the other twined, The wretch, condemn'd with life to part, And every pang, that rends his heart, Hope, like the glimmering taper's light, |