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165. Vowel sounds are all formed in the Proverbs. 1. Youth-it dulges in hope old LARYNX; and, on their emission, the articu-age-in remembrance. 2. One half of the world ating organs modify them into words. delights in uttering slander, and the other-18 These words constitute language, which is hearing it. 3. Virtue-is the only true nobility. used, by common consent, as signs of ideas; 4. To bless, is to be bless'd. 5. Peasures-are or as mediums for the manifestation of rendered bitter, by being abused. 6. Quarrelswould not last long, if the faults all lay on ons thought and feeling it may be written, or side. 7. True merit-is dependent, neither on spoken; and the natural results are-books, season, nor on fashion. 8. Hypocrisy is the papers and conversation: by means of which, homage, which vice-renders to virtue. 9. The the conceptions and affections of human law-imposes on no one impossibilities. 10. Conminds are made known and perpetuated. tempt of injuries, is proof of a great mind. 11. What! hope for honey from a nest of wasps ? 12. Shall we creep like snails, or fly like eagles ?

166. Th have two sounds; first a lisping sound; THIN: a thief thirsteth for the path of death, and win-keth at his thank-less thefts, as the a-the-ist doth of the-o-ret-cal truth; forth-with the thrift- {TH in THIN.] less throng, threw thongs over the mouth of Frith of Fourth, and thwar-ted the wrath of the thrilling thun-der; faith, quoth the youth, to the Pro-thon-o-ta-ry, the bath is my berth, the hearth is my cloth, and the heath is my throne.

Anecdote. A stranger went into a church-yard, where two children were setting out flowers on some graves. "Whose graves are these?" said he. Father, mother, and little Johnny lie here." "Why do you set the flowers here ?" said the stranger. They looked at him with tears, and said— "We do love them so."

Human ambition and human policy-labor after happiness in vain;-goodness is the only foundation to build on. The wisdom observation confirms it;—and all the world of past ages-declares this truth;-our own acknowledge it;-yet how few, how very few-are willing to act upon it! If the in

167. Ventriloquism. In analyzing the gounds of our letters, and practicing them upon different pitches, and with different qualities of voice, the author ascertained that this amusing art can be acquired and prac-ordinate love of wealth-and parade-be not ticed, by almost any one of common organization. It has been generally supposed that ventriloquists possessed a different set of organs from most people; or, at least, that they were differently constituted; but this is altogether a misapprehension: as well might we say that the singer is differently constituted from one who does not sing. They have the same organs, but one has better command of them than the other. It is not asserted that all can become equally eminent in these arts; for there will be at least, three grand divisions; viz, good, BETTER and BEST.

168. The Thistle Sifter. Theophilus Thistle, the successful thistle sifter, in sifting a sieve full of unsifted thistles, thrust three thousand thistles thro' the thick of his thumb: if then Theophilus Thistle, the successful thistle sifter, in sifting a sieve full of unsifted thistles, thrust three thousand thistles thro' the thick of his thumb; see that thou, in sifting a sieve full of unsifted thistles, dost not thrust three thousand thistles through the thick of thy thumb: success to the successful thistle sifter, who doth not get the thistles in his tongue.

Notes. 1. To make this lisping diphthongal sound, press the tongue against the upper front teeth, and let the breath pass between them: or pronounce the word path, and dwell on the th sound; see engraving. 2. To avoid lisping, draw the tongue back so as not to touch the teeth, and take words beginning with s, or st; see the first sound of C for examples. 3. Why should this sound be called sharp, rather than dull? 4. Exactness in articulating every 70cal letter, is more important thar correct spelling in composi tion; for the former is addressed to hundreds at the same instant, while the latter aubru.tted to one or a few at a time.

nicious

checked among us, it will be the ruin of our country as it has been, and will be, the ruin of thousands of others. 'But there are always two sides to a question. If it is per-to make money and style. the and wrong-to foster prejudice against the standard of respectability, it is injuriouswealth-have different temptations; but they wealthy and fashionable. Poverty-and are equally strong. The rich-are tempted to pride-and insolence; the poor to jeal· ousy and envy. The envious and discontented poor, invariably become haughtyand over-bearing, when they become rich, for selfishness-is equally at the bottom-of these opposite evils.

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Varieties. 1. The battle of New Or leans, was fought Jan. 8th, 1815. 2. A flatterer, is the shadow of a fool. 3. You cannot truly love, and ought not to be loved, 5. Do men exert a greater influence on soyou ask any thing, that virtue condemns. ciety than women? 5. Self-exaitation, is the worst posture of the spirit. 6. A principle of unity, without a subject of unity, cannot exist. 7. Where is the wisdom, in saying to a child, be a man? Attempt not what God cannot countenance; but wait, and all things will be brought forth in their due season.

Deceit thy reign is short: Hypocrisy,
However gaily dress'd-in specious garb,
In witching eloquence, or winning smiles,
Allures-but for a time: Truth-lifts the vel.
She lights her torch, and places it on high,
To spread intelligence-to all around.
How shrinks the fawning slave-hypoeng
Then, when the specious veil-is rent in fuam,
Which screen'd the hideous monster-from our vieto

do

169. Enunciation-is the utterance and | Proverbs. 1. A promise performed, is precombination of the elements of language, and ferable to one ma je. 2. It will not always be the consequent formation of syllables, words, summer. 3. Make hay, while the sun shines. &c, as contradistinguished from the tones, 4. Cut your coat according to the cloth. 5. Pride and tuning of the voice, and all that belongs-costs us more than hunger, thirst, or cold. 6. to the melody of speech. A perfect enuncia- Never spend your money before you have it. 7. tion-consists in the accurate formation of Never trouble another, for what you can yourthe sounds of the letters, by right motions self. 8. Slanderers-are the Devil's bellows, to and positions of the organs, accompanied by is a lecture to the wise. blow up contention. 9. The loquacity of fools10. Vows made in a proper degree of energy, to impress those storms, are forgotten in calms. 11. We must fors elements fully and distinctly on the ear; and our characters for both worlds. 12. Progress the act of combining and linking those to- is the great law of our being. gether, so as to form them into words, capable of being again combined into clauses and sentences, for the full conveyance of our ideas and determinations.

A Puzzle. Here's a health to all those that we love; and a health to all those that love us; and a health to all them, that love those, that love them, that love them that love those that love us.

Anecdote. Half Mourning. A little girl, hearing her mother observe to another lady, that she was going into half mourning inquired, whether any of her relations were half dead?

What is Ours.

170. The second sound of th, is the vocal lisping: THAT; thou~-~ saidst the truths are thine, and the youths say they are theirs who walk therein; fath-er and mother bathe dai-ly, and their clothes and hearths are wor-thy (TH in THAT have riches in their possession, that are realIt is not those, who of them; broth-er says, where-with-al shall I ly rich; but they, who possess, and use them smoothe the scythe, to cut the laths to stop aright, and thereby enjoy them. Is he a the mouths of the moths with-out be-ing both-true christian, who has a Bible in his possesered? they gath-er wreaths be-neath the baths, sion, but does not live by the Bible? Is and sheathe their swords with swath-ing he a genuine christian, who reads, but does bands, rather than make a blith-some pother not understand the word, and, from underAs well may one 171. Jaw-breakers. Thou wreath'd'st standing, practice it? say, that they are rich, who have borrowed others in their possession. What do we money from others, or have the property of think of those, who go dressed in fine clothes. or ride in splendid carriages, while none of these things are their own property? Know ledges, or truths—stored up in the memory,· are not ours, really and truly, unless we reduce them to practice: they are like hearsays of great travelers, of which nothing more than the sound reaches us. Underderstanding and doing, or living accordingly. standing-does not make the man, but unThere must be an appropriation of knowledge and truth-by the affections, in deeds, or they are of no avail: 'Faith, without works, is dead:" the same principle applies to a society, and to a church.

and muzzl'd'st the far-fetch'd ox, and imprison'd'st him in the volcanic Mexican mountain of Pop-o-cat-a-petl in Co-ti-pax-i. Thou prob'd'st my rack'd ribs. Thou trifl'd'st with his acts, that thou black'n'st and contaminated'st with his filch'd character. Thou lov'd'st the elves when thou heard'st and quick'n'd'st my heart's tuneful harps. Thou wagg'd'st thy prop'd up head, because thou thrust'd'st three hundred and thirty three thistles thro' the thick of that thumb, that thou cur'd'st of the barb'd shafts.

Notes. 1. To make this diphthongal vocal sound, place the organs as in the preceding th, and then add the voice sound, which can be made only in the larynx. 2 The terms sharp and flat, as applied to sound, are not sufficiently definite; we might as well speak of square, round and dull sounds; at the same time it is often converfent to use such terms, in order to convey our ideas. 2. if you have imperfections of articulation, set apart an hour every day for practice, in direct reference to your specific defects; and of every other fault; particularly, of rapid utterance: this can ne dune either alone, or in company of those who can assist you.

Skv. mountains, rivers, winds, lakes, lightnings-Ye
With night, and clouds, and thunder, and a sord

To make these felt and feeling; the far roll

Of your departing voices-is the knell

Of what in me is sicepless-if I rest.

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Varieties. 1. Burgoyne-surrendered, Oct. 17, 1777, and Cornwallis, Oct. 19, '81. 2. Happy is that people whose rulers-rule in the fear of God. 3. Remember the past, consider the present, and provide for the fu ture. 4. He, who marries for wealth, sells his happiness for half price. 5. The covetous person is always poor. 6. If you would avoid wants, attend to every thing below you, around you, within you, and above you. 7. All the works of natural creation, are exhibited to us, that we may know the nature of the spiritual, and eternal; all things speak, and are a language.

He was not born--to shame;

Upon his brow-shame-is ashamed to sit;
For 'tis a throne, where honor-may be crowned
Sole monarch-of the unirersal earth.

Proverbs. 1. Self-exaltation—is the fool's paradise. 2. That, which is bitter to endure, inay be sweet to remember. 3. The fo: l-is busy in every one's business but his own. 4. We may give advice, but we cannot give conduct. Where reason―rules, appetite-obeys. 6. You will never repent of being patient and sober. 7. Zeal, without knowledge, is like fire without light.

5.

172. The chief source of indistinctness is precipitancy; which arises from the bad method of teaching to read: the child not being taught the true beauty and propriety of reading, thinks all excellence consists in quickness and rapidity: to him the prize seems destined to the swift; for he sets out at a gallop, and continues his speed to the end, regardless of how many letters, or sylla-Might-does not make right. 10. The greater bles, he omits by the way, or how many the man, the greater the crime. 11. No one lives words he runs together. "O reform it alto- for himself. 12. No one can tell how much he gether."

8. Law-makers, should not be law-breakers. 9.

can accomplish, till he tries.

Anecdote. Wine. Said a Rev. guest to a gentleman, with whom he was dining, and who was temperance, man: "I always think a certain quantity of wine does no harm, after a good dinner." "O no sir," replied mine host; "it is the uncertain quantity that does the mischief.

173. Wh have one sound; WHALE; wherefore are whet-stones made of whirl-winds, and whip-lashes of whirl-pools? Why does that whimsical whis-tler whee-dle the whip-por-wills with wheat? Whi-lom the wheels whipped [WHin WHIP.] the whif-fle-tree, and whir-tle-ber-ries were Winter Evenings. This seems prowhite-washed for wheat; the whim-per-ing vided, as if expressly for the purpose of whi-ning whelp, which the whigs whi-ten- furnishing those who labor, with ample oped on the wharf was whelmed into a whirl-portunity for the improvement of their minds. i-gig as a whim-wham for a wheel-barrow of whis-ky.

174. Causes of Hoarseness. Hoarseness, in speaking, is produced by the emission of more breath than is converted into sound; which may be perceived by whispering a few minutes. The reason, why the breath is not converted into sound, in thus speaking, is, that the thorax, (or lungs,) is principally used; and when this is the case, there is always an expansion of the chest, and consequently, a lack of power to produce sounds in a natural manner: therefore, some of the breath, on its emission through the glottis, over the epiglottis, and through the back part of the mouth, chafes up their surfaces, producing a swelling of the muscles in those parts, and terminating in what is called

hoarseness.

The severity of the weather, and the shortness of the day, necessarily limit the proportion of time, which is devoted to out-door industry; and there is little to tempt us abroad-in search of amusement. Every thing seems to invite us to employ an hour or two of this calm and quiet season, in the acquisition of useful knowledge, and the cultivation of the mind. The noise of life is hushed; the pavement ceases to resound with the din of laden wheels, and the tread of busy men; the glowing sun has gone down, and the moon and the stars are left to watch in the heavens, over the slumbers of the peaceful creation. The mind of man-should keep its vigils with them; and while his body-is reposing from the labors of the day, and his feelings are at rest from its excitements, he should seek, in some amusing and instructive page, substantial food-for the generous appetite for know ledge.

Notes. 1. This diphthongal aspirate may be easily made, ty whispering the imaginary word whu, (u short,) prolonging it a Varieties. 1. The poor-may be conlittle. 2. Since a diphthong is a double sound and a triphthong atent; and the contented are rich. 2. Hypotriple sound, there is as much propriety in applying the term to crisy desires to seem good, rather than to consonants, as to vowels. 3. Let the pupil, in revising, point out be good. 3. It is better to be beaten with all the Monothongs, Diphthongs, Triphthongs, and Polythongs. 4. few stripes, than with many stripes. 4. He Make and keep a list of all your deficiencies in speech and song, who swears, in order to be believed, does not and practice daily for suppressing them: especially, in articulation, and false intonations; and never rest satisfied unless you can per. know how to counterfeit a man of truth. 5. ceive a progress towards perfection at every exercise, for all Who was the greater monster, Nero, or Caprinciples are immortal, and should be continually developing taline? 6. Let nothing foul, or indecent, either to the eye, or ear, enter within the doors where children dwell. 7. We worship God best, and most acceptably, when we resemble him most in our minds, lives. and actions.

themselves.

How sleep the brave, who sink to rest
With all their country's wishes blest!
When Spring, with dewy fingers cold,
Returns to deck their hallow'd mould,
She there shall dress a sweeter sod
Than Fancy's feet have ever trod :
By Fairy hands-their knell is rung,
By forms unseen-their dirge is sung;
There-Honor comes, a pilgrim gray,
To bless the turf, that wraps their clay;
And Freedom-shall a while repair
Tc ¿well, a weeping hermit, there.

Home! how that blessed word-thrills the ear
In it-what recollections blend !

It tells of childhood's scenes sc dear,

And speaks-of many a cherished friend. O through the world, where'er we roam, Though souls be pure-and lips be kind; The heart, with fondness, turns to home, Still turns to those-it left behind.

175. The pupil, in Elocution and Music, is strongly urged to attend to the right and the wrong method of producing the sounds of our letters, as well as in enunciating words. By all means, make the effort entirely below the diaphragm, while the chest is comparatively quiescent; and, as you value health and life, and good natural speaking, avoid the cruel practice of exploding the sounds, by whomsoever taught or recommended. The author's long experience, and practice, with his sense of duty, justify this protest against that unnatural manner of coughing out the sounds, as it is called. Nine-tenths of his hundreds of pupils, whom he has cured of the Bronchitis, have induced the disease by this exploding process, which ought itself to be exploded.

Proverbs. 1. Truth-may be blamed, but 2. What soberness conceals, never shamed. drunkenness-reveals. 3. Be you ever so high, the law is above you. 4 A mob-has many heads, but no brains. 5. A poor man's debt makes a -are always medgreat noise. 6. Busy-bodies never the whiter, for dling. 7. Crows-are washing themselves. 8. Good words-cost nothing, and are worth much. 9. He, who pays well, is master of every-body's purse. 10. Our knowledge-is as the rivulet; our ignorance-af 11. Consider well, before you promise. 12. Dare to do right.

the sea.

Anecdote. Candor. A clergyman-onca preached, during the whole of Lent, in a parish, where he was never invited to dine, and, in his farewell sermon, he said to his hearers, "I have preached against every vice, except good living; which, I believe, forc, needed not my reproach." is not to be found among you; and, there

176. The 44 sounds of our Language, in their alphabetical order. A 4; Ale, are, Society owes All a Living. Every one all, at: B 1; bribe: C 4; cent, clock, suffice, must and will-find a livelihood; nor has ocean: D 2; did, fac'd: E 2; eel, ell: F 2; society the choice, whether or not to provide fife, of: G 3; gem, go, rouge: H 1; hope: for its members: for if an individual is not I 2; isle, ill: J1; judge: K1; kirk: L 1; put in a way to earn a living, he will seek lily: M 1; mum: N 2; nun, bank: 0 3; it by unlawful means: if he is not educuted old, ooze, on: P1; pipe: Q1; queen: R2;to lead a sober and industrious life, he will arm, rough: 84; so, is, sure, treasury: T2; pit, nation: U 3; mute, up, full: V1; vivud: W 2; wall, bow: X 3; flax, exist, beaux: Y 3, youth, rhyme, hymn: Z 2; zigzag, azure: Ch 3; church, chaise, chasm: Gh 3; laugh, ghost, lough: Ph 2; sphere, nephew: Th 2; thin, that: Wh 1; whale: Oi 1; oil: Ou 1; sound: the duplicates, or those hav-sistance. While, then, it has the power ing the same sound, are printed in italics.

177. "Bowels of compassion, and loins of the mind." In the light of the principles here unfolded, these words are full of meaning. All the strong affections of the human mind, are manifested thro' the dorsal and abdominal region. Let any one look at a boy, when he bids defiance to another boy, and challenges him to combat: "Come on, I am ready for you :" and at the soldier, with his loins girded for battle: also, observe the effect of strong emotions on yourself, on your body, and where; and you will be able to see the propriety of these words, and the world of meaning they contain. If we were pure minded, we should find the proper study of physiology to be the direct natural road to the mind, and to the presero of the DEITY.

Notes. 1. Make these 44 sounds, which constitute our rocal alphabet, as familiar to the ear, as the shapes of our 20 letters are to the eye; and remember, that success depends on Your mastery of them; they are the a, b, c, of spoken language; Lealth and voice. 2. Keep up the proper use of the whole body, and you need not fear sickness. 3. The only solid foundation for clocution is a perfect knowledge of the number and nature of these 44 ample elements: error here will carry a taint throughout.

Lad the effort to make them has a most beneficial effect on the

Virtue

Stands like the sun, and all, which rolls around,
Drinks life, and light, and glory-from her aspect.

lead a life of dissipation; and if society refuse to take care of him, in his minority, he will force it to notice him-as an object of self-defence. Thus, society cannot avoid giving a livelihood to all, whom providence has placed in its bosom; nor help devoting time and expense to them; for they are by birth, or circumstances, dependent on its as

to make every one-available as an honest, industrious and useful citizen, would it not be the best policy, (to say nothing of prin ciples,) to do so; and attach all to society, by ties of gratitude, rather than put them in a condition to become enemies; a condition in which it will be necessary to punish them

for an alienation, which is the natural consequence of destitution. Schools, founded on true christian principles, would, in the end, be much cheaper, and better than to support cur criminal code, by the prosecu tions, incident to that state, in which many come up, instead of being brought up; and the consequent expenses attending our houses of correction, penitentiaries, &c. (of which many seem to be proud,) on the score of public justice, but of which, on the score of christian love, we have reason to be deeply ashamed.

Varieties. 1. Will not our souls-continue in being forever? 2. He is not so good as he should be, who does not strive to be better than he is. 3. Genius--is a plant, whose growth you cannot stop, without destroying it. 4. In doing nothing we learn to do ill. 5. Neither wealth, nor power, can Confer happiness. 6. In heaven, (we have reason to believe,) no one considers anything as good, unless others partake of it. 7. No thing is ours, until we give it away. I doers--are ill thinkers.

178. Orthography or Right Spelling. As Proverbs. 1. As we act towards others, WO we have two kinds of language, written and may expect others to act towards us. 2. A good spoken, so, there are two modes of spelling; orator is pointed, and vehement. 3. Idleness-is one addressed to the eye, and exhibited by the rust of the mind, and the blight of genius. 4 naming the letters; the other addressed to Assist yourself, and heaven will assist you. 5. the ear, and spelled by giving the sounds, We should estimate man's character, by his goodwhich the letters represent: the former meth-ness; not by his wealth. 6. Knowledge-is as esod, which is the common one, tends to the sential to the mind, as food is to the body. 7. A dominant use of the throat, and lungs, and is good word is as soon said, as an ill one. 8. No one of the fruitful sources of consumption; man to do wrong. 9. Virtue-is the best, and temptation of emolument, can induce an honest the latter, which is the new one, serves to safest helmet we can wear. 10. Against the keep up the natural use of the appropriate fickleness of fortune, oppose a bold heart. II. muscles, and tends to prevent, as well as cure, Never profess-what you do not practice. 12 dyspepsia, liver and lung complaints, and Treat every one with kindness. diseases of the throat.

pre

179. Classification of the Consonants. The first natural division of the consonants Is into Vocal and Aspirate. Of the Vocal there are, as they stand in the alphabet, and their combinations, twenty-six; but deducting the duplicates, there are but seventeen; viz: b, as in bib; c, as in suffice; d, as in dead; f, as in of; g, as in gem, go, rouge; 1, as in ill; m, as in me; n, as in none, bank; r, as in err, pride; w, as in wo; x, as in erist; y, as in yet; and th as in this; all of which should be given separately, as well as combined, and their differences observed.

Anecdote. Keeping Time-from Eternity. Chief Justice Parsons, of Massachu setts, having been shown a watch, that was looked on as well worthy of notice, as it had saved a man's life, in a duel, remarked,— "It is, indeed, a very astonishing watch, that has kept time from eternity.

The Difference. Why is it, that many professors of religion—are so reluctant, to have the reading of the Bible, as well as speaking and singing, conducted in a correct and proper manner? Should not the ered in an appropriate style? Do they greatest and most glorious truths-be delivthink to exalt religious truth, in the eyes of 180. After the pupil has become familiar the well-informed, by communicating it in with reading by vowel sounds and spelling, a way that is not only repulsive to correo as above recommended, let him be exercised taste, but slovenly, and absolutely wrong in reading by the vowel and consonant Is it calculated to recommend devotional exsounds: i. e. by giving a perfect analysis of all the sounds, found in any of the words of the sentence before him; which involves every thing relating to sounds, whether single, double, or triple; and to articulation, accent, pronunciation, and emphasis. No one should wish to be excused from these very useful and important exercises; for they are direrctly calculated to improve the voice, the ear, and the manner, while they impart that kind of knowledge of this subject, which will be felt to be power, and give one confi-selves and others? dence in his own abilities. wisdom dictate?

Notes. 1. It is not a little amusing and instructive too, to panone the great variety of names, used by different authors, to signate the sounds of our letters, their classifications, &c. against which the charge of simplicity cannot be brought in every thing, leus guard against learned and unlearned ignorance. 2. There at those, who ought, from their position before the world, to be

stard authorities in the pronunciation of letters and words, and

14 general delivery; but, unfortunately, on account of their sad deJes and inaccuracies, in all those particulars, they constitute a court

of Errors, instead of Appeal: consequently, we must throw our

seves upon the first principles and our own resources; using, how. evar, such true lights as a kind Providence has vouchsafed us for

bu gurlance.

To him, who, in the love of nature, holds
Communion with her visible forms, she speaks
A various language; for his gayer hours,
She has a voice of gladness, and a smile,
And eloquence of beauty; and she glideg
Into his darker musings-with a mild
And gentle sympathy, that steals away
Their sharpness-ere he is aware.

ercises to their consideration, by offering u Prayer in a language and manner, unbecom ing man when addressing man; and per forming the singing, regardless of proper time and tune? Will they present their of ferings in a maimed, halt and blind manner upon the altar of religion; while they have it in their power, to provide a way in accordance with the subject and object of their devotion? Is it well-to despise a good style and manner of elocution and music, because we have not the ability, and are too indolent to labor for it. to do justice to ourWhat course does true

2.

Varieties. 1. Men-will never feel like
women, nor women-think, like men.
In too eager disputation, the truth is often
lost sight of. 3. Woman-is not degraded,
but elevated, by an earnest, daily applica-
tion to her domestic concerns. 4. How
wretched is his condition, who depends for
his daily support, on the hospitality of others.
5. An evil-speaker-differs from an evil-
doer, only in opportunity. 6. The use of
hnowledge is to communicate to others, that
they may be the better for it. 7. They who
deny a God, either in theory, or practice, de
stroy man's nobility.

Till youth's delirious dream is o'er,
Sanguine with hope, we look before,
The future good to find;

In age, when error charms no more,
For bliss-we look behind.

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