secretary of state, formally replied, conveying the Emperor's acceptance. The American case, or memorial, was delivered at the foreign office on the 12th of December, and the British case on the 15th. The second and definitive statement of Great Britain was presented in the same manner on the 10th of the following June, and that of the United States on the 11th.'

Award.

In such hands as those of Mr. Bancroft and

The Emperor's Admiral Prevost, it is needless to say that nothing was lacking in the presentation of the claims of either government. The first and final statements of both governments, in which the arguments advanced in the prior discussions were elaborated and supported with great ability, were, together with the accompanying evidence, referred by the Emperor to three experts, Dr. Grimm, vice-president of the supreme court at Berlin; Dr. Kiepert, the eminent pupil of Carl Ritter; and Dr. Goldschmidt, a member of the supreme commercial court at Leipsic, each of whom made a report. On the 21st of October 1872 the Emperor rendered an award, holding that the claim of the United States that the boundary should be drawn through the Haro Channel was "most in accordance with the true interpretations" of the treaty of 1846. The text of the award, in German and in English, is as follows: Wir Wilhelm von Gottes Gnaden, Deutscher Kaiser, König von Preussen, &c., &c., &c.

Nach Einsicht des zwischen den Regierungen Ihrer Britischen Majestät und der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika geschlossenen Vertrages de dato Washington den 6ten Mai,2 1871, Inhalts dessen die gedachten Regierungen die unter ihnen streitige Frage: ob die Grenzlinie, welche nach dem Vertrage de dato Washington den 15ten Juni, 1846, nachdem sie gegen Westen längs des 49ten Grades Nördlicher Breite bis zur Mitte des Kanals, welcher das Festland von der Vancouver Insel treunt, gezogen worden, südlich durch die Mitte des gedachten Kanals und der Fuca Meerenge bis zum Stillen Ocean gezogen werden soll, durch den Rosario-Kanal, wie die Regierung Ihrer Britischen Majestät beansprucht, oder durch den Haro-Kanal, wie die Regierung der Vereinigten Staaten beansprucht, zu ziehen sei, Unserem Schiedsspruche unterbreitet haben, damit Wir endgültig und ohne Berufung entscheiden, welcher dieser Anspriiche mit der richtigen Auslegung des Vertrages vom 15ten Juni, 1846, am meisten im Einklange stehe;

1 Papers relating to the Treaty of Washington, V. 255–263.
So in the original; the correct date is May 8.

Nach Anhörung des Uns von den durch Uns berufenen Sachund Rechtskundigen über den Inhalt der gewechselten Denkschriften und deren Anlagen erstatteten Vortrages,

Haben den nachstehenden Schiedsspruch gefällt

Mit der richtigen Auslegung des zwischen den Regierungen Ihrer Britischen Majestät und der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika geschlossenen Vertrages de dato Washington den 15ten Juni, 1846, steht der Anspruch der Regierung der Vereinigten Staaten am meisten im Einklange, dass die Grenzlinie zwischen den Gebieten Ihrer Britischen Majestät und den Vereinigten Staaten durch den Haro-Kanal gezogen: werde. Urkundlich unter Unserer Höchsteigenhändigen Unterschrift und beigedrucktem Kaiserlichen Insiegel. Gegeben Berlin den 21ten October, 1872. [L. S.]

WILHELM.

[Translation.]

We, William, by the grace of God, German Emperor, King of Prussia, &c., &c., &c.

After examination of the treaty concluded at Washington on the 6th of May, 1871, between the Governments of Her Britannic Majesty and of the United States of America, according to which the said Governments have submitted to our arbitrament the question at issue between them, whether the boundary line which, according to the Treaty of Washington of June 15, 1846, after being carried westward along the fortyninth parallel of northern latitude to the middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Island, is thence to be drawn southerly through the middle of the said channel and of the Fuca Straits to the Pacific Ocean, should be drawn through the Rosario Channel as the Government of Her Britannic Majesty claims, or through the Haro Channel as the Government of the United States claims; to the end that we may finally and without appeal decide which of these claims is most in accordance with the true interpretation of the treaty of June 14, 1846.

After hearing the report made to us by the experts and jurists summoned by us upon the contents of the interchanged memorials and their appendices

Have decreed the following award:

Most in accordance with the true interpretations of the treaty concluded on the 15th of June, 1846, between the Governments of Her Britannic Majesty and of the United States of America, is the claim of the Government of the United States that the boundary-line between the territories of Her Britannic Majesty and the United States should be drawn through the Haro Channel.

Authenticated by our autographic signature and the impression of the imperial great seal.

Given at Berlin, October the 21st, 1872.

[L. S.]

Award.

WILLIAM.

"The award," said Mr. Bancroft, "was a Acceptance of grievous disappointment to Admiral Prevost. Up to the last moment he confidently expected a decision in his favor." The British Government was subsequently criticised in the House of Commons for haying agreed to limit the arbitration to the Rosario and Haro channels, instead of leaving it open to the arbitrator to take an intermediate channel. But the award was promptly and fully accepted, and both parties in the usual manner expressed their thanks to the imperial arbitrator. The British Government, on receiving a copy of the award, spontaneously directed the withdrawal of the detachment of royal marines from San Juan Island, and brought the joint occupation to an end.3

On the 10th of March 1873 a protocol was Definition of Water signed at Washington by Hamilton Fish, SecBoundary. retary of State, on the part of the United States, and by Sir Edward Thornton, British minister to the United States, and Admiral Prevost, boundary commissioner, on the part of Great Britain, by which the San Juan water boundary was ultimately fixed and determined. By this protocol the line was fully defined; and it was also traced out and marked on four identical charts, which were duly signed, and of which two were retained by each government. A reproduc tion of this chart was printed, together with the protocol, in the first volume of the Foreign Relations of the United States for 1873. The protocol is as follows:

"Protocol of a conference at Washington, March 10, 1873, respecting the northwest water-boundary.

"Whereas it was provided by the first article of the treaty between the United States of America and Great Britain, signed at Washington on the 15th day of June, 1846, as follows:

"ARTICLE I.

"From the point on the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, where the boundary laid down in existing treaties and conventions between the United States and Great Britain

1 Papers relating to the Treaty of Washington, V. 268.

2 For. Rel. 1873, I. 357 et seq.

3 Papers relating to the Treaty of Washington, V. 270–271.