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Abyssinia, plants of, 326.

Acclimatisation, 127.

Affinities of extinct species, 287.

of organic beings, 358.

Agassiz on Amblyopsis, 127.

on groups of species suddenly ap-
pearing, 264, 267.

on embryological succession, 295.
on the glacial period, 319.

on embryological characters, 364.
on the embryos of vertebrata, 382.
on parallelism of embryological de-
velopment and geological succes-
sion, 390.

Algae of New Zealand, 327.
Alligators, males, fighting, 84.

Artichoke, Jerusalem, 129
Ascension, plants of, 339.
Asclepias, pollen of, 173.
Asparagus, 313.
Aspicarpa, 363.
Asses, striped, 147.

Ateuchus, 123.

Audubon on habits of frigate-bird, 160
on variation in birds'-neste, 189.
on heron eating seeds, 338.

Australia, animals of, 108,

dogs of, 192.

extinct animals of, 296.
European plants in, 327.

Azara on flies destroying cattle, 70.
Azores, flora of, 316.

Babington, Mr., on British plants, 49.

America, North, productions allied to Balancement of growth, 133.

Amblyopsis, blind fish, 127.

those of Europe, 323.

boulders and glaciers of, 325.

South, no modern formations

on

west coast, 254.

Ammonites, sudden extinction of, 281.
Anagallis, sterility of, 219.
Analogy of variations, 143.

Ancylus, 336.

Animals, not domesticated from being
variable, 23.

domestic, descended from several
stocks, 24.

acclimatisation of, 129.

of Australia, 108.

Bamboo with hooks, 176.

Barberry, flowers of, 92.

Barrande, M., on Silurian colonies, 274.
on the succession of species, 284.
on parallelism of paleozoic forma
tions, 287.

on affinities of ancient species, 288.
Barriers, importance of, 303.
Batrachians on islands, 342.
Bats, how structure acquired, 163.
distribution of, 343.
Bear, catching water-insects, 165.
Bee, sting of, 180.

queen, killing rivals, 180.

with thicker fur in cold climates, 122. Bees fertilising flowers, 71.

blind, in caves, 125.

extinct, of Australia, 296.

Anomma, 213.

Antarctic islands, ancient flora of, 347.

Antirrhinum, 145.

Ants attending aphides, 188.

slave-making instinct, 195.

Ants, neuter, structure of, 209.

Aphides attended by ants, 188.

Aphis, development of, 384.

Apteryx, 163.

Arab horses, 38.

Aralo-Caspian Sea, 296.

Archiac, M. de, on succession of species,

284.

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Birds of Madeira, Bermuda, and Gala- | Classification, 360.

pagos, 340.

song of males, 84.

transporting

seeds, 315.

waders, 337.

wingless, 123, 163.

with traces of embryonic teeth, 391.

Bizcacha, 305.

affinities of, 373.

Bladder for swimming in fish, 170.
Blindness of cave animals, 126.

Blyth, Mr., on distinctness of Indian cat-
tle, 23.

on striped Hemionus, 147.
on crossed geese, 224.

Boar, shoulder-pad of, 84.

Borrow, Mr., on the Spanish pointer, 38.
Bory St. Vincent on Batrachians, 342.
Bosquet, M., on fossil Chthamalus, 266.
Boulders, erratic, on the Azores, 316.
Branchiæ, 170.

Brent, Mr., on house-tumblers, 191.

on hawks killing pigeons, 315.
Brewer, Dr., on American cuckoo, 193.
Britain, mammals of, 344.

Bronn on duration of specific forms, 257.
Brown, Robert, on classification, 361.
Buckman on variation in plants, 17.
Buzareingues on sterility of varieties, 238.

Cabbage, varieties of, crossed, 93.
Calceolaria, 222.

Canary-birds, sterility of hybrids, 223.
Cape de Verde islands, 347.
Cape of Good Hope, plants of, 102, 326.
Carrier-pigeons killed by hawks, 315.
Cassini on flowers of composita, 131.
Catasetum, 369.

Cats, with blue eyes, deaf, 18.

variation in habits of, 86.

curling tail when going to spring, 179.
Cattle destroying fir-trees, 69.

destroyed by flies in La Plata, 70.
breeds of, locally extinct, 103.
fertility of Indian and European
breeds, 225.

Cave, inhabitants of, blind, 125.
Centres of creation, 307.

Cephalopoda, development of, 384.
Cervulus, 224.

Cetacea, teeth and hair, 131.

Ceylon, plants of, 326.

Chalk formation, 282.

Characters, divergence of, 103.

sexual, variable, 141.

adaptive or analogical, 371.

Charlock, 74.

Checks to increase, 66.

mutual, 69.

Chickens, instinctive tameness of, 192.
Chthamalinæ, 253.

Chthamalus, cretacean species of, 266.
Circumstances favourable to selection of

domestic products, 42.

to natural selection, 95.

Cirripedes capable of crossing, 95.
carapace aborted, 134.

their ovigerous frena, 172.
fossil, 266.

larvae of, 883.

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Creation, single centres of, 307.
Crinum, 221

Crosses, reciprocal, 228.

Crossing of domestic animals, importance
in altering breeds, 25.
advantages of, 91.

unfavourable to selection, 96.
Crustacea of New Zealand, 327.
Crustacean, blind, 125.

Cryptocerus, 211.

Ctenomys, blind, 125.
Cuckoo, instinct of, 193.
Currants, grafts of, 231.
Currents of sea, rate of, 313.

Cuvier on conditions of existence, 184.
on fossil monkeys, 265.
Fred., on instinct, 186.

Dana, Prof., on blind cave-animals, 126.
'on relations of crustaceans of Japan,
324.

on crustaceans of New Zealand, 327.

De Candolle on struggle for existence, 61.
on umbelliferæ, 132.

on general affinities, 374.

Alph, on low plants, widely dis-
persed, 353.

on widely-ranging plants being va
riable, 54.

on naturalisation, 107.

on winged seeds, 133.

on Alpine species suddenly becom
ing rare, 157.

on distribution of plants with large
seeds, 314.

on vegetation of Australia, 330.
on fresh-water plants, 336.

on insular plants, 339.

Degradation of coast rocks, 248.
Denudation, rato of, 250.

of oldest rocks, 269.

Development of ancient forms, 203.

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Disuse, effects of, under nature, 122.
Divergence of character, 103.

Division, physiological, of labour, 107.
Dogs, hairless, with imperfect teeth, 18.
descended from several wild stocks,
23.

domestic instincts of, 190.
inherited civilization of, 192.
fertility of breeds together, 224.
of crosses, 236.

proportions of, when young, 386.
Domestication, variation under, 14.
Downing, Mr., on fruit-trees in America,81.
Downs, North and South, 250.
Dragon-flies, intestines of, 170.
Drift-timber, 314.

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as bearing on natural selection, 102.
of domestic varieties, 103.

Eye, structure of, 167.

correction for aberration, 180.

Eyes reduced in moles, 125.

Fabre, M., on parasitic sphex, 195.

Falconer, Dr., on naturalisation of plants
in India, 64.

on fossil crocodile, 274.

on elephants and mastodons, 292.

Falkland Island, wolf of, 343.
Faults, 250.

Faunas, marine, 304.

Fear, instinctive, in birds, 189.

Feet of birds, young molluscs adhering to,
336.

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teleostean, sudden appearance of, 267
eating seeds, 337.

fresh-water, distribution of, 335.

Fishes, ganoid, now confined to fresh
water, 100.

electric organs of, 172.

ganoid, living in fresh water, 281.
of southern hemisphere, 327.
Flight, powers of, how acquired, 163.
Flowers, structure of, in relation to cross
ing, 91.

of composite and umbelliferæ, 131.
Forbes, E., on colours of shells, 121.

on abrupt range of shells in depth,

157.

on poorness of paleontological col-
lections, 252.

on continuous succession of genera,
276.

on continental extensions, 311.

on distribution during glacial period,
319.

on parallelism in time and space,356
Forests, changes in, in America, 72.
Formation, Devonian, 292.
Formations, thickness of, in Britain, 249.
intermittent, 254.

Formica rufescens, 195.

sanguinea, 195.

flava, neuter of, 212.

Frena, ovigerous, of cirripedes, 172.
Fresh-water productions, dispersal of
334.

Fries on species in large genera being
closely allied to other species, 57.
Frigate-bird, 166.

Frogs on islands, 342.

Fruit-trees, gradual improvement of, 40.
in United States, 81.

varieties of, acclimatised in United
States, 129.

Fuci, crossed, 228.

Fur, thicker in cold climates, 132.
Furze, 382.

Galapagos Archipelago, birds of, 340.
productions of, 347, 348.

Galeopithecus, 162.

Game, increase of, checked by vermin, 67.
Gartner on sterility of hybrids, 219, 225.

on reciprocal crosses, 228.

on crossed maize and verbascum,
238.

on comparison of hybrids and mon
grels, 240.

Geese, fertility when crossed, 224.

upland, 166.

Genealogy important in classification, 370.
Geoffroy St. Hilaire on balancement, 133.
on homologous organs, 378.

Isidore, on variability of repeated
parts, 135.

on correlation in monstrosities, 18.

Geoffroy on correlation, 131.

on variable parts being often mon-
strous, 140.

Geographical distribution, 302.
Geography, ancient, 422.

Geology, future progress of, 421.
imperfection of the record, 245.

Giraffe, tail of, 174.
Glacial period, 318.
Gmelin on distribution,
Gnathodon, fossil, 321.

318.

Godwin-Austen, Mr., on the Malay Archi-
pelago, 262.

Goethe on compensation of growth, 133.
Gooseberry, grafts of, 231.

Gould, Dr. A., on land-shells, 345.

Mr., on colours of birds, 121.

on birds of the Galapagos, 347.

on distribution of genera of birds,
352.

Gourds, crossed, 238.

Grafts, capacity of, 231.
Grasses, varieties of, 105.

Gray, Dr. Asa, on trees of United States,
94.

on naturalised plants in the United
States, 107.

on rarity of intermediate varieties,

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Hazel-nuts, 313.

Hearne on habits of bears, 165.

Heath, changes in vegetation, 70.

Heer, O., on plants of Madeira, 100.

Helix pomatía, 346.

Helosciadium, 313.

Hemionus, striped, 147.

Herbert, W., on struggle for existence, 61.

on sterility of hybrids, 220.

Hermaphrodites crossing, 91.
Heron eating seed, 338.
Heron, Sir R., on peacocks, 84.

Heusinger on white animals not poisoned
by certain plants, 18.

Hewitt, Mr., on sterility of first crosses,

233.

Himalaya, glaciers of, 324.

plants of, 326.

Hippeastrum, 221.

Holly-trees, sexes of, 88.

Hollyhock, varieties of, crossed, 239.

Hooker, Dr., on trees of New Zealand, 94.

Hooker, Dr., on acclimatisation of Hima
layan trees, 127.

on flowers of umbelliferæ, 132.
on glaciers of Himalaya, 324.
on algae of New Zealand, 327.

on vegetation at the base of the
Himalaya, 329.

on plants of Tierra del Fuego, 326,
329.

on Australian plants, 327, 347.

on relations of flora of South Amer-
ica, 330.

on flora of the Antarctic lands, 341,
347.

on the plants of the Galapagos, 341,

347.

Hooks on bamboos, 176.

to seeds on islands, 342.

Horner, Mr., on the antiquity of Egyp
tians, 23.

Horns, rudimentary, 394.

Horse, fossil, in La Plata, 278.

Horses destroyed by flies in La Plata, 70.
striped, 147.

proportions of, when young, 386.
Horticulturists, selection applied by, 35.
Huber on cells of bees, 205.

P., on reason blended with instinct,
186.

on habitual nature of instincts, 186.
on slave-making ants, 195.

on Melipona domestica, 200.

Humble-bees, cells of, 200.

Hunter, J., on secondary sexual charac-
ters, 136.

Hutton, Captain, on crossed geese, 224.
Huxley, Prof., on structure of hermaph-
rodites, 94.

on embryological succession, 295.
on homologous organs, 381.

on the development of aphis, 384.
Hybrids and mongrels compared, 239.
Hybridism, 217.

Hydra, structure of, 170.

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Jussieu on classification, 363.

Kentucky, caves of, 125.

Kerguelen-land, flora of, 331, 347.
Kidney-bean, acclimatisation of, 120.
Kidneys of birds, 131.

Kirby on tarsi deficient in beetles, 123.

Knight, Andrew, on cause of variation, 14.
Kolreuter on the barberry, 92.

on sterility of hybrids, 218.
on reciprocal crosses, 228.

on crossed varieties of nicotiana, 239.
on crossing male and hermaphrodite
flowers, 392.

Lamarck on adaptive characters, 371.
Land-shells, distribution of, 346.

of Madeira, naturalised, 350.

Languages, classification of, 367.
Lapse, great, of time, 247.

Larva, 382.

Laurel, nectar secreted by the leaves, 88.

Laws of variation, 120.

Leech, varieties of, 73.

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Matthiola, reciprocal crosses of, 228.
Means of dispersal, 311.

Melipona domestica, 200.

Metamorphism of oldest rocks, 269.

Leguminosa, nectar secreted by glands, 88. Mice destroying bees, 72.

Lepidosiren, 100, 288.

Life, struggle for, 60.

Lingula, Silurian, 268.

Lion, mane of, 84.

Linnæus, aphorism of, 360.

young of, striped, 382.

Lobelia fulgens, 71, 92.

Lobelia, sterility of crosses, 221.
Loess of the Rhine, 335.

Lowness of structure connected with va-
riability, 135.

Lowness, related to wide distribution, 353.
Lubbock, Mr., on the nerves of coccus, 47.
Lucas, Dr. P., on inheritance, 19.

on resemblance of child to parent,
242.

Lund and Clausen on fossils of Brazil, 296.
Lyell, Sir C., on the struggle for existence,
61.

on modern changes of the earth, 90.
on measure of denudation, 249.
on a carboniferous land-shell, 253.
on fossil whales, 265.

on strata beneath Silurian system,

268.

on the imperfection of the geological
record, 271.

on the appearance of species, 273.
on Barrande's colonies, 274.

on tertiary formations of Europe and
North America, 282.

on parallelism of tertiary formations,
287.

on transport of seeds by icebergs,
317.

on great alternations of climate, 332.
on the distribution of fresh-water
shells, 336.

on land-shells of Madeira, 350.
Lyell and Dawson on fossilised trees in
Nova Scotia, 259.

Macleay on analogical characters, 371.
Madeira, plants of, 100.

beetles of, wingless, 124.

acclimatisation of, 128.

Migration, bears on first appearance of

fossils, 259.

Miller, Prof., on the cells of bees, 201.
Mirabilis, crosses of, 228.

Missel-thrush, 74.

Misseltoe, complex relations of, 11.
Mississippi, rate of deposition at mouth,
249.

Mocking-thrush of the Galapagos, 350.
Modification of species, how far applica
ble, 418.

Moles, blind, 125.

Mongrels, fertility and sterility of, 236.
and hybrids compared, 239.
Monkeys, fossil, 265.
Monocanthus, 369.

Mons, Van, on the origin of fruit-trees, 32.
Moquin-Tandon on sea-side plants, 121.
Morphology, 377.

Mozart, musical powers of, 186.
Mud, seeds in, 337.
Mules, striped, 148.

Müller, Dr. F., on Alpine Australian
plants, 327.

Murchison, Sir R., on the formations of
Russia, 253.

on azoic formations, 268.
on extinction, 277.
Mustela vison, 161.
Myanthus, 369.
Myrmecocystus, 211.
Myrmica, eyes of, 213.

Nails, rudimentary, 393.

Natural history, future progress of, 419.
selection, 77.

system, 360.

Naturalisation of forms distinct from the
indigenous species, 107.
in New Zealand, 180.
Nautilus, Silurian, 268.
Nectar of plants, 88.
Nectaries, how formed, 88,
Nelumbium luteum, 337.

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