deceiver or had been deceived. During the homeward journey she was exposed to studied insult, and when she reached Edinburgh she was treated with less consideration than is generally vouchsafed to a prisoner and a criminal. She was shut up in a wretched room in a private house, and exposed to insults which I have not space to enumerate. The brief facts which are preserved by Nau enable us to realise, though imperfectly, the depth of the desolation to which that poor soul was now reduced.

Edinburgh was now in a state of commotion which seemed to justify any degree of lawlessness. While the queen was yet a prisoner in the house of the Provost, the mob broke into the Palace at Holyrood and pillaged its contents; but men of a higher rank than the mob profited by the robbery. A servant of the royal household, whom Nau describes as an Italian,1 betrayed his trust, and gave valuable information to the leaders of the insurrection. The royal plate and jewels were carried off, so likewise were the furniture and other moveables. Moray profited by the raid, many of the most precious spoils of which ere long found their way into the hands of Elizabeth.2 So complete was the spoliation of Mary's wardrobe that there remained not in it a single dress which could be sent to Lochleven for the use of the prisoner. It was not until after Moray's return from Paris that a supply of clothing reached her, and then the contribution was scanty in extent and mean in quality.

About nine o'clock on the evening of the following day

1 Possibly Francis de Busso, or Bisso, who is mentioned by Knox, ii. 507, where, see Laing's Note.

2 See the Illustrative Notes appended to this Chapter, Note the Fifth, p. clxxii.

the queen received a visit from the earl of Morton. As he came, he said, to conduct her to the Palace of Holyrood, she could not but obey him, so she arose and followed. The procession down the Canongate was a repetition on a larger scale of the march from Carberry into Edinburgh. On her arrival at the Palace she found that supper had been prepared for Morton, a meal of which she was afraid to partake, dreading poison, although she had eaten nothing during the whole of the day. Before supper was over, Morton told her it was time for her to mount on horseback. When she asked where she was to be led, he gave her to understand indirectly that she was about to visit her son, doubtless with the idea of reconciling her to the removal. Her destination was the Castle of Lochleven, to which she was conducted by Lords Lindsay and Ruthven. On the edge of the loch she was met by the laird and his brothers. Enclosed within the walls of that impregnable state dungeon, it seemed to Mary as if she was at last and finally in the power of her enemies, and that before her there was only a speedy and a violent death or a lifelong imprisonment.1

1 She was removed from Holyrood House (which she never again saw) on the night of 16th June. The anonymous Life quoted above tells us that on this occasion" they clothed her with a baggage grey peticoat, coming little lower than her knees, and so set her upon a cairon jade, found by chance in the pasture, and not worth 5s.; and in this array, with the banner spoken of carried before her, they transport her straitway to the castle of Lochleven."-Id. fol. 160.

Thus also in an anonymous popular ballad (MS. Cott. Cal., C. i. 270) occurs the following stanza :—

"The traitors, not therewith content,

Did lead her thence away,

And changed all her brave attire

SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS TO

CHAPTER THE FIFTH.

NOTE THE FIRST. (See p. cli., Note 1.)

REPORT by the Seigneur de Clernault upon the death of King Henry Darnley.1

The Seigneur de Clernault states in the account which he has brought of the death of the King of Scotland, that the said king having been lodged at one end of the city of Edinburgh and the queen at the other, the said lady went to visit him on the evening of Sunday the 9th of this month, about seven o'clock, along with all the principal lords of her court. After having been with him for about two or three hours she left him in order that she might be present at the marriage of one of her gentlemen, as she had promised; but for which promise it is thought that she would have remained until midnight or one o'clock, regard being had to the good understanding and union in which she and the king had been living for three weeks.

When she arrived at the marriage festivities she did not stay there long, because of the late hour at which she had come, and as it was growing late every one began to depart, which occasioned the said lady to go to bed. About two o'clock after midnight, or a little later, there was heard a very great noise, as if twenty-five or thirty cannon had been fired in a volley, so that every one awoke. The queen, having sent to enquire whence came such a noise, her messengers followed the crowd until they came to the king's residence, which they found to be entirely overthrown. Having sought to find where he was, they discovered him sixty or eighty paces from

1 Translated from the original French in R.O. Scot. Eliz., xiii. 13. It is written in a foreign hand, and is dated 16th February 1566.

the queen received a visit from the earl of Morton. As he came, he said, to conduct her to the Palace of Holyrood, she could not but obey him, so she arose and followed. The procession down the Canongate was a repetition on a larger scale of the march from Carberry into Edinburgh. On her arrival at the Palace she found that supper had been prepared for Morton, a meal of which she was afraid to partake, dreading poison, although she had eaten nothing during the whole of the day. Before supper was over, Morton told her it was time for her to mount on horseback. When she asked where she was to be led, he gave her to understand indirectly that she was about to visit her son, doubtless with the idea of reconciling her to the removal. Her destination was the Castle of Lochleven, to which she was conducted by Lords Lindsay and Ruthven. On the edge of the loch she was met by the laird and his brothers. Enclosed within the walls of that impregnable state dungeon, it seemed to Mary as if she was at last and finally in the power of her enemies, and that before her there was only a speedy and a violent death or a lifelong imprisonment.1

1 She was removed from Holyrood House (which she never again saw) on the night of 16th June. The anonymous Life quoted above tells us that on this occasion "they clothed her with a baggage grey peticoat, coming little lower than her knees, and so set her upon a cairon jade, found by chance in the pasture, and not worth 5s.; and in this array, with the banner spoken of carried before her, they transport her straitway to the castle of Lochleven."-Id. fol. 160.

Thus also in an anonymous popular ballad (MS. Cott. Cal., C. i. 270) occurs the following stanza :—

"The traitors, not therewith content,

Did lead her thence away,
And changed all her brave attire

SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS TO

CHAPTER THE FIFTH.

NOTE THE FIRST. (See p. cli., Note 1.)

REPORT by the Seigneur de Clernault upon the death of King Henry Darnley.1

The Seigneur de Clernault states in the account which he has brought of the death of the King of Scotland, that the said king having been lodged at one end of the city of Edinburgh and the queen at the other, the said lady went to visit him on the evening of Sunday the 9th of this month, about seven o'clock, along with all the principal lords of her court. After having been with him for about two or three hours she left him in order that she might be present at the marriage of one of her gentlemen, as she had promised; but for which promise it is thought that she would have remained until midnight or one o'clock, regard being had to the good understanding and union in which she and the king had been living for three weeks.

When she arrived at the marriage festivities she did not stay there long, because of the late hour at which she had come, and as it was growing late every one began to depart, which occasioned the said lady to go to bed. About two o'clock after midnight, or a little later, there was heard a very great noise, as if twenty-five or thirty cannon had been fired in a volley, so that every one awoke. The queen, having sent to enquire whence came such a noise, her messengers followed the crowd until they came to the king's residence, which they found to be entirely overthrown. Having sought to find where he was, they discovered him sixty or eighty paces from 1 Translated from the original French in R.O. Scot. Eliz., xiii. 13. It is written in a foreign hand, and is dated 16th February 1566.