Indonesian Houses: Tradition and transformation in vernacular architecture

according Aceh adat ancestors appears architecture attic bamboo beams become Besemah Bugis building built called central centre century ceremonial complex considered consists construction contrast cultural decorated described dwelling elements ethnic example expressed fact field Figure floor front function gable gallery granary ground groups hamlet highland house types huts important Indonesia influence inhabitants kind land later limas house living located longer longhouse Malay materials means moved Nage origin Palembang position posts present raised recent referred regard region relationship Research ridge ritual river roof ruma rumah seems settlement shows side similar social societies sometimes sopo South Southeast space spirit status structure Sumatra symbolic term tion traditional traditional house transformation University usually various village walls West whole wood