Local Governance in Developing CountriesAnwar Shah World Bank Publications, 2006 - 457ÆäÀÌÁö This book provides a new institutional economics perspective on alternative models of local governance, offering a comprehensive view of local government organization and finance in the developing world. The experiences of ten developing/transition economies are reviewed to draw lessons of general interest in strengthening responsive, responsible, and accountable local governance. The book is written in simple user friendly language to facilitate a wider readership by policy makers and practitioners in addition to students and scholars of public finance, economics and politics. |
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... Political Overview 235 Local Government Expenditure Responsibilities 240 Local Government Own-Source Taxes and Charges 246 Shared Taxes and Revenues 249 Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers 250 Local Government Borrowing 260 Local ...
... Political Overview 235 Local Government Expenditure Responsibilities 240 Local Government Own-Source Taxes and Charges 246 Shared Taxes and Revenues 249 Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers 250 Local Government Borrowing 260 Local ...
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... political jurisdiction and benefit area overlap,the free-rider problem is overcome and the marginal benefit equals the marginal cost ofproduction, thereby ensuring optimal provision ofpublic services.Equating thepolitical jurisdiction ...
... political jurisdiction and benefit area overlap,the free-rider problem is overcome and the marginal benefit equals the marginal cost ofproduction, thereby ensuring optimal provision ofpublic services.Equating thepolitical jurisdiction ...
7 ÆäÀÌÁö
... political jurisdictions and are better financed by loans,user charges,and earmarked benefit taxes,such as a supplementary mill rate on a property tax base to finance a local school board.If kept to a minimum,such agencies help fully ...
... political jurisdictions and are better financed by loans,user charges,and earmarked benefit taxes,such as a supplementary mill rate on a property tax base to finance a local school board.If kept to a minimum,such agencies help fully ...
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... Political Consumer sectoral Public service of scale of scope spillover proximity sovereignty choices Composite Efficiency Equity Composite Firefighting L L L L L M L P G P Police protection L L L L L M L P G G Refuse collection ...
... Political Consumer sectoral Public service of scale of scope spillover proximity sovereignty choices Composite Efficiency Equity Composite Firefighting L L L L L M L P G P Police protection L L L L L M L P G G Refuse collection ...
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... political accountability at the lower levels of government against the disadvantages of having a fragmented tax system. The tradeoff between increased accountability and increased economic costs from decentralizing taxing ...
... political accountability at the lower levels of government against the disadvantages of having a fragmented tax system. The tradeoff between increased accountability and increased economic costs from decentralizing taxing ...
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according accountability activities administration allocation amount areas assigned authority autonomy average Bank billion bodies borrowing budget capacity capital central government changes charges cities collected Commission constitution Córdoba costs council countries debt decentralization delivery distribution district economic effect elected equalization established executive expenditure federal finance financial fiscal framework functions funds grants higher implementation important improve income increase India institutions intergovernmental investment issues land legislation limited local governments major ment Ministry municipal needs Note oblast operations Organization own-source percent performance planning political population powers practice primary programs projects provincial received reform regional regulations representative requires responsibilities result revenue role rural schools sector share significant social Source specific spending structure subnational TABLE tiers tion transfers units urban World
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181 ÆäÀÌÁö - Taxes on the entry of goods into a local area for consumption, use or sale therein.
206 ÆäÀÌÁö - This union of the village communities, each one forming a separate little state in itself, has, I conceive contributed more than any other cause to the preservation of the peoples of India through all the revolutions and changes which they have suffered, and is in a high degree conducive to their happiness, and to the enjoyment of a great portion of freedom and independence.
169 ÆäÀÌÁö - It is not, primarily, with a view to improvement in administration that this measure is put forward and supported. It is chiefly desirable as an instrument of political and popular education.
206 ÆäÀÌÁö - The Village Communities are little Republics, having nearly everything they can want within themselves, and almost independent of any foreign relations. They seem to last where nothing else lasts. Dynasty after dynasty tumbles down; revolution succeeds to revolution; Hindoo, Patan, Mogul, Mahratta, Sikh, English, are all masters in turn; but the Village Communities remain the same.
206 ÆäÀÌÁö - My idea of village Swaraj is that it is a complete republic, independent of its neighbours for its own vital wants, and yet interdependent for many others in which dependence is a necessity. Thus every village's first concern will be to grow its own food crops and cotton for its cloth. It should have a reserve for its cattle, recreation and playground for adults and children.
1 ÆäÀÌÁö - We will revere and obey the City's laws and do our best to incite a like respect and reverence in those above us who are prone to annul or set them at naught. We will strive unceasingly to quicken the public's sense of civic duty. Thus, in all these ways, we will transmit this City not only not less but greater, better and more beautiful than it was transmitted to us.
194 ÆäÀÌÁö - Central, State or Provincial Act or a Government company as defined in section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956).
140 ÆäÀÌÁö - Constitution or the statutes; (8) to annul those local regulations or decisions of the organs of state power of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government...
214 ÆäÀÌÁö - Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Nagaland Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh West Bengal...
363 ÆäÀÌÁö - Negro Salta San Juan San Luis Santa Cruz Santa Fe Santiago del Estero Tierra del Fuego...