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1. Oswego Harbor, New York; scale 1:8,000.

2. Duluth-Superior Harbor, Minnesota and Wisconsin; scale 1:18,000. The transtey fer for the fourth edition in colors was made from these copperplates, as noted above under the head of copperplates revised and transferred to stone i printing in colors, No. 13.

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3. Agate and Burlington bays, Minnesota; scale 1:6,000.

4. Manitou Passage, Lake Michigan; scale 1:30,000.

5. Little Sodus Bay, New York; scale 1:8,000.

6. Maumee Bay and Maumee River, Ohio; scale 1:25,000.

7. St. Joseph Channel and western end of North Channel; scale 1:40,000.
8. Lorain Harbor, Ohio; scale 1:8,000.

9. Coast chart No. 7, Lake Huron; scale 1: 120,000.

10. Great Sodus Bay, New York; scale 1:10,000.

11. Frankfort Harbor, Michigan; scale 1:5,000.

12. Marquette and Presque Isle harbors, Michigan; scale 1:15,000.

13. Fairport Harbor, Ohio; scale 1:8,000.

14. Harbor at Michigan City, Ind.; scale 1:5,000.

15. Conneaut Harbor, Ohio; scale 1:5,000.

16. Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio; scale 1:5,000.

17. Muskegon Harbor, Michigan; scale 1:15,000.

18. Manistique Harbor, Michigan; scale 1:5,000.

19. Sturgeon Bay Canal and Harbor of Refuge; scale 1:25,000.
20. Charlotte Harbor, New York; scale 1:5,000.

The methods of work inaugurated four years ago have proven entirely successful and satisfactory and will be continued, with su improvements as experience may suggest.

The reduction, preparation, and reproduction of charts has tinued, as heretofore, under the immediate direction and supervision of Assistant Engineer Edward Molitor, and to him is due great creat for the very large amount of satisfactory work turned out during the

year.

Lake Huron.

In addition to the foregoing, Assistant Engineer Thomas Russell has taken a number of sets of magnetic observations covering generally the south shore of Lake Superior and the east and west shores of Lake Michigan.

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Surveys.-There are six parties at present in the field, as follows: That under Assistant Engineer F. C. Shenehon is making g progress on the careful reexamination of the west end of Lake Er which was commenced two years ago.

Bal

Assistant Engineer F. G. Ray's party is continuing its work of the last two seasons, the reexamination of Green Bay and the passage into it from Lake Michigan, and is making its customary excellent

Store

record.

The party of Junior Engineer W. J. Graves is continuing its work May of the last two seasons in the northeastern portion of Lake Michigan x This party in June reported an important uncharted shoal lying north of the sailing course between Simmons reef and Lansing shoal

t

Junior Engineer A. D. Hollingsworth is engaged upon local harber surveys for the purpose of extending the lake survey system of charts th to include all harbors upon the Great Lakes, many of which are increa ing so rapidly in importance that it is difficult to keep pace with their development.

Junior Engineer H. F. Johnson's party is engaged in extending primary triangulation southward along the western shore of Lake

IN

Huron.

The sixth and last party, under Junior Engineer M. S. MacDiarmi is engaged in a resurvey of Les Cheneaux Islands in the north end of

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1. Oswego Harbor, New York; scale 1:8,000.

2. Duluth-Superior Harbor, Minnesota and Wisconsin; sale
fer for the fourth edition in colors was made from the

under the head of copperplates revised and tra
printing in colors, No. 13.

3. Agate and Burlington bays, Minnesota; scale 1:6,000.
4. Manitou Passage, Lake Michigan; scale 1:30,000.

5. Little Sodus Bay, New York; scale 1:8,000.

6. Maumee Bay and Maumee River, Ohio; scale 1:25,000).

7. St. Joseph Channel and western end of North Channel: sea-
8. Lorain Harbor, Ohio; scale 1:8,000.

!

17. Muskegon Harbor, Michigan; scale 1:15,000.

18. Manistique Harbor, Michigan; scale 1:5,000.

9. Coast chart No. 7, Lake Huron; scale 1:120,000.

Bulletins.-The bulletins of the survey of Northern and Northwestern Lakes contain important data and information supplementary to the charts, but of too voluminous a character to be incorporated thereon, and they are accordingly issued free in connection with the charts. Bulletin 12, of 1902, and those preceding it, were printed in Wash

10. Great Sodus Bay, New York; scale 1:10,000.

11. Frankfort Harbor, Michigan; scale 1:5,000.

12. Marquette and Presque Isle harbors, Michigan; scale 1:15, ington, but on July 10, 1902, the entire work of printing and issuing
13. Fairport Harbor, Ohio; scale 1:8,000.

14. Harbor at Michigan City, Ind.; scale 1:5,000.

bulletins and supplements thereto was turned over to this Office. The
work of printing is now performed under contract.

15. Conneaut Harbor, Ohio; scale 1:5,000.

16. Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio; scale 1:5,000.

The numbers published during the year are as follows:

19. Sturgeon Bay Canal and Harbor of Refuge; scale 1:25,000. 20. Charlotte Harbor, New York; scale 1:5,000.

In the report of Principal Assistant Engineer E. E. Haskell, immediately following, will be found a more complete summary of all matapters relating to surveys, they having been under his immediate direction.

There is herewith a chart (Pl. 2) showing the completed triangulation of the Detroit River, adjusted to standard datum. It should be published to perfect the record of adjusted triangulation given in report for 1902.

progress on the careful reexamination of the west end which was commenced two years ago.

of

Assistant Engineer F. G. Ray's party is continuing its into it from Lake Michigan, and is making its custom last two seasons, the reexamination of Green Bay and

th

The methods of work inaugurated four years ago entirely successful and satisfactory and will be continued improvements as experience may suggest.

The reduction, preparation, and reproduction of cha tinued, as heretofore, under the immediate direction and..

Supplements Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 to Bulletin 14 covered all reported for the very large amount of satisfactory work turned odhanges of interest to navigators arising between July 1 and December 31, 1904. In pursuance of the policy previously inaugurated of insert

of Assistant Engineer Edward Molitor, and to him is due.

year.

Surveys.-There are six parties at present in the fielding in the bulletins and supplements, as occasion arises, small maps

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the south shore of Lake Superior and the east and west shores Michigan.

Supplement No. 3 to Bulletin 14, July 15, 1904.
Supplement No. 4 to Bulletin 14, August 20, 1904.
Supplement No. 5 to Bulletin 14, September 23, 1904.
Supplement No. 6 to Bulletin 14, October 19, 1904.
Supplement No. 7 to Bulletin 14, November 19, 1904.
Supplement No. 8 to Bulletin 14, December 19, 1904.
Bulletin No. 15, April 15, 1905.
Supplement No. 1, to Bulletin 15, May 22, 1905.

Supplement No. 2, to Bulletin 15, June 22, 1905.

bowing locations of

har

bors not otherwise charted, etc., Supplement No. 8 contained an inset
chart of Holdridge shoal, a newly discovered obstruction in Lake
Huron off the south shore of Drummond Island, Michigan.

record.

of the last two seasons in the northeastern portion of a The party of Junior Engineer W. J. Graves is continu This party in June reported an important uncharted sha north of the sailing course between Simmons reef and La

Bulletin No. 15, thoroughly revised and giving the latest information obtainable as to channels, harbors, and matters of navigable interest over the entire Lakes and connecting waters, was mailed out early in May, 1905. The bulletin was 372 pages in size, and in addition to its extensive descriptive matter, contained inset maps of magnetic variations in west end of Lake Superior; Little Rapids, St. Marys River, showing available channel and aids to navigation at opening of season, 1905; vicinity of Sailors Encampment, St. Marys River, show

Junior Engineer A. D. Hollingsworth is engaged uponing channel and aids to navigation at opening of season, 1905; head of surveys for the purpose of extending the lake surveys Green Bay, including Fox River below Depere, Wis.; Holdridge shoal, to include all harbors upon the Great Lakes, many of whit Lake Huron (as included in Supplement No. 8, mentioned above); ing so rapidly in importance that it is difficult to keep pace Presque Isle Harbor, including North Bay, Lake Huron; and lower

F

Detroit River, showing channel and aids to navigation at opening of

development.

Junior Engineer H. F. Johnson's party is engaged season, 1905. The catalogue of charts, with index chart of Northern primary triangulation southward along the western short and Northwestern Lakes, was revised to date and also included. SupThe sixth and last party, under Junior Engineer M. SMA Plements Nos. 1 and 2 to this bulletin, issued prior to the close of the

Huron.

fiscal

year, covered all changes received to June 22.

is engaged in a resurvey of Les Cheneaux Islands in the not Lake Huron.

The present circulation of these publications numbers over 2,100 copies, an increase of more than 200 over the same time last year, extending to a large proportion of the most important interests

taken a number of sets of magnetic observations cover engaged in the navigation of the Lakes. In addition to this wide dis

In addition to the foregoing, Assistant Engineer Thomas Re

tribution there is an increasing demand for the books, arising not only

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from the navigators themselves, but from various outside commercial and industrial concerns and individuals whose interests are related in some measure with lake improvement.

Water levels. The stages of water in Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario in the following table are from gauge records at the places named, and are referred to mean tide at New York, adjusted levels of 1903.

Station.

Marquette
Milwaukee..
Harbor Beach.
Cleveland

Charlotte

allin

Monthly means of water level for stations named, expressed in feet above mean tide at Ner plane York.

[Adjusted levels of 1903.

1904.

July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

Mar. Apr. May, Ju

602.86 602.95 603.08 603. 26 603. 14 602.74 602.47 602.13 602.04 602.25 602,49
581.36 581.26 581.19 581.06 580.76 580.44 580.27 580.21 580. 33 580.71 580.98 51.%
581.55 581.53 581.36 581.26 580.95 580.50 580.38 580.30 580.29 580,66 580.95 581 @
573.41 573. 10 572.84 572.49 572. 12 571. 77 571.52 571. 31 571. 18 571.83 572.465729

247.78 247.56 247. 17 246.84 246.33 245. 75 245, 60 245. 28

245.06 245. 80 246. 10 246.14

The elevations of "high water of 1838" for each lake, so often referred to, are as follows (levels of 1903):

Lake Superior..
Lake Michigan.
Lake Huron

Lake Erie.

Lake Ontario.

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1905.

Stage.

602.29 St. Marys.
581.35

575. 76

572. 62 246. 18

Feet.

605.32 584.69

584.69

575.11 248.98

Corresponding mean discharge in cubic feet

per second.

St. Clair
Detroit
Niagara
St. Lawrence

River.

able

Sollars

There is also here with a sheet showing the monthly mean water an levels of all the Great Lakes from January, 1860, to June, 1905, both inclusive. (See Pl. 1.)

Discharge

77.000

206,400

Fo

less t

A

209,900

@ 215,200
255,300

ests o

Surv

comp

Th

Investigation of lake levels.-The principal field work of the year was the collection of lake temperatures for the determination of evap oration from the lake surfaces and the winter discharge measurements of the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie. In office work a large amount of rainfall data was collected and tabulated.

Tune 30

The following table gives a summary of discharges, as so far deterine 30 mined, corresponding to the mean elevations of the various lakes for the last forty-five years:

a Includes 1,200 cubic feet passing out through Erie Canal and 1,100 cubic feet through Welland

Canal.

depth

hut P

accur

and 2

shoul

refer

of offi The

and m

possib

30,19

tance

I th

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less than $10,000 should be provided for next year.
For the continuation of the work of investigating lake levels not

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from the navigators themselves, but from various outsi and industrial concerns and individuals whose interes some measure with lake improvement. A matter of greater immediate importance to the commercial interWater levels.-The stages of water in Lakes Superests of the Great Lakes is the bringing up to date of the existing Lake Huron, Erie, and Ontario in the following table are from Survey charts, their issue in colors, and the extension of the series to at the places named, and are referred to mean tides completion on a comprehensive plan. adjusted levels of 1903.

The original charts were prepared with reference to a navigation calling for a draft of only 12 feet. The soundings were referred to

Monthly means of water level for stations named, expressed in fedt de planes representing mean or average stages of water, and general

York.
[Adjusted levels of 1903.

depths exceeding 18 feet below such planes were not closely developed;
but present conditions of commerce demand that the bottom be now
accurately charted to depths of not less than 30 feet in the open lakes
and 25 feet in their connecting rivers or straits, and these depths
should relate to "low-water" stages instead of to the "mean stages"
referred to above. This calls for extensive surveys and a vast amount
of office work, all of which must be done with great care and accuracy.
The work has been inaugurated with a considerable plant and force,
and means should be supplied to carry it to completion as rapidly as
possible. An expenditure of $115,000 during the year ending June
30, 1907, will be necessary for such reasonable progress as the circum-

Station.

July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.

Marquette.
602.86 602,95 603.08 603. 26 603. 14 602.74 602.47 602. 13 602 046
Milwaukee.. 581.36 581.26 581.19 581.06 580.76 580.44 580.27 580.21, 580.33 58
Harbor Beach. 581.55 581.53 581.36 581.26 580.95 580.50 580.38 580.30 52
Cleveland 573.41 573.10 572.84 572, 49 572. 12 571. 77 571.52 571.31, 5
Charlotte.....
247.78 247.56 247.17 246.84 246.33 245.75 245.60) 245.28 245.06 2

1904.

The elevations of "high water of 1838" for each lab stances of the case require. referred to, are as follows (levels of 1903):

Lake Superior..

Lake Michigan.

Lake Huron

Lake Erie.
Lake Ontario..

L

There is also herewith a sheet showing the monthly levels of all the Great Lakes from January, 1860, to June. inclusive. (See Pl. 1.) Investigation of lake levels.-The principal field work day 1, 1904, balance unexpended

was the collection of lake temperatures for the determinating March 9, 1905, amount allotted from sundry civil act approved March 3,

1905..

of the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie. In office was amount of rainfall data was collected and tabulated.

June 30, 1905, amount withdrawn during fiscal year

The following table gives a summary of discharges, as so June 30, 1905, amount expended during fiscal year.

mined, corresponding to the meat elevations of the various the last forty-five years:

Superior. Huron.. St. Clair.. Erie. Ontario..

Mean elevation for 45 years (1860-1904) above mean tide at New York City.

Lake.

I therefore recommend and, so far as permissible, urge that the appropriation for the year 1907 be made to cover the two amounts above indicated, as follows:

For survey of Northern and Northwestern Lakes, including all necessary expenses for preparing, correcting, extending, printing, and issuing charts and bulletins, and of investigating lake levels with a view to their regulation, to be immediately available and to remain available until expended, one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars.

Money statement.

a Includes 1,200 cubic feet passing out through Erie Canal and 1,100 cubic feet t Canal.

$198, 698. 24 95,000.00 293, 698.24

$3.79 116, 939.06

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July 1, 1905, balance unexpended
July 1, 1905, outstanding liabilities

July 1, 1905, balance available

July 1, 1905, amount covered by uncompleted contracts.........

Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30,
1907, in addition to the balance unexpended July 1, 1905...

116, 942.85 176, 755. 39 10, 576. 44

166, 178.95 381.77

125,000.00

Dates and amounts of appropriations for surveys of Northern and Northwestern Lakes.

$15,000

20,000
30,000

March 2, 1868.
July 20, 1868.
March 3, 1869
July 15, 1870..

20,000

March 3, 1841 March 18, 1842 March 1, 1843.. June 17, 1844. March 3, 1845 August 8, 1846. August 12, 1848. March 3, 1849. September 28, 1850

20,000

March 3, 1871

June 10, 1872.

March 3, 1851. August 30, 1852. March 3, 1853. August 5, 1854. March 3, 1855. August 30, 1856. March 3, 1857. June 12, 1858.. March 3, 1859. June 21, 1860. March 2, 1861. July 5, 1862.. February 9, 1863 July 2, 1864.. February 28, 1865 June 12, 1866..

March 2, 1867.

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25,000

25,000

10,000

25,000

25,000
25,000

June 6, 1900...
March 3, 1901

June 28, 1902.
March 3, 1903.

50,000

50,000

50,000

50,000

50,000

75,000

75,000

75,000

75,000

105,000
106, 879
100,000

125,000
50,000

77,500

$3,000
3,000

3,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,939, 879

Printing and issue of charts for use of navigators and electrotyping copperplates for chart

printing.

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

March 3, 1873.

June 23, 1874.
March 3, 1875.

July 31, 1876 (not including
$16,000 applied to survey of
Mississippi River).
March 3, 1877 (not including
$25,000 applied to survey of
Mississippi River and inclu-
ding $9,500 received from
sale of steamers)

June 20, 1878 (not including
$49,500 applied to survey of
Mississippi River)

March 3, 1879.

June 16, 1880.
March 3, 1881

August 7, 1882.

Total

25,000

25,000

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Surveys and additions to and correcting engraved plates.

$5,000 June 11, 1896.
10,000 June 4, 1897.
10,000

July 1, 1898.
March 3, 1899

5,000

25,000

Total...

$77,500

75,000

100,000

100,000

175,000

175,000

175,000

175,000

150,000

84,000

$75,000 April 28, 1904
100,000

March 3, 1905 .

150,000

150,000

Total..

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Surveys, including investigations of lake levels, correcting, printing, and issuing charts and

bulletins.

$25,000 25,000

25,000

25,000

205,000

$150,000 100,000

725,000

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