Article 1. Each one of the Contracting Powers undertakes to establish or designate an authority charged with the duty of

(1) Centralizing all information which may facilitate the tracing and repressing of facts constituting infringements of their municipal law as to obscene writings, drawings, pictures or articles, and the constitutive elements of which bear an international character.

(2) Supplying all information tending to check the importation of publications or articles referred to in the foregoing paragraph and also to insure or expedite their seizure all within the scope of municipal legislation.

(3) Communicating the laws that have already been or may subsequently be enacted in their respective States in regard to the object of the present Arrangement.

The Contracting Governments shall mutually make known to one another, through the Government of the French Republic, the authority established or designated in accordance with the present Article.

Art. 2. The authority designated in Article I shall be empowered to correspond directly with the like service established in each one of the other Contracting States.

Art. 3. The authority designated in Article I shall be bound, if there be nothing to the contrary in the municipal law of its country, to communicate bulletins of the sentences passed in said country to the similar authorities of all the other Contracting States in case of offences coming under Article 1.

Art. 4. Non-Signatory States shall be permitted to adhere to the present arrangement. They shall notify their intention to that effect by means of an instrument which shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the French Republic. The said Government shall send through diplomatic channel a certified copy of the said instrument to each of the Contracting States and shall at the same time apprize them of the date of deposit.

Six months after that date the Arrangement shall go into effect throughout the territory of the adhering State which will thereby become a Contracting State.

The remaining articles numbered 5 to 8 are in the usual form for general conventions. It is signed by fourteen of the leading nations and bears date at Paris May 4, 1910.4

INTERNATIONAL AMERICAN CONFERENCES

Four conferences of the American Republics for the consideration of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere have been held. The first was convened at Washington on October 2, 1889, on the invitation of the United States, and was attended 4 Senate Documents, 3d Session 62nd Congress, 10, 133.

by representatives of Mexico, Haiti, and all the states of Central and South America. Subsequent conferences were held at the city of Mexico in October, 1901 to January, 1902, and in Rio de Janeiro in July, 1906. A fourth conference I was held at Buenos Aires at which all the American nations except Bolivia were represented, at which the four following conventions were signed by the delegates of the twenty American republics. These conventions evidence the advancing sentiment of all the Americas on the subject of international relations and are as follows:

PECUNIARY CLAIMS CONVENTION

Their Excellencies the Presidents of the United States of America, Argentine Republic, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Salvador, Uruguay and Venezuela;

Being desirous that their respective countries may be represented at the Fourth International American Conference have sent the following delegates, duly authorized to approve the recommendations, resolutions, conventions, and treaties which may be advantageous to the interests of America;

(Here follows a list of the names of all the delegates)

Who, after having presented their credentials and the same having been found in due and proper form, have agreed upon the following Convention on Pecuniary Claims:

First. The High Contracting Parties agree to submit to arbitration all claims for pecuniary loss or damage which may be presented by their respective citizens and which cannot be amicably adjusted through diplomatic channels, when said claims are of sufficient importance to warrant the expense of arbitration.

The decision shall be rendered in accordance with the principles of international law.

Second. The High Contracting Parties agree to submit to the decision of the permanent Court of Arbitration of The Hague all controversies which are the subject matter of the present treaty, unless both parties agree to constitute a special jurisdiction.

If a case is submitted to the Permanent Court of The Hague, the High Contracting Parties accept the provisions of the treaty relating to the organization of that arbitral tribunal, to the procedure to be followed, and to the obligation to comply with the sentence.

Third. If it shall be agreed to constitute a special jurisdiction, there shall be prescribed in the convention by which this is determined the rules according to which the tribunal shall proceed, which shall have cognizance

of the questions involved in the claims referred to in article 1 of the present treaty.

Fourth. The present treaty shall come into force immediately after the 31st of December, 1912, when the treaty on pecuniary claims, signed at Mexico on January 31, 1902,and extended by the treaty signed at Rio de Janeiro on August 13, 1916, expires.

It shall remain in force indefinitely, as well for the nations which shall then have ratified it as those which shall ratify it subsequently.

The ratifications shall be transmitted to the Government of the Argentine Republic, which shall communicate them to the other contracting parties.

Fifth. Any of the nations ratifying the present treaty may denounce it, on its own part, by giving two year's notice in writing, in advance, of its intention so to do..

This notice shall be transmitted to the Government of the Argentine Republic and through its intermediation to the other contracting parties. Sixth. The treaty of Mexico shall continue in force after December 31, 1912, as to any claims which may, prior to that date, have been submitted to arbitration under its provisions.

In witness whereof the plenipotentiaries and delegates sign this convention and affix to it the seal of the Fourth International American Conference.

Made and signed in the city of Buenos Aires, on the 11th day of August, in the year 1910, in the Spanish, English, Portuguese, and French languages, and filed in the ministry of foreign affairs of the Argentine Republic, in order that certified copies may be taken to be forwarded through the appropriate diplomatic channels to each one of the signatory nations.

(Signatures) 5

CONVENTION CONCERNING LITERARY AND ARTISTIC COPYRIGHT

(Introductory recitals omitted)

First. The signatory States acknowledge and protect the rights of literary and artistic property in conformity with the stipulations of the present convention.

Second. In the expression "literary and artistic works" are included books, writings, pamphlets of all kinds, whatever may be the subject of which they treat, and whatever the number of their pages; dramatic or dramatico-musical works; choreographic and musical compositions, with or without words; drawings, paintings, sculpture, engravings; photographic works; astronomical or geographical globes; plans, sketches or plaster works relating to geography, geology or topography, architecture or any other science; and, finally, all productions that can be published by any means of impression or reproduction.

5 Senate Documents, 3rd Session 62nd Congress, 10, 345.

Third. The acknowledgement of a copyright obtained in one state, in conformity with its laws, shall produce its effects of full right, in all the other states, without the necessity of complying with any other formality, provided always there shall appear in the work a statement that indicates the reservation of the property right.

Fourth. The copyright of a literary or artistic work, includes for its author or assigns the exclusive power of disposing of the same, of publishing, assigning, translating, or authorizing its translation and reproducing it in any form whether wholly or in part.

Fifth. The author of a protected work, except in case of proof to the contrary, shall be considered the person whose name or well known nom de plume is indicated therein; consequently suit brought by such author or his representative against counterfeiters or violators, shall be admitted by the courts of the signatory states.

Sixth. The authors or their assigns, citizens or domiciled foreigners, shall enjoy in the signatory countries the rights that the respective laws accord, without those rights being allowed to exceed the term of protection granted in the country of origin.

For works comprising several volumes that are not published simultaneously, as well as for bulletins, or parts, or periodical publications, the term of the copyright will commence to run, with respect to each volume, bulletin, part, or periodical publication, from the respective date of its publication.

Seventh. The country of origin of a work will be deemed that of its first publication in America, and if it shall have appeared simultaneously in several of the signatory countries, that which fixes the shortest period of protection.

Eighth. A work which was not originally copyrighted shall not be entitled to copyright in subsequent editions.

Ninth. Authorized translations shall be protected in the same manner as original works.

Translators of works concerning which no right of guaranteed property exists, or the guaranteed copyright of which may have been extinguished, may obtain for their translations the rights of property set forth in article 3, but they shall not prevent the publication of other translations of the same work.

Tenth. Addresses or discourses delivered or read before deliberative assemblies, courts of justice, or at public meetings, may be printed in the daily press without the necessity of any authorization, with due regard, however, to the provisions of the domestic legislation of each nation.

Eleventh. Literary, scientific, or artistic writings, whatever may be their subjects, published in newspapers or magazines, in any one of the countries of the union, shall not be reproduced in the other countries without the consent of the authors. With the exception of the works mentioned, any article in a newspaper may be reprinted by others, if it has not been expressly prohibited, but in every case the source from which it is taken must be cited.

News and miscellaneous items published merely for general information do not enjoy protection under this convention.

Twelfth. The reproduction of extracts from literary or artistic publications for the purpose of instruction or chrestomathy, does not confer any right of property, and may therefore be freely made in all the signatory countries.

Thirteenth. The indirect appropriation of unauthorized parts of a literary or artistic work, having no original character, shall be deemed an illicit reproduction, in so far as affects civil liability.

The reproduction of any form of an entire work, or of the greater part thereof, accompanied by notes or commentaries under the pretext of literary criticism or amplification, or supplement to the original work, shall also be considered illicit.

Fourteenth. Every publication infringing a copyright may be confiscated in the signatory countries in which the original work had the right to be legally protected, without prejudice to the indemnities or penalties which the counterfeiters may have incurred according to the laws of the country in which the fraud may have been committed.

Fifteenth. Each of the Governments of the signatory countries, shall retain the right to permit, inspect, or prohibit the circulation, representation, or exhibition of works or productions concerning which the proper authority may have to exercise that right.

Sixteenth. The present convention shall become operative between the signatory States which ratify it three months after they shall have communicated their ratification to the Argentine Government, and it shall remain in force among them until a year after the date when it may be denounced. This denunciation shall be addressed to the Argentine Government and shall be without force except with respect to the country making it.

In witness whereof the plenipotentiaries have signed the present treaty and affixd thereto the seal of the Fourth International American Conference.

Made and signed in the city of Buenos Aires on the 11th day of August in the year 1910, in Spanish, English, Portuguese, and French, and deposited in the ministry of foreign affairs of the Argentine Republic in order that certified copies be made for transmission to each of the signatory nations through the appropriate diplomatic channels.

(Signatures) 6

CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF TRADE-MARKS

(Introductory recitals omitted)

Article I. The signatory nations enter into this convention for the protection of trade-marks and commercial names.

Art. 2. Any mark duly registered in one of the signatory States shall

6 Senate Documents, 3d Session 62nd Congress, 10, 349.