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TANNRATH, JOHN J., CHANCELLOR OF THE ARCH

DIOCESE OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI: Saint Louis,
Archdiocese of.

TAYLOR, HANNIS, LL.D., LATE MINISTER PLENI

POTENTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES TO SPAIN, PROFESSOR OF INTERNATIONAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, Georgetown UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON: Ryan, Abram J. THOMPKINS, JOHN J., S.J., SEMINARY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION, VIGAN, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Saint Thomas, University of. THURSTON, HERBERT, S.J., LONDON: Richard I, King of England; Rings; Ritualists; Roger of Hoveden; Roger of Wendover; Rolls Series; Roman Catholic; Rosary, The; Rosary, Confraternity of the Holy; Rosary, Feast of the Holy; Rotuli; Royal Declaration, The; Santa Casa di Loreto; Seal; Shakespeare, The Religion of; Shroud, The Holy; Shrovetide; Sign of the Cross; Simeon Stylites, the Elder; Simeon Stylites, the Younger; Saints.

TOKE, LESLIE ALEXANDER ST. LAWRENCE,
B.A., STRATTON-ON-THE-FOSSE, BATH, ENGLAND:
Romuald, Saint.

TOSCANO, JULIAN, VICAR-GENERAL OF THE DIO-
CESE OF SALTA, ARGENTINA: Salta, Diocese of.
TROBEC, JAMES, S.T.D., BISHOP OF ST. CLOUD,
MINNESOTA: Saint Cloud, Diocese of.
TURNER, MGR. JAMES P., S.T.D., PHILADEL-
PHIA, PENNSYLVANIA: Ryan, Patrick John.
TURNER, WILLIAM, B.A., S.T.D., PROFESSOR OF
LOGIC AND THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, CATH-
OLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, WASHINGTON:
Robert of Courçon; Robert of Melun; Robert
Pullus; Scholasticism; Schools; Sedulius Scotus.
URQUHART, FRANCIS FORTESCUE, FELLOW

AND LECTURER IN MODERN HISTORY, BALLIOL
COLLEGE, OXFORD: Roper, William.

VAILHÉ, SIMÉON, A.A., MEMBER OF THE RUS-
SIAN ARCHEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF CONSTAN-
TINOPLE, ROME: Rhodes; Salmas; Samaria;
Samos; Samosata; Sardes; Sardica; Sarepta;
Scythopolis; Sebastia; Seerth; Sehna, Diocese of;
Seleucia Pieria; Seleucia Trachaea; Sergiopolis;
Sidon, Melchite and Maronite See.

VANDER HEEREN, ACHILLE, S.T.L. (LOUVAIN),

PROFESSOR OF MORAL THEOLOGY AND LIBRA-
RIAN, GRANDE SÉMINAIRE, BRUGES, BELGIUM:
Scandal; Septuagint Version.

VAN HOVE, A., D.C.L., PROFESSOR OF CHURCH
HISTORY AND CANON LAW, UNIVERSITY OF LOU-
VAIN: Sandes, Felino Maria.

VAN ORTROY, FRANCIS, S.J., BRUSSELS: Ribade-
neira, Pedro de; Ricci, Lorenzo.
VASCHALDE, A.A., C.S.B., CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
OF AMERICA, WASHINGTON: Serapion of Thmuis,
Saint.

VIEBAN, ANTHONY, S.S., S.T.D., D.C.L., CATH

OLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA; WASHINGTON:
Seminary, Ecclesiastical.

WAINEWRIGHT, JOHN BANNERMAN, B.A. (OXON.), LONDON: Richardson, William, Venerable; Richard Thirkeld, Blessed; Rigby, John, Venerable; Risby, Richard; Robinson, Christopher, Venerable; Roe, Bartholomew, Venerable; Roger Cadwallador, Venerable; Sandy, John,

Venerable; Scott, William Maurus; Sebastian
Newdigate, Blessed; Sedgwick, Thomas; Ser-
geant, Richard, Venerable; Shelley, Richard;
Sherson, Martin.

WALKER, LESLIE J., S.J., M.A. (LOND.); ST. BEUNO'S COLLEGE, ST. ASAPH, WALES: Scepticism.

WALLAU, HEINRICH WILHELM, MAINZ, GerMANY: Schöffer, Peter.

WALTER, ALOYSIUS, C.SS.R., ROME: Rossini, Gioacchino Antonio; Scarlatti, Alessandro; Schelble, Johann Nepomuk.

WARD, MGR. BERNARD, CANON OF WESTMINSTER, F.R. HIST. SOC., PRESIDENT OF ST. EDMUND'S COLLEGE, WARE, ENGLAND: Saint Omer, College of.

WARREN, CORNELIUS J., C.SS.R., PROFESSOR OF SACRED SCRIPTURE, REDEMPTORIST HOUSE OF STUDIES, ESOPUS, NEW YORK: Seelos, Francis X. WEBER, N. A., S.M., S.T.D., PROFESSOR OF CHURCH HISTORY, MARIST COLLEGE, WASHINGTON: Rey, Anthony; Rho, Giacomo; Rhodes, Alexandre de; Riffel, Caspar; Ritter, Joseph Ignatius; Robert of Geneva; Rocca, Angelo; Rodríguez, João; Rohault de Fleury; Rohrbacher, René François; Rostock, Sebastian von; Rudolf of Rüdesheim; Sarabaites; Schwenckfeldians; Sect and Sects; Sibour, Marie-Dominique-Auguste; Simon of Cramaud.

WEBSTER, D. RAYMUND, O.S.B., M.A. (Oxon.), DOWNSIDE ABBEY, BATH, ENGLAND: Robert of Arbissel; Robert of Newminster, Saint; Roseline, Saint.

WELCH, SIDNEY READ, S.T.D., PH.D., J.P., EDITOR OF "THE CATHOLIC MAGAZINE FOR SOUTH AFRICA", CAPE TOWN: Santos, João dos. WEST, ALBERT BENJAMIN, M.A., LL.B., PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND: Rhode Island. WHITFIELD, JOSEPH LOUIS, M.A. (CANTAB.),

OSCOTT COLLEGE, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND: Rowsham, Stephen; Scott, Montford, Blessed. WILHELM, JOSEPH, S.T.D., PH.D., AAchen, GerMANY: Roman Catechism; Scheeben, Matthias Joseph.

WILLIAMSON, GEORGE CHARLES, LITT.D.,
LONDON; Rosa, Salvatore; Rosselli, Cosimo; Ru-
bens, Peter Paul; Sánchez, Alonzo Coello; Scan-
nabecchi, Filippo; Schaufelin, Hans Leonhard;
Schongauer, Martin; Signorelli, Luca.
WITZEL, THEOPHILUS, O.F.M., PROFESSOR OF
SACRED SCRIPTURE, COLLEGIO S. ANTONIO,
ROME: Roger Bacon.

WOLFSGRUBER, COELESTINE, O.S.B., Vienna:
Salzburg, Archdiocese of; Sankt Pölten, Diocese
of; Schwarzenburg, Freidrich, Prince of; Sebe-
nico, Diocese of; Serajevo, Archdiocese of.
ZIMMERMAN, BENEDICT, O.D.C., ST. LUKE'S
PRIORY, WINCANTON, SOMERSETSHIRE, ENG-
LAND: Rites: Carmelite; Salmanticenses and
Complutenses.

ZWIERLEIN, FREDERICK J., S.T.L., DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES MORALES ET HISTORIQUES (LOUVAIN), PROFESSOR OF CHURCH HISTORY, ST. BERNARD'S SEMINARY, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK: Rochester, Diocese of.

Tables of Abbreviations

The following tables and notes are intended to guide readers of THE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA in interpreting those abbreviations, signs, or technical phrases which, for economy of space, will be most frequently used in the work. For more general information see the article ABBREVIATIONS, ECCLESIASTICAL.

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NOTE I.-Large Roman numerals standing alone indicate volumes. Small Roman numerals standing alone indicate chapters. Arabic numerals standing alone indicate pages. In other cases the divisions are explicitly stated. Thus "Rashdall, Universities of Europe, I, ix" refers the reader to the ninth chapter of the first volume of that work; "I, p. ix" would indicate the ninth page of the preface of the same volume.

NOTE II.-Where St. Thomas (Aquinas) is cited without the name of any particular work the reference is always to "Summa Theologica" (not to "Summa Philosophia"). The divisions of the "Summa Theol." are indicated by a system which may best be understood by the following example: "I-II, Q. vi, a. 7, ad 2 um" refers the reader to the seventh article of the sixth question in the first part of the second part, in the response to the second objection.

NOTE III.-The abbreviations employed for the various books of the Bible are obvious. Ecclesiasticus is indicated by Ecclus., to distinguish it from Ecclesiastes (Eccles.). It should also be noted that I and II Kings in D. V. correspond to I and II Samuel in A. V.; and I and II Par. to I and II Chronicles. Where, in the spelling of a proper name, there is a marked difference between the D. V. and the A. V., the form found in the latter is added, in parentheses.

Full Page Illustrations in Volume XIII

Frontispiece in Colour

The Rapture of the Magdalen, etc.-Jusepe de Ribera..
Equestrian Statue of Richard I, Palace Yard, Westminster.
Triple Portrait of Cardinal Richelieu-Philippe de Champaigne .
Ruins of the Nave and Transept of Rievaulx Abbey....
Rome Gate of S. Paolo with Pyramid of Caius Sestius, etc..
Rome Basilica of St. Sebastian, etc...

Rome Piazza and Basilica of St. Mary Major, etc.

Rood Loft with Organ, in the Hofkirche, Innsbruck

Distant View of the Cathedral, Rouen...

The Doctors of the Church, etc.-Peter Paul Rubens..

Piazza and Façade of St. Peter's Carlo Maderna and Bernini
Façade of the New Cathedral, Salamanca..

Salisbury Cathedral, West Front....

PAGE

32

42

48

54

168

169

176

182

212

213

374

390

400

San Marino-The Castle, View from the North, etc.

448

The Nativity, Piero da San Sepolcro...

452

Loreto-Bas-relief showing the translation of the Holy House, etc.

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Sicily-Corso Vittorio Emanuele, with the Neptune, Messina, etc.

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