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A. S. V. MANSFELDE, M. D., Secretary of the Nebraska State Medical Society, writes = "Physicians generally have registered, but otherwise the law is not enforced."

A committee of the State Medical Society reported (1882) as follows:

The law has had a good effect, in that it is now possible to learn what are the qualifications of so largo a number of medical practitioners in the State, and yet your committee are compelled to report that the law is virtually a failure, so far as affording protection to the people from the imposition of quacks.

"From the fact that there is no tribunal before which may be determined the genuineness of a diploma or license, all kinds of papers purporting to be diplomas are spread upon our record books, and the people, for whose protection the law was intended, not being able to discriminate between the true and the false. are thus cruelly deceived by a so-called doctor, holding a diploma issued by some quack in Cincinnati, St. Louis, or elsewhere.

"Your committee direct especial attention to the large number of fraudulent diplomas found, and earnestly request that some action be taken by which the State may be freed of these imposters."

The act was amended after the writing of this report, but as the recommendation of the society that a tribunal should be appointed which should determine the genuineness of diplomas, was not heeded, the law, doubtless, remains inoperative as before.

OMAHA MEDICAL COLLEGE.

Omaha, Neb. (Pop., 30 518.)

Organized in 1881. The outgrowth of a preparatory school, established in 1880, under the name of the Nebraska School of Medicine.-The faculty embraces fourteen professors and a demonstrator.

COURSE OF INSTRUCTION: One annual course of twenty-two weeks' duration.-Students not attending regularly, or leaving before the close of the session, are catalogued as partial-course students. Three years graded course recommended but not required. Daily examinations by the faculty.-Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, clinical surgery, obstetrics, diseases of women, diseases of children, practice of medicine, principles and practice of surgery, therapeutics, mental and nervous diseases, medical jurisprudence, histology, pathology, ophthalmolgy, otology, laryngology.

REQUIREMENTS: For admission, (a) satisfactory evidence of good moral character; (b) eighteen years of age; (c) creditable English education."--For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) "such preliminary education as is clearly requisite for a proper standing with the public and the profession;" (4) three years' study: (5) two full courses; (6) clinical instruction for one session; (7) practical anatomy and chemistry, one course; (8) full and satisfactory written and oral examination on each branch taught; (9) thesis.

FEES: Matriculation, $5; demonstrator, $10; lectures, $35; graduation, $25. STUDENTS: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates

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Average percent. of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, twenty-six. REMARKS: Six partial-course students are counted among the matriculates of 1881-82. and five among the matriculates of 1882-83.

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA.
Lincoln, Neb. (Pop. 13 003.)

Organized in 1883.-The faculty embraces eight professors and one demonstrator. COURSE OF INSTRUCTION: One course of lectures of twenty-four weeks' duration annually. Clinical teaching, practice in diagnosis, daily examinations and chemical and microscopical manipulations will occupy a prominent position in the course of instruction.-Lectures embrace descriptive and surgical anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, therapeutics, principles and practice of medicine, surgery, surgical pathology, obstetrics, gynecology, diseases of children, ophthalmology, otology, and medical jurisprudence.

REQUIREMENTS: For admission: "No one will be admitted to this department unless the faculty is satisfied that he is sufficiently advanced in an English education to pursue, with advantage, the study of medicine.-For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) "must pursue successfully the study of practical anatomy and practical chemistry;" (4) three full courses of lectures; (5) satisfactory examination in all the branches taught.

FEES: None.

NEVADA.

Population, 62 266. Number of physicians, 134. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 464.

AN ACT to Prevent the Practice of Medicine and Surgery by Unqualified Persons.

The People of the State of Nevada, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows:

SECTION 1. No person shall practice medicine or surgery in this State who has not received a medical education and a diploma from some regularly chartered medical school; said school to have a bona fide existence at the time when said diploma was granted.

§ 2. Every physician or surgeon, when about to take up his residence in this State, or who now resides here, shall file for record with the county recorder of the county in which he is about to practice his profession, or where he now practices it, a copy of his diploma at the same time exhibiting the original, or a certificate from the dean of the medical school of which he is a graduate, certifying to his graduation.

$3. Every physician or surgeon, when filing a copy of his diploma or certificate of graduation, as required by section two of this act, shall be identified as the person named in the papers about to be filed, either by affidavit of two citizens of the county, or by his affidavit taken before a notary public or commissioner of deeds for this State, which affidavit shall be filed in the office of the county recorder.

$4. Any person practicing medicine or surgery in this State without complying with sections one, two and three of this act, shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars ($50), nor more than five hundred dollars ($500), or by imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not less than thirty (30) days nor more than six (6) months, or by both fine and imprisonment, for each and every offense; and any person filing or attempting to file, as his own, the diploma or certificate of graduation of another, or a forged affidavit of identification, shall be guilty of a felony, and, upon conviction, shall be subject to such fine and imprisonment as is made and provided by the statutes of this State for said offense.

§ 5. It shall be the duty of the police, sheriff or constable to arrest all persons practicing medicine or surgery in this State who have not complied with the provisions of this act, and the officer making the arrest shall be entitled to one-half of the fine collected.

§ 6. No portion of this act shall apply to any person who, in an emergency, may prescribe or give advice in medicine or surgery in a township where no physician resides, or where no physician resides within convenient distance; nor to those who have practiced medicine and surgery in this State for a period of ten years next preceding the passage of this act, nor to persons prescribing in their own family.

§ 7. This act shall go into force sixty (60) days after its final passage.
Approved January 28, 1875.

The following supreme court decisions relating to the above act are given in the digest of Nevada Reports and Lawyer's Circuit Court Reports (page 297, 1878.)

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PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS.

1. Act to prevent the practice of medicine and surgery by unqualified persons constitutional. In construing section 6 of said act, which provides that it shall not apply "to those who have practiced medicine or surgery in this State for a period of ten years next preceding the passage of this act," held that said provision is not in violation of section 21 of art iv. of the State constitution. 10 Nev. 323.

2. Idem-How far constitutional. Held, that there is some reason for requiring ten years' practice in this State as a qualification for the continued practice of medicine and surgery: but there is no sort of reason for requiring that practice to have extended over the particular ten years immediately preceding the enactment of the law, and to this extent the law is unconstitutional, because in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the federal constitution; but omitting the words "next preceding the passage of this act." leaves a good and perfect statute: (By Beatty, J.)

3. Idem. Held. that said section is not in conflict with any of the provisions of the State or federal constitution: (By Hawley, C. J.)

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Population, 346 991. Number of physicians, 610. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 567. GENERAL LAWS Relating to the Practice of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry.

CHAPTER 132. SECTION 1. It shall not be lawful for any person to practice medicine, surgery or midwifery unless such person shall have obtained a license from some medical society organized under the laws of this State, stating that he is qualified in the branches of the medical profession named in said license.

$2. Every medical society, organized under the laws of this State, shall, at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed in its charter or by-laws, elect a board of censors, consisting of three members, who shall be elected for such term as may be prescribed in said charter or by-laws, which board shall have authority to examine and license persons to practice medicine, surgery or midwifery. The board shall issue licenses without examination to all persons who furnish evidence by diploma from some medical school authorized to confer degrees in medicine and surgery, when said board is satisfied that the person presenting such diploma has obtained it after pursuing some prescribed course of study and upon due examination. Said board shall also have power, upon due notice and hearing, to revoke any license granted by said board when improperly obtained, or when the holder has, by conviction for crime, or any other cause, ceased to be worthy of public confidence. Such license or revocation shall be recorded by the

clerk of said medical society.

$ 3 It shall not be lawful for any person, who is not duly authorized to practice medicine or surgery, to practice dentistry unless such person has received a dental degree from some college, university or medical school authorized to confer the same, or shall have obtained a license from the New Hampshire dental society.

§ 4. Said dental society shall, at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed in its charter or by-laws, elect a board of censors, consisting of three members, who shall be elected for such term as may be prescribed by the society, which board shall have authority to examine and license persons to practice dentistry. The license shall be recorded by the clerk of said society.

85. No person receiving a license as herein provided shall be authorized to practice until he shall have procured the same to be recorded by the clerk of the court in the county where he resides, if a resident of this State; if not a resident of this State, in the county were he intends to practice. Such licenses shall be recorded in a book provided for that purpose, and which shall bear the title and inscription of the medical and dental register of ... county, and the fee for recording the same shall be fifty cents.

$6. Each person receiving a license upon examination shall pay, for the use of the society granting the same, the sum of five dollars; upon diploma, one dollar.

§ 7. If any person shall practice medicine, surgery, midwifery or dentistry without being duly anthorized as provided in this chapter, or after his license is revoked, he shall be punished by fine of not more than three hundred dollars for each offense.

§8. The provisions of the preceding sections shall not apply to persons who have resided and practiced their profession in the town or city of their present residence during all the time since January first, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, nor to physicians residing out of the State, when called into the State for consultation with duly licensed physicians, or to attend upon patients in the regular course of their business.

Dr. IRVING A. WATSON, Secretary of the New Hampshire State board of health, writes: While the medical act now in force in this State is not all that can be desired, it has done a great deal of good, especially in reducing the number of traveling quacks. At the time of its enactment, it sent a good many uneducated practitioners out of the State, and has undoubtedly kept many of that class from locating in the State. Several attempts have been made to repeal it by Boston quacks, in order to operate in this State, but they have, in every instance, been unsuccessful.

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF DARTMOUTH College.

(New Hampshire Medical Institute.)

Hanover. (Pop. 1134.)

Organized in 1797. The first class was graduated in 1798. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year.-The faculty embraces eleven professors, one lecturer, and an instructor.

COURSE OF INSTRUCTION: One regular course of sixteen weeks' duration, one recitation course of twenty-four weeks' duration, annually. "Clinical instruction will be given to as large an extent as circumstances will admit."-Lectures as follows: The courses in chemistry, surgery and practice consist of sixty-six lectures each; in anatomy and physiology, ninety-nine lectures; in obstetrics and therapeutics, forty-four lectures each; in gynecology, of twenty-two lectures; shorter courses in medical jurisprudence, mental diseases, ophthalmology, laryngology, pharmacy, urinary analysis.

REQUIREMENTS: For admission, applicants must be eighteen years of age, and, unless already matriculates in medicine or graduates of some reputable college, academy or high school, will be examined as to their fitness for entering upon and appreciating the technical study of medicine. They will be expected to be familiar with the elementary principles of physics (light, heat,electricity.etc.), on entrance.-For graduation: (1) twentyone years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) three full years' study; (5) one course of dissection. Two examinations annually.

FEES: Matriculation $5; lectures, $77; graduation, $25; recitation term, $40.

STUDENTS: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates

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Average percent. of graduates o matriculates during the past six years, thirty-five.
Number of Illinois students attending during the past session, 1.
Number of graduates in Illinois, 22.

NEW JERSEY.

Population, 1 131 116. Number of physicians, 1595. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 709.

AN ACT to Regulate the Practice of Medicine and Surgery.

Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey: SECTION 1. That every person practicing medicine or surgery in this State, in any of their branches, for gain, or who shall receive or accept for his or her services any fee or reward, either directly or indirectly, shall be a graduate of some legally chartered medical college or university in good standing, or some medical society having power by law to grant diplomas; and such person before entering upon said practice shall deposit a copy of his or her diploma, with the clerk of the county in which he or she may sojourn or reside, and shall pay said clerk ten cents for filing the same in his office; said copy to be a matter of record, and open to public inspection.

§ 2. That any person who shall practice medicine or surgery without conforming to the requirements of the first section of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, shall be punished by a fine of twenty-five dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months, or both, at the discretion of the court, for each prescription made, operation performed, or professional service rendered: Provided, that any person who shall have had twenty years' experience in the practice of medicine and surgery in one locality, shall be exempt from the provisions of this act.

§ 3. That it shall be unlawful for any person, not qualified according to the first section of this act, to collect any fees for medical or surgical services.

§ 4. That any person who shall offer for record a copy of any diploma which shall have been issued to any other person, or a diploma issued or obtained fraudulently, shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not less than three hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, or imprisonment at hard labor for not less than one nor more than three years, or both, at the discretion of the court.

§ 5. That nothing in this act shall be so construed as to prevent any physician or surgeon in good standing, and legally qualified to practice medicine or surgery in the State in which he or she resides, from practicing in tuis State; but all persons opening any office, or appointing any place where he or she may meet patients or receive calls, shall be deemed a sojourner in this State, and shall conform to the first section of this act.

§ 6. That this act shall take effect on the first day of June, one thousand eight hundred and eighty.

Original act, approved March 12, 1880. The second section, as given, being an amendment to the original act, was approved March 2, 1881.

The following supplement was approved March 17, 1882:

That any physician residing and practicing medicine and surgery in this State, and being a graduate of a regularly chartered medical college or university having the power to grant diplomas, who within one year after the passage of the act to which this is a supplement, shall have deposited a copy of his or her diploma with the clerk of the county, as required by said act, shall not be liable to any of the fines or penalties prescribed by said act, for failure to comply with the terms thereof.

MEDICAL SOCIETY OF NEW JERSEY.

Organized in 1776. The society does not give instruction. It was authorized to confer the degree of M. D. in 1866. The section of the act to reorganize the Medical Society of New Jersey and conferring this power, is as follows: "And be it enacted, that the society shall have the authority to confer the degree of M. D., under such rules and regulations as they may adopt, which degree shall be deemed sufficient evidence of a regularly educated and qualified practitioner of the healing art."

Regulations of the society concerning the conferring of the degree of Doctor of Medcine and honorary membership:

SECTION 1. Candidates for the degree of medicinæ doctor, may apply to any district society of this State, and shall be admitted to examination under the following rules and regulations:

1st. Each district society shall appoint annually, or pro re nata, a committee of not less than five members, who shall conduct the examination.

zd: All examinations shall be in the presence of the society at a regular meeting; and no candidate shall be examined until he has given satisfactory evidence of having reached the age of twenty-one years; is of good moral character: and has pursued his medical studies under the care of some regular practitioner for the term of three years; including two courses of lectures in some medical institution in affiliation with the American Medical Association. If he has not graduated at some academic college, then the society shall be satisfied that his preliminary education has been such as to qualify him for the study and practice of medicine.

3d. The examination shall extend to all the branches taught in the medical schools recognized as aforesaid; and the candidate shall then be balloted for by the society: and if he shall receive the approving votes of two-thirds of all the members present, the presiding officer shall give a certificate to that effect to the candidate.

4th. This certificate may be presented at the next or any subsequent regular meeting of this society, not extending beyond the period of three years, with a written thesis upon some medical subject; and if upon a ballot they shall be approved by a majority of the members present, the candidate, upon the payment of fifteen dollars, shall be entitled to receive a diploma.

The honorary degree of M. D., may be conferred by the society, by a vote by ballot of three-fourths of the members present; provided, the nomination shall have been made at a preceding meeting, and provided the candidate has been a regular practitioner for the period of seven years.

§ 2. Practitioners of medicine of this or any other State may be admitted as honorary members by a vote by ballot of the society, provided that the nominations be made at a previous meeting. The nomination shall be referred to a special committee of three appointed by the president, and the nominee shall not be considered as eligible to election till the committee report. The privilege of honorary membership shall not confer the right to vote.

GRADUATES: Eight or ten diplomas have been conferred. Two were conferred in 1881, and one at the last meeting of the society in 1883.

LIVINGSTON UNIVERSITY OF HADDONFIELD, NEW JERSEY.

See List of Institutions not recognized by the ILLINOIS STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. A Buchanan institution, which was fraudulent and is now extinct.

HYGEO-THERAPEUTIC COLLEGE, BERGEN HEIGHTS, NEw Jersey.

See List of Institutions not recognized by the ILLINOIS STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.

NEW MEXICO.

Population, 119 565. Number of physicians, 80. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 1494.

AN ACT to Protect the Public Health and Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the Territory of New Mexico.

Be it enacted by the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of New Mexico:

SECTION 1. That a territorial board of medical examiners is hereby established, which shall be composed of seven practicing physicians of known ability and integrity, who are graduates of some medical school, college or university duly established under and by virtue of the laws of the country in which such medical school, college or university is situated, giving each of the three schools or systems of medicine the following representation, to-wit: The allopathic school, or system of medicine, four members; the homeopathic school, or system, two members; the eclectic school, or system of medicine, one member.

§ 2. The Governor shall, as soon as practicable after the passage of this act, appoint a territorial board of medical examiners, as provided for in the preceding section, who shall hold their offices for two years from and after their appointment, and until their successors shall have been appointed and qualified. Thereafter the Governor shall appoint, every two years, a like board as hereinbefore described, and he shall also fill all vacancies that may occur as soon as practicable after having been notified of the existence of such vacancy by the secretary of the board: Provided, that in making biennial

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