MEMPHIS HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE.

(Medical Department Southwestern Baptist University.)

(Memphis, Tenn. Pop., 33 592.)

Organized in 1880. The first class was graduated in 1881.-The faculty embraces nine professors.

COURSE OF INSTRUCTION: A preliminary course of two weeks' duration, and a regular course of twenty weeks' duration, annually. Daily examinations and quizzes by the professors. Clinics at hospital and dispensary.-Lectures embrace materia medica, therapeutics, surgery, clinical and operative principles and practice of gynecology, anatomy-descriptive and surgical, ophthalmology, practice of medicine, clinical medicine, otology, obstetrics, diseases of the throat, physiology, diseases of the chest, chemistry, toxicology, diseases of the nervous system, diseases of children.

REQUIREMENTS: For admission, none.-For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) dissection during one session; (5) thesis; (6) satisfactory examination in all branches taught. "No examination for graduation will be granted in advance of the time fixed for examining the entire class, without the unanimous consent of the faculty."

FEES Matriculation, $5; lectures, $50; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $30. STUDENTS: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session since the organization of the college, and percentage of graduates to matriculates

Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, thirty

three.

TEXAS.

Population, 1 592 574. Number o physicians, 3003. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 530.

AN ACT to Regulate the Practice of Medicine,

Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Texas:

SECTION 1. That no person shall be permitted to practice medicine, in any of its branches or departments, in this State, without first having a certificate of qualification from some authorized board of medical examiners, as hereinafter provided.

§ 2. That every person who may hereafter engage in the practice of medicine, in any of its branches or departments, in this State, shall, before entering upon such practice, furnish to the clerk of the district court of the county in which said practitioner may reside or sojourn, his certificate of qualification; and said clerk shall enter the name of said person in a well-bound book, kept in his office for that purpose, together with the time when, the place where, and the person'or persons by whom such certificate of qualifi cation was given, after which he shall return the said certificate to the owner thereof; for which service said clerk shall be entitled to receive from each, any and every such applicant the sum of one dollar.

$3. That the presiding judges of the district courts of the several judicial districts shail, at the first regular term of their courts after this act shall become a law, or as soon thereafter as practicable, severally appoint a board of medical examiners for their respective districts, to be composed of not less than three practicing physicians of known ability, and having certificates of qualification for the practice of medicine under the "Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine," passed May 16, 1873, and said board of examiners to continue in office two years from and after their appointment; and they shall, immediately after accepting such appointment, elect one of their number president, and one as secretary, and adopt all necessary rules for the guidance and control of their meetings. It shall be the duty of said board of medical examiners to examine all applicants for certificates of qualification to practice medicine, in any of its branches or departments, in this State, whether such applicants are furnished with medical diplomas or not, upon the following named subjects, to-wit: anatomy, physiology, pathological anatomy and pathology, surgery, obstetrics and chemistry: said examination to be thorough. When the said board of medical examiners shall have been satisfied as to the qualifications of said applicant, they shall grant to him a certificate to that effect, which certificate shall be recorded with the clerk of the district court of the county in which said applicant may reside or sojourn, as provided in section two of this act, which certiflcate shall entitle him to practice anywhere in this State. Such board of examiners shall be entitled to receive the sum of fifteen dollars for each and every such applicant, to be paid by the applicant or party so examined; and two of them shall have authority to grant certificates, and whenever a vacancy occurs in any of said boards, the same shall be filled by appointment by the judge of the district in which such vacancy occurs.

§ 4. That said boards shall meet regularly semi-annually at some central point in their respective districts to conduct examinations and grant certificates, as hereinbefore provided, and they shall give at least one month's public notice of said meeting, by publication, in some paper published in the judicial district, specifying the time and place thereof: Provided, that any member of any of said boards shall have authority to grant temporary license or certificate to an applicant, upon examination, until the next regular meeting of the board. at which time the temporary license shall cease; but the said applicant must apply for a thorough examination, Each and every one of such boards shall procure a seal, as soon as practicable after their organization, which seal shall be impressed upon every certificate granted.

35. That any person violating any of the provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof, before any court having competent jurisdiction, shall be fined in any sum not less than fifty dollars, and not more than five hundred dollars, for every such offense; one half of such fine shall be paid to the prosecutor, and the other half into the county treasury; and it shall be the duty of the judge of each judicial district, at each term of the district court in the respective counties composing his district, to charge the grand jury with the necessity of preserving this act inviolate, and to admonish them of their duty to find presentments against any and all persons guilty of its infraction: Provided, that nothing in this act shall be so construed as to exclude or disqualify any person who may have been already qualified for the practice of medicine under the act of May 16, 1873: Provided, that nothing in this act shall be so construed as to apply to those who have been regularly engaged in the general practice of medicine in this State, in any of its branches or departments, for a period of five consecutive years in this State prior to the first day of January, 1875; nor to those who have obtained certificates of qualification under said act; nor to females who follow the practice of midwifery, strictly as such.

6. An act entitled "An act to regulate the practice of medicine." passed sixteenth of May, 1873, and all other laws or parts of laws in conflict herewith, are hereby repealed. § 7. It being important that the benefits of this act be realized at once, creates such imperative public necessity and an emergency as requires that it be of force and effect upon its passage, and it is so declared.

Article 396 of the Penal Code provides: If any person shall practice for pay, or as a regular practitioner, medicine in this State, in any of its branches or departments, or offer or attempt to practice without first having obtained a certificate of professional qualification from some authorized board of medical examiners, or without having a diploma from some accredited medical college, chartered by the legislature of the State or its authority, in which the same is situated, he shall be punished by fine of not less than fifty nor more than five hundred dollars.

Article 398. If any person shall hereafter engage in the practice of medicine in any of its branches or departments, for pay, or as a regular practitioner, without having first filled for record with the clerk of the district court of the county in which such person may reside or sojourn, a certificate from some authorized board of medical examiners, or a diploma from some accredited medical college, he shall be punished as prescribed in Article 396.

Approved March 26, 1879.

Dr. W. J. BURT, Secretary of the State Medical Association, writes:

We have laws, but they are not efficient. Any graduate of a chartered medical college is qualified, under our laws, to practice, by registering his diploma in the county clerk's or district clerk's office. This lets in, and qualifies, a man who holds a bogus or forged diploma. A non-graduate must be examined by a board appointed for each judicial distríct.

The profession have tried for four years to get an amendment to the law requiring every physician to be examined by a board in each congressional district, irrespective of diplomas, but the Solons of our Stateldo not see it, and say, "let the people select and employ whom they please." We hope to get a more efficient and satisfactory law in 1884.

Galveston, Tex.

Organized in 1864.-Re-organized in 1873.-Formerly known as the Galveston Medical College. The last course of lectures was delivered in 1880-81.

UTAH TERRITORY.

Population, 143 963. Number of physicians, 139. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 1035.

Dr. H. J. RICHARDS, of Salt Lake City, writes:

In answer to your letter I have to say that, so far as I know, we have in Utah no law regulating the practice of medicine. I think there is in the penal code one clause defining a punishment for the misdeeds of a physician while drunk. The inference is, that during the little time he is sober, he will not do much harm. Some of the incorporated cities regulate medicine within their limits by selling a license to any one who may apply for it. In this city the qualifications needed to practice medicine are the possession of one dollar, and a willingness on the part of the would-be physician to contribute said one dollar to the city treasury. * * As for the medical fraternity proper, I do not think any of them care for any law regulating medicine. I believe they are advocates of the doctrine of the "survival of the fittest."

Extinct.

MEDICAL INSTITUTION OF MORGAN CITY.

Morgan City, U. T.

VERMONT.

Population, 332 286, Number of physicians, 659. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 504.

PRACTICE of Medicine and Surgery, Chapter 172, Revised Laws, 1880.

SECTION 3908. Medical societies, organized under a charter from the general assembly, shall, at each annual session, elect a board of censors, consisting of three members, who shall hold their office till others are elected; which board may examine and license practitioners of medicine, surgery and midwifery.

§ 3909. A practitioner of medicine, surgery or midwifery, who, by sign or advertisement, offers his services to the public as practitioner of either medicine, surgery or midwifery, or who, by such sign or advertisement, assumes the title of doctor, shall obtain a certificate from one of such medical societies, either from a county, district or State society.

§ 3910. A person not a resident of this State, who has not received a diploma from a chartered medical college, shall obtain a certificate from a board of censors in this State before he shall be permitted to practice the medical art in this State.

§ 3911. Each board of censors shall issue certificates, without fee, to physicians and surgeons who furnish evidence, by diploma from a medical college or university, or by certificate of examination from an authorized board, which satisfles said censors that the person presenting such credentials has been, after due examination, deemed qualified to practice the branches mentioned in such diploma or certificate.

83912. The censors of each medical college aforesaid shall, in their discretion, notify practitioners of medicine. surgery or midwifery of the terms of this chapter, and shall require such persons to comply therewith within thirty days after such notification, or within such further time as is allowed by the censors, not exceeding ninety days.

§ 3913. The certificate shall set forth that said censors have found the person to whom it is given qualified to practice the branches of medical art mentioned in it, and shall be substantially in the following form:

This may certify that the undersigned board of censors have found A. B., of

qualified in the following branches of the ; and therefore license him to practice said branches

within this State.

Board of Censors of Medical Society.

$3914. The person to whom a certificate is thus issued shall cause the same to be recorded in the clerk's office of the county in which he resides, or, if not a resident of the State, in the county in which he obtains such certificate, in a book to be kept by the county clerk for that purpose, and to be called the Medical Register of County. The fee for recording such certificate shall be twenty-five cents.

$3915. A certificate issued by a board of censors, as herein provided, shall be valid throughout the State after being duly recorded. Said censors may revoke or annul a certificate if, in their judgment, the person holding it has obtained it fraudulently, or has forfeited the right to public confidence, by conviction of crime.

$3916. A person who practices medicine, surgery or midwifery in the State, or signs a certificate of death for purposes of burial or removal, unless authorized so to do by a certificate issued and recorded as herein provided, shall, for the first offense, be fined not less than fifty nor more than two hundred dollars, and for a subsequent offense not less than two hundred nor more than five hundred dollars, which fine may be recovered in an action of debt, for the use of any person who sues therefor, or by an indictment.

3917. No person practicing either of the branches of medicine, surgery or midwifery within this State shall be permitted to enforce, in the courts, the collection of a fee or compensation for services rendered, or material or medicine furnished, in the practice of any of the branches for which he has not a certificate as provided in this chapter.

$3918. This chapter shall not apply to the practice of dentistry, nor to the practice of midwifery by women in the town or locality in which they reside, nor to those practitioners of medicine who had resided and practiced medicine in the State five years previous to November 28, 1836.

$2555. A physician who attended upon a deceased person shall leave with the town clerk a certificate containing the name of the disease or cause of such death within fifteen days after the interment of the deceased; and a medical attendant who fails to give such certificate shall be fined three dollars, for the use of the town where the offense is committed.

The professional books and instruments of a physician are exempt from taxation, and from attachment and execution.

Burlington, Vt. (Pop. 11 365.)

Sessions were held and Organized in 1823. The first class was graduated in 1823. classes graduated annually, excepting in 1835, until 1837, when the sessions were suspended. In 1854 the department was reorganized. A class was graduated in 1854 and in each subsequent year.-The faculty embraces fourteen professors, one assistant professor, one instructor, one demonstrator, and one curator.

COURSE OF INSTRUCTION: A preliminary term of eighteen weeks' duration, and a regular term of seventeen weeks' duration, annually.-Consists of a complete course on the seven principal branches, and a short and practical course on the special branches. Clinics at hospital and dispensary. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required.-Lectures embrace general and special anatomy, obstetrics, diseases of women, materia medica, general pathology, principles and practice of surgery, chemistry, toxicology, theory and practice of medicine, microscopic anatomy, dermatology, diseases of children, ophthalmology, otology, thoracic diseases. diseases of the throat and nose, mental and nervous diseases, medical jurisprudence.

REQUIREMENTS: For admission, none.-For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three years' study; (3) two full courses in different years; (4) thesis; (5) good moral character; (6) satisfactory examination. "Graduates of other regular colleges, who desire a degree from this institution, must pass a satisfactory examination in the branches of medicine, surgery and obstetrics; and if they be graduates of more than three years' standing, they must exhibit a certificate of membership in some medical society entitled to representation in the American Medical Association."

FEES: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $70; graduation, $25.

STUDENTS: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates

five.

Session,

1878

1879

1880

1881

1882

Matriculates.

Graduates.

Percent.

108

33

30 +

140

49

35

143

53

37 +

171

50

29 +

190

85

44.7

Average percent. of graduates to matriculates during the five years ended 1882, thirty

Number of Illinois students attending the session of 1882, 1.
Number of graduates in Illinois, 18.

VERMONT MEDICAL COLLEGE.

Woodstock, Vt.

Organized in 18-. Extinct.

Number of graduates in Illinois, 12.

VERMONT ACADEMY OF MEDICINE.

Castleton, Vt.

Organized in 1818. Suspended instruction from 1837 to 1841. Extinct since 1851. During its existence it graduated 350 students.

Number of graduates in Illinois, 27.

Number of physicians, 1898. Number of inhabitants to each

Dr. J. L. CABELL, University of Virginia, furnishes the following;
Code of Virginia (1873.) Chapter 34, Section 8:

A separate license shall be granted to each member of a firm or company of attorneys at law, physicians, surgeons and dentists; and where the tax is estimated on the income Jrom the professional business of a firm or company, if any part thereof is exempt from taxation, the exemption in favor of such firm or company shall apply to each member thereof.

§ 16. Provides that no abatement of tax be granted on licenses for one year.

§ 62. No person shall, without a license, practice as a physician, surgeon or dentist. for compensation; but a license to practice either profession shall confer the privilege of practicing in all the professions aforesaid, and a license granted to practice in any county or corporation, shall authorize such physician, surgeon or dentist to practice in any of the professions authorized throughout, the commonwealth without additional license. Any person violating the provisions of this section, or who shall practice in either of the professions named, without a license, shall pay a fine of not less than thirty dollars nor more than one hundred dollars for each offense, and shall be debarred from recovering any compensation for any such service, by suit or warrant, in any of the courts of the commonwealth.

Chapter 35, Section 51. The specific license tax on every physician, surgeon or dentist shall be ten dollars.

Chapter 104, Section 31. Every physician and surgeon shall, in a book to be kept by him, make a record at once of the death of every person dying in this State, upon whom he has attended at the time of such death, setting out, as far as practicable, the circumstances herein required to be recorded by an assessor or commissioner respecting deaths. He shall give to an assessor or commissioner of the revenue, whenever called upon by him for that purpose, annually, a copy of such record, so far as the same relates to deaths in such assessor's or commissioner's district.

The above statutes were enacted during the session of the Legislature of 1871–72. Compensation for attending prisoners, and for making analyses in criminal cases, is prescribed by the following statute, enacted during the session of 1877-78:

A court may appoint a physician to attend prisoners in its jail, and make him a reasonable allowance, not exceeding seventy-five cents per day for each day he attends a patient. When he attends more than one patient a day, there may be allowed fifty cents per day for each additional patient. A court may make an allowance not to exceed the sum of twenty-five dollars, as compensation to any physician or analytical chemist, for making an analysis to discover poison in any criminal case.

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA,

Near Charlottesville, Albermarle county.

(Pop. of University Town, 1000. Pop. of Charlottesville, 2676.)

Organized in 1825. The first class graduated in July, 1828. There was no graduating class in 1862.-The faculty embraces four professors and a demonstrator of anatomy.

COURSE OF INSTRUCTION: One annual course of thirty-four weeks' duration; daily examinations by the professors; optional courses in the chemical laboratory are given, fee charged, $25 each. Course is graded extending over two years.-Lectures embrace, besides comparative anatomy, obstetrics and medical jurisprudence, the following scheme: The arrangement of the lectures is such that the student acquires a competent knowledge of anatomy, physiology and chemistry before he enters upon the study of the principles and practice of medicine and surgery, which can only be studied properly in the light shed upon them by the former. The instructions in materia medica and pharmacy are also given in due relation to the progress of the student in chemistry.

REQUIREMENTS: For admission, none.-For graduation. The degree of Doctor of Medicine is conferred upon such students as prove their fitness for the same by rigid and searching examinations. It has ever been the policy of the institution to make its honors