the ordinary branches of an English education.-For graduation; (1) twenty-one years of age: (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (1) must have attended at least seventy-five percent. of the regular lectures; (5) have spent the required time in practical anatomy, chemical analysis, etc.. in the various laboratories and hospitals: (6) have attended the usual quizzes and drills by the assistants of the several chairs; (7) must also have passed satisfactory examination on all the studies included in the curriculum; or, if admitted to advanced standing, he must attend at least two full courses of medical lectures in this college, and pass the required examinations. Students who have completed full college courses for the first and second years in an accredited medical college will be permitted, upon examination, to enter the third year and complete the studies of that year in this department, and to present themselves for examination for the degree at the end of the year. Students who have attended one full course of lectures in any accredited medical college previous to 1880 will be admitted to advanced standing in the course required in this department, and may be graduated on the conditions in force prior to that date. Students who have studied medicine elsewhere at least one college year, and who possess superior qualifications, may be admitted, on examination, to advanced standing. FEES: Matriculation, for residents of Michigan, $10; for non-residents. $25, (paid but once.) Lectures, for residents of Michigan, $25; for non-residents, $35. Graduation, for all alike, $10. Course in chemical laboratory. $15; in physiological laboratory, $15; in physiological laboratory, $1; in electro-therapeutics, $1. STUDENTS: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to,matriculates Average percent. of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-eight. MICHIGAN COLLGE OF MEDICINE. Organized in 1880.-Faculty embraces fourteen professors, one adjunct professor, one lecturer, one instructor, and two demonstrators of anatomy. COURSE OF INSTRUCTION: One regular course of twenty-three weeks' duration annually. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required. Clinics at hospita! and dispensary.-Lectures embrace physiology, chemical physics, institutes of medicine, therapeutics, gynecology, practice of medicine, clinical medicine, surgery and clinical surgery, clinical gynecology, obstetrics (clinical and didactic), and puerperal diseases, diseases of children, medical chemistry, otology, ophthalmology, laryngology. medical jurisprudence, dermatology, genito-urinary diseases, topographical anatomy, materia medica, histology, general and surgical anatomy, principles of surgery, principles of medicine, and pathology. REQUIREMENTS: For admission, students entering the college, who are not in possession of the degree of a college or university, or of a certificate from a high school or other recognized educational institution, will be required to pass a satisfactory examination in the following subjects: (1) English grammar; (2) English composition (a short composition upon any subject); (3) elementary mechanics of solids and fluids; (4) arithmetic to, and including, common and decimal fractions; (5) algebra to, and including, simple equations; (6) geometry, first two books; (7) general geography and history of the United States: (8) Latin grammar and translation of easy Latin prose; (9) optional studies (one of which will be accepted in lieu of any of the above studies, except English grammar, composition and Latin), Greek, French, German, botany, zoology.-For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) satisfactory examination in all branches taught. FEES: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $50; graduation, $20. STUDENTS: Members of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates Average percent. of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, thirty seven. Number of graduates in Illinois, 6. MINNESOTA. Population, 750 473. Number of physiclans, 914. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 854. The following is the substance of the statute, as given in the calendar (1882-83) of the University of Minnesota: AN ACT to Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the State of Minnesota. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Minnesota : SECTION 1. That every person practicing medicine in any of its departments shall present his diploma to the examining board hereinafter constituted, for verification as to its genuineness. If the diploma is found genuine, and if the person named therein be the person claiming and presenting the same, the board shall issue its certificate to that effect, signed by all the members thereof, and such diploma and certificate shall be conclusive as to the right of the lawful holder of the same to practice medicine in this State. If not a graduate, the person practicing medicine in this State shall present himself before said board and submit himself to examination as the said board shall require; and if the examination be satisfactory to the examiners, the said board shall issue its certificate in accordance with the facts, and the lawful holder of such certificate shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges hereinafter mentioned. § 2. The faculty of the medical department of the University of Minnesota shall organize as a board of examiners as herein provided. within three months after passage of this act: they shall procure a seal and shall receive, through their secretary, applications for certificates and examinations; the president or secretary shall have authority to administer oaths, and the board to take testimony in all matters relating to its duties; it shall issue certificates to all who furnish satisfactory proof of having received diplomas or licenses from legally chartered institutions in good standing; it shall prepare two forms of certificates, one for persons in possession of diplomas or licenses, the other for candidates examined by the board; it shall furnish to the county clerks of the several counties a list of all persons receiving certificates. §3. Said board shall examine diplomas as to their genuineness, and if the diplomas shall be found genuine as represented, the secretary of the board shall receive a fee of one dollar from such graduate or licentiate, and no further charge shall be made to the applicant; but if it be found to be fraudulent, or not lawfully owned by the possessor, the board shall be entitled to charge and collect twenty dollars of the applicant presenting such diploma. The verification of the diploma shall consist in the affidavit of the holder and applicant presenting such diploma, that he is the lawful possessor of the same and that he is the person therein named. $4. All examinations of persons not graduates or licentiates shall be made directly by the board, and the certificates given by the board shall authorize the possessor to practice medicine and surgery in the State of Minnesota. $ 5. Requires holders of certificates to have them recorded with county clerks. § 6. Requires county clerks to keep a list of certificates recorded. § 7. Provides for a fee of $5 to be paid into the State treasury. § 8. Examinations may be made in whole or in part in writing, and shall be of an elementary and practical character, but sufficiently strict to test the qualifications of the candidate as a practitioner. 89. Certificates may be refused to persons guilty of unprofessional or dishonorable conduct. Appeal may be made to the board of regents. $10. Any person shall be regarded as practicing within the meaning of this act, who shall profess publicly to be a physician, and to prescribe for the sick, or who shall append to his name the letters "M. D." But nothing in this act shall be construed to probibit students from prescribing under the supervision of preceptors or to prohibit gratuitous services in case of emergency. And this act shall apply to commissioned surgeons in the United States army and navy. § 11. Requires itinerant venders of drugs, etc., and dealers, to pay a license fee of $100 a month. § 12. Any person practicing medicine or surgery in this State without complying with the provisions of this act shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars ($50) and not more than five hundred ($500), or by imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not less than thirty (30) days nor more than three hundred and sixty-five (365) days, or by both such fine and imprisonment for each and every offense; and any person filing or attempting to fille, as his own, the diploma or certificate of another, or a forged affidavit of identifleation, shall be guilty of felony, and upon conviction, shall be subject to such fine and imprisonment as are made and provided by the statutes of this State for the crime of forgery; but the penalties shall not be enforced till on and after the thirty-first 31st) day of December eighteen hundred and eighty-three (1883): Provided, that the provisions of this act shall not apply to those who have been practicing medicine five (5) years within this State. Approved March 6, 1883. Organized in 1881. MINNESOTA COLLEGE HOSPITAL. Minneapolis, Minn. (Pop., 46 887.) Successor to the St. Paul Medical College, organized in 1880. Faculty embraces twenty-one professors and one demonstrator. COURSE OF INSTRUCTION: One regular course of nineteen weeks' duration, and one spring course of eight weeks' duration, annually.-Graded course recommended but not required.-Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, pathological anatomy, clinical surgery, therapeutics, obstetrics, surgery, theory and practice of medicine, clinical medicine and surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology, otology, toxicology, histology, hygiene, nervous diseases, medical jurisprudence, physical diagnosis, genito-urinary diseases. REQUIREMENTS: For admission, (a) degree in arts or sciences, (b) certificate from a high school or other institution in good standing, (c) teacher's certificate, (d) examination in the common English branches, including reading, writing, spelling, grammar, geography, arithmetic, United States history, and physics.-For graduation, (1) twenty-one years of age, (2) good moral character, (3) dissection of each part of the cadaver, (4) thesis, (5) three years' study, (6) two full courses of lectures. FEES: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $50. STUDENTS: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, thirteen. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 1. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. Organized, 1883.-Faculty embraces six professors, or examiners. The law regulating the practice of medicine in the State of Minnesota, also created this department of the State University, and defined its duties. The faculty have issued the following statement: REGULATIONS: It is the duty of the faculty of this college to test and ascertain, by examinations, experiments and other appropriate means, the qualifications, proficiency and skill of all candidates for degrees in medicine and surgery, and to recommend them to the board of regents for graduation, accordingly. No instruction is offered in this college. The faculty is an examining body only. Examinations include: (1.) The entrance examination; (2.) The scientific examination; (3.) Two or more professional examinations. I. The entrance examination embraces the English language, including writing, spelling, grammar, analysis and composition, arithmetic, elementary algebra, plane geometry, geography, United States history, general history, Latin grammar and reading or an equivalent knowledge of German, French or Scandinavian. Applicants who may have recently passed the examinations for admission to the freshman class of the collegiate department are excused from the entrance examination. II. The scientific examination embraces physical geography, natural philosophy, elementary botany, chemistry, drawing-free-hand or mechanical. Graduates of any reputable college or university are excused from the entrance and scientific examin ations. III. The professional examinations embrace anatomy, physiology, pathology, materia medica, therapeutics, medical chemistry, preventive medicine, practice of medicine, surgery, obstetrics, diseases of women, diseases of children, diseases of the nervous system, medical jurisprudence. DEGREES: All candidates who pass the entrance, scientific and professional examinations, including the appropriate clinical and experimental tests incidental thereto, and give satisfactory evidence of having pursued professional studies as required by the bylaws, being twenty-one years of age or upwards, and of good moral character, are recommended by the faculty of the college to the board of regents, to receive the degree of Bachelor of Medicine (M.B.), which degree duly conferred is the warrant of the University of Minnesota for the practice of medicine and surgery. Whenever the examinations in any case evince a high degree of proficiency in the literature, theory and practice of medicine, the faculty of the college permit the candidate to present and defend a thesis; this being done to their satisfaction, they recommend the candidate to receive at once the full degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) Any Bachelor of Medicine of this University, who furnishes satisfactory evidence that he has been actively engaged in professional practice for three years after his graduation, and who presents and defends a thesis in the manner prescribed, is recommended to receive the degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) Doctors of Medicine of other colleges of medicine recognized by the board of regents, upon the recommendation of the faculty of this college, are recommended to receive the degree of Doctor of Medicine of this University, upon successfully defending a thesis in the manner prescribed. All candidates for the first degree must furnish satisfactory evidence that they have severally pursued the study of medicine for four years in the office of, and under the personal direction of a physician in active practice, who is a graduate of some college or school of medicine recognized by the board of regents, upon the recommendation of the faculty of this college: Provided, however, that (1.) One course of lectures, with other work incidental thereto, in a college of medicine recognized as above, shall be reckoned as equivalent to eight months of such study. (2.) One term of six months in a school of medical instruction, organized and conducted in conformity with the by-laws, shall be equivalent to one year of such study under a preceptor. (3.) Three courses of lectures, with work incidental thereto, in colleges of medicine recognized as above, shall be equivalent to three years of study under a preceptor; one year at least must, in all cases, have been passed in a preceptor's office. (4.) Graduates of colleges and universities receive a credit of one year on professional study, in consideration of superior literary and scientific attainments. The faculty of this college have authority to provide examinations for candidates for licenses in sanitary science, dental surgery and other specialties. Only Bachelors or Doctors of Medicine can become such candidates. All theses must be upon subjects approved by the faculty, must be founded on original work, and certified as the unaided productions of the candidates. MISSISSIPPI. Population, 1 131 597. Number of physicians, 1682. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 673. AN ACT to Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the State of Mississippi. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Mississippi: SECTION 1. That no person shall practice medicine in the State of Mississippi, unless he shall have received a license to practice, and have registered the same as is hereinafter provided in this act. § 2. That there shall be established boards of censors in the State of Mississippi, one board in each congressional district, whose duty it shall be to examine into the qualification of applicants for such license, § 3. That the board of censors in each district shall be composed of the two sanitary commissioners of said district; and in case the members of said board shall differ in their opinions as to the qualifications of the applicant, the record of examination hereinafter provided for shall be forwarded to the secretary of the State board of health, who shall decide between them, and issue or withhold the license as the case may be. § 4. That examinations for license shall be in writing, and each board of censors in their examination for license to practice medicine shall be governed by such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by the State board of health: Provided, said board shall not discriminate against any applicant on account of the system of practice he may advocate, and the State board of health shall have jurisdiction in cases of appeal from any decision of the board of censors. Any applicant for license whose application has been endorsed, "unfavorable," may appeal from such decision to the State board: Provided, such appeal is claimed by the applicant by a notice in writing, lodged with the secretary of the State board of health within thirty days from the decision of the boards of censors. The State board shall decide such appeals on the written examination, filed with the secretary, at the meeting succeeding the filing of the notice of appeal. § 5. That applicants for license under this act shall make their applications in writing, stating: 1st, his name in full; 2d, nativity and age; 3d, residence and postoffice; 4th, time spent in professional studies; 5th, physician or preceptor under whom studies were pursued, with postoffice address; 6th, courses of medical lectures attended; 7th, name of medical schools attended; 8th, if a graduate, name of college granting diploma; 9th, time spent in hospital, if any: 10th, time of practice, if any; 11th, school of practice chosen; 12th, references as to character. § 6. That applicants for license shall be examined only on the following branches of medicine, viz: anatomy, chemistry. obstetrics, materia medica, physiology, pathology, surgery, hygiene. § 7. That applicants for license shall deposit with their applications, each a fee of fifteen dollars and twenty-five cents, fifteen dollars of which shall be appropriated to the use of the board of censors as their remuneration, and out of which the expense of advertising the time and place of meetings of said board of censors, as is hereinafter provided, shall be paid; and twenty-five cents of said fee shall be forwarded to the secretary of the board of health, as a fee for services hereinafter provided for. § 8. That an applicant for license whose examination proves satisfactory to the board of censors, shall have a certificate to that effect furnished him by the board of censors, which certificate shall entitle him to practice medicine in the State of Mississippi for the period of thirty (30) days from the date thereof, and it shall be the duty of the board of censors to endorse the application "favorable" or "unfavorable," as may be determined by the board of censors, and forward it, together with the record of examination, with twenty-five cents (25 cents) to the secretary of the state board of health, who shall register said application, in a book kept for that purpose, and file it for future reference. § 9. That in case a "favorable" indorsement is given the application, the State board of health, through their secretary, shall forward at once, to the applicant, a license to practice medicine in the State of Mississippi, and such license shall bear upon its face all the statements that appear upon the application, and shall be signed by the secretary and sealed with the seal of the State board of health. $10. That every person holding a license to practice medicine, shall have a transcript of the same recorded in the office of the circuit clerk of the county in which he resides, in a book kept for that purpose, and the circuit clerk shall attach to said license his certificate of record, and the clerk shall be entitled to a fee of one dollar and fifty cents, to be paid by the said licentiate. $ 11. That if a license be not presented for record within thirty days from its date, the license shall be void and of no effect. § 12. That when a licensed practitioner of medicine changes his residence into a county other than that in which his license is recorded, said license must be recorded as at first in the office of the circuit clerk of the county in which he intends to reside, before he can engage in the practice of medicine in his new location; a certificate of which record shall be furnished by the circuit clerk to the secretary of the State board of health, for which service the clerk shall be entitled to a fee of one dollar and sixty cents, 13. That physicians living in other States near the borders of the State of Mississippi, engaged in the practice of medicine, whose practice extends into the State of Mississippi, may obtain license to practice in this State in the same manner as is required of resident physicians, said licenses to be recorded in the office of the clerks of the circuit courts in the county or counties in which they practice in this State; and this act shall not be construed so as to prevent physicians or surgeons from other States from treating cases in this State in charge of regular licentiates of this State. $ 14. That in case a license is lost, upon application, accompanied by a fee of ten cents, it shall be the duty of the secretary of the State board of health to issue a duplicate license in lieu of the one lost, and forward the same to said applicant. 15. That a temporary license may be granted an applicant by the State board of health, through their secretary, by virtue of which a person may practice medicine; but such temporary license shall specify upon its face the time for which it is granted, and shall be void after the next regular meeting of the board of censors of the district in which the licentiate may reside; but no succeeding application for temporary license for the same person shall be entertained by the State board of health, and the secretary of the State board of health shall be entitled to a fee of twenty-five cents for each temporary license granted. 16. That for the purpose of examining applicants for license under this act, the board of censors shall hold quarterly sessions, viz: on the second Monday in March. June, September and December in each year, at some convenient place near the centre of the congressional district in which they reside. Thirty days' notice of said sessions shall be given by publication in one or more newspapers published in said district. $17. That every physician now practicing medicine in the State of Mississippi shall receive his license, without an examination as to qualification, from the State board of health, through their secretary, upon application for such license, accompanied by a fee of ten cents; said application to contain, under oath, the applicant's: 1st, name in full; 2d, nativity and age: 3d, residence and post office; 4th, time spent in professional studies; 5th, physician or preceptor under whom studies were pursued, with postoffice address of same; 6th, courses of medical lectures attended; 7th, name of medical school attended: 8th, if a graduate, name of college granting diploma; 9th, time spent in hospital, if any; 10th, time of practice, if any; 11th, school of practice chosen: 12th, reference as to character: Provided, that such application is made by the 30th day of June, A. D. 1882, and if such license shall not have been recorded or filed within thirty days after its issuance, as heretofore provided, said license shall be void and of no effect: Provided, further, that said license shall show that it was granted under the 17th section of this act. 18. That the secretary of State shall furnish blanks and books of record to the State board of health, and books of record to the circuit clerks of each county, ruled and lined and otherwise prepared, as may be prescribed by the State board of health as necessary for the proper enforcement of the provisions of this act. §19. That any person making false statements in his application for license, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof, shall be fined in a sum of not more than twenty-five dollars; and upon proof of such conviction, the State board of health |