under his command wrote to their friends at home, that the only means of putting an end to the war in thofe parts would be to elect Marius conful. This occafioned no fmall anxiety to Metellus, but what diftreffed him moft was the affair of Turpilius. This man and his family had long been retainers to that of Metellus, and he attended him in that war in the character of master of the artificers *; but being, through his interest, appointed governor of the large town of Vacca, his humanity to the inhabitants, and the unfufpecting opennefs of his conduct, gave them an opportunity of delivering up the place to Jugurtha †. Tur pilius, however, fuffered no injury in his perfon; for the inhabitants, having prevailed upon Jugurtha to fpare him, difmiffed him in fafety. On this account he was accused of betraying the place. Marius, who was one of the council of war, was not only fevere upon him himself, but stirred up most of the other judges; fo that it was carried against the opinion of Metellus, and, much against his will, he paffed fentence of death upon him. A little after, the accufation appeared a false one; and all the other officers fympathized with Metellus, who was overwhelmed with forrow; while Marius, far from diffembling his joy, declared the thing was his doing, and was not afhamed to acknowledge in all companies, "That he had lodged an avenging fury in the breast of Metellus, who would not fail to punish him for having put to death the hereditary friend of his family."

They now became open enemies: and one day when Marius was by, we are told that Metellus faid, by way of infult, “You think then, my good friend, to leave us, and go home to folicit the confulfhip: would you

* The common reading is την επί των Τευτόνωνε ζων αρχηγ It is obvious that Turovs is a corruption of Textovwv. An officer is meant like our comptroller of the board of works. Among Gruter's infcriptions feveral perfons have the title of Præfectus Fabrorum.

They put the Roman garrifon to the fword, fparing none but Turpilius.

not be contented to stay and be conful with this fon of of mine?" The fon of Metellus was then very young. Notwithstanding this, Marius ftill kept applying for leave to be gone, and Metellus found out new pretences for delay. At laft, when there wanted only twelve days to the election, he difmiffed him. Marius had a long journey from the camp to Utica, but he difpatched it in two days and a night. At his arrival on the coaft, he offered facrifice before he embarked: and the diviner is faid to have told him, "That heaven announced fuccess fuperior to all his hopes." Elevated with this promife, he fet fail, and, having a fair wind, croffed the fea in four days. The people immediately expreffed their inclination for him; and being introduced by one of their tribunes, he brought many falfe charges against Metellus, in order to fecure the confulfhip for himself; promifing at the fame time either to kill Jugurtha, or to take him alive.

He was elected with great applause, and immediately began his levies, in which he observed neither law nor custom; for he enlifted many needy perfons, and even flaves*. The generals that were before him had not admitted fuch as thefe, but intrufted only perfons of property with arms as with other honours, confidering that property as a pledge to the public for their behaviour. Nor was this the only obnoxious thing in Marius. His bold speeches, accompanied with infolence and ill manners, gave the patricians great uneafiness. For he scrupled not to say, “That he had taken the confulate as a prey from the effeminacy of the high-born and the rich, and that he boafted to the people of his own wounds, not the images of others, or monuments of the dead." He took frequent occafion, too, to mention Bestia and Albinus, generals who had been moftly unfortunate in Africa, as men of illuftrious families, but unfit for war, and confequently unsuccessful through want of capacity. Then

*Florus does not fay he enlifted flaves, but capite cenfos, fuch as, having no eftates, had only their names entered in the regifters.

he would ask the people, "Whether they did not think that the ancestors of thofe men would have wished rather to leave a posterity like him; fince they themselves did not rife to glory by their high birth, but by their virtue and great actions." These things he faid not out of mere vanity and arrogance, or needlessly to embroil himself with the nobility; but he faw the people took pleasure in feeing the senate infulted, and that they measured the greatness of a man's mind by the infolence of his language; and therefore, to gratify them, he spared not the greatest men in the ftate.

Upon his arrival in Africa, Metellus was quite overcome with grief and refentment *, to think that when he had in a manner finifhed the war, and there remained nothing to take but the perfon of Jugurtha, Marius, who had raised himfelf merely by his ingratitude towards him, should come to fnatch away both his victory and triumph. Unable, therefore, to bear the fight of him, he retired, and left his lieutenant Rutilius to deliver up the forces to Mraius. But, before the end of the war, the divine vengeance overtook Marius; for Sylla robbed him of the glory of his exploits, as he had done Metellus. I fhall briefly relate here the manner of that transaction, having already given a more particular account of it in the life of Sylla.

Bocchus, king of the Upper Numidia†, was fatherin-law to Jugurtha. He gave him, however, very little affiftance in the war, pretending that he detested his perfidiousness, while he really dreaded the increase of his power. But when he became a fugitive and a wanderer, and was reduced to the neceflity of applying to Bocchus as his last resource, that prince received him rather as a fuppliant than as his fon-in

The word Joves does not alway fignify envy. In Philo (De Murdo) we find 9ovos dus didaoneiv, docere non gravabiEnvy thould not be attributed to such a noble mind as that of Metellus,

mur.

† Or Mauritania. In the original it is wv av Bagbagwy Carineus, king of the barbarians who dwelt higher up in the country.

law. When he had him in his hands, he proceeded in public to intercede with Marius in his behalf, alleging, in his letters, that he would never give him up, but defend him to the last. At the fame time, in private intending to betray him, he fent for Lucius Sylla, who was quæftor to Marius, and had done Bocchus many fervices during the war. When Sylla was come to him, confiding in his honour, the barbarian began to repent, and often changed his mind, deliberating for fome days whether he should deliver up Jugurtha, or retain Sylla too. At laft, adhering to the treachery he had firft conceived, he put Jugurtha alive into the hands of Sylla.

Hence the first feeds of that violent and implacable quarrel which almoft ruined the Roman empire. For many, out of envy to Marius, were willing to attribute this fuccefs to Sylla only; and Sylla himself caused a feal to be made, which reprefented Bocchus delivering up Jugurtha to him. This feal he always wore, and conftantly fealed his letters with it; by which he highly provoked Marius, who was naturally ambitious, and could not endure a rival in glory. Sylla was inftigated to this by the enemies of Marius, who ascribed the beginning and the most confiderable actions of the war to Metellus, and the laft and finishing stroke to Sylla; that fo the people might no longer admire and remain attached to Marius as the most accomplished of commanders.

The danger, however, that approached Italy from the weft, foon difperfed all the envy, the hatred, and the calumnies, which had been raised against Marius. The people, now in want of an experienced commander, and fearching for an able pilot to fit at the helm, that the commonwealth might bear up against fo dreadful a storm, found that no one of an opulent or noble family would ftand for the confulfhip; and therefore they elected Marius *, though abfent. They had no fooner received the news that Jugurtha was taken, than reports were fpread of an invalion from * One hundred and two years before Christ.

the Teutones and the Cimbri. And though the account of the number and strength of their armies feemed at first incredible, it afterwards appeared fhort of the truth. For three hundred thoufand well-armed warriors were upon the march, and the women and children, whom they had along with them, were said to be much more numerous. This vaft multitude wanted lands on which they might fubfift, and cities wherein to fettle; as they had heard the Celta, before them, had expelled the Tufcans, and poffeffed themselves of the beft part of Italy *. As for thefe, who now hovered like a cloud over Gaul and Italy, it was not known who they were f, or whence they came, on account of the fmall commerce which they had with the reft of the world, and the length of way they had marched. It was conjectured, indeed, from the largenefs of their ftature, and the blueness of their eyes, as well as because the Germans call banditti Cimbri, that they were fome of those German nations who dwell by the Northern Sea.

Some affert, that the country of the Celta is of fuch vaft extent that it ftretches from the Weftern Ocean and most northern climates to the lake Mæotis eaftward, and that part of Scythia which borders upon Pontus: that there the two nations mingle, and thence iffue; not all at once, nor at all feafons, but in the fpring of every year: that, by means of thefe annual supplies, they had gradually opened themselves a way over the greatest part of the European conti

*In the reign of Tarquinius Prifcus.

The Cimbri were defcended from the ancient Gomerians or Celtes; Cimri or Cymbri being only a harfher pronunciation of Gomerai. They were in all probability the ancienteft people of Germany. They gave their name to the Cimbrica Cherfonefus, which was a kind of peninfula extending from the mouth of the river Elbe into the north fca. They were all fuppofed the fame with the Cimmerians that inhabited the countries about the Palus Mæotis; which is highly probable, both from the likenels of their names, and from the defcendants of Gomer having spread themfelves over all that northern track.