Raamah, these were thy merchants: with the chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and with gold, they 23 furnished thy fairs. Haran, and Calneh, and Eden, were thy merchants: Sheba, Ashur, and Chilmad, were in thy market. These were thy merchants in excellent wares; in * mantles of blue and of embroidered work; and in chests of rich apparel, bound with cords and made of cedar,

24

-Raamah.-Raamah was son of Cush and father of Sheba. Gen. x. 7. According to Bochart, Raamah is a city of Arabia on the Persian Gulf. But Michaelis, spic. geogr. alleges authority for supposing that it may be a city of Arabia Felix.

23. Haran.-Not Charan, or Charræ, a city of Mesopotamia; but Haran Alcarin in Arabia. Michaelis.

-Calneh.-This is the reading of Grotius and Houbigant. Calneh, or Ctesiphon, in Babylonia, is mentioned Gen. x. 10. Is. x. 9. Am. vi. 2. But Michaelis observes that Chald. here understands Canneh of the city Nesibis in Mesopotamia. Spic. geogr. 227, 9. However, in his note on this verse he says that Canna is a cape and port of Arabia Felix on the Indian sea, in the country of Hadramaut.

-Eden. Mentioned with Haran, 2 Kings xix. 12, and probably in Adiabene, as Chald. has 2777 in the London Polyglot. See Boch. Phaleg. iv. xix. 241. and Pol. Syn. But Michaelis understands it of Aden, a port of Arabia Felix.

Sheba." This is probably another Saba, as it appears from Gen. x, 7, 28, that there were three nations of this name." Michaelis.

-and Chilmad.—We find the connexive particle and in V. ó. Ar. Chald. Carmania: 6. Ar. Media: Chald. Charmandæ, urbs trans Euphratem. Steph. See Boch. Can. i. xviii. p. 442.

24.

——in excellent wares. In rebus perfectissimis: Grot. absolutissimis: Castalio. pretiosissimas merces: Dathius. pretiosis vestibus: Houb, See c. xxiii. 12. xxxviii. 4.

of rich apparel.

is funis bicolor, tænia: Arab. and nap,

vestis e contortis filis contexta. Gol.

-bound &c.—We find '

and '78 in MSS. This description of the chests seems unnatural, and 17 does not occur elsewhere. It is very difficult to propose a satisfactory sense. Possibly 'n may denote "cords of fine linen, purple, or silk;" Esth. i. 6; 127, “tur

25

* among thy merchandise. The ships of Tarshish were thy chief traders in thy market: and thou wast filled, and wast made very glorious, in the heart of the seas.

26 The rowers have brought thee into great waters: the 27 east-wind hath broken thee in the heart of the seas. Thy substance, and thy fairs, thy markets, thy sailors, and thy pilots, thy calkers, and the traders in thy market, and all thy warriors that are in thee, and all thy company that is in the midst of thee, shall fall in the heart of the seas, in the day of thy fall. At the sound of the cry of thy 29 pilots the suburbs shall shake: and all that handle the oar shall come down from their ships, the mariners and all 30 the pilots of the sea shall stand upon the ‡ shore, and

28

* Or, in thy market.

H. the strengtheners of thy breaches.

H. land.

bans bound on the head, or some other ornament bound about the body:"

,חרוזים perhaps we should read ארוזים and for

neck, hands, or feet." See 1 Cocc. lex.

-among thy merchandise.-Or, "in these was thy merchandise." See ó. MS. Al.

25.

-thy chief traders.-See 12 Tayl. conc. 26. —into great waters.—Altum urges. Hor.

Under these beautiful and expressive figures Tyre is represented as brought into danger by her statesmen, and destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar. Grotius refers to Hor. od. l. i. xiv.

27.

-thy markets.—7

—and all thy company.―

"with all thy company."

1°. 6 MSS. and 2°. one MS.

MSS. edd. 6. Syr. Ch. V. reads 7,

-shall fali in the heart of the seas.-The image may be carried on from v. 26: "Shall cease with respect to thee, as if they were sunk in the ocean.” Or, “Shall fall, notwithstanding thy strong situation in the sea.' See v. 32.

"

28. At the sound of the cry &c.-Some of the Tyrian pilots endeavoured to escape, but were intercepted in the suburbs. See c. xxvi. 15. 29. and all the pilots.-All the ancients supply and.

-upon the shore.-The shore of the adjoining island; from which they viewed the conflagration of their city.

shall cause their voice to be heard for thee, and shall cry out* bitterly, and shall cast dust upon their heads, they 31 shall wallow themselves in ashes: and they shall make their head bald for thee, and gird them with sackcloth : and they shall weep for thee with bitterness of soul, and 32 bitter mourning and in their wailing they shall * take up for thee a lamentation, and shall lament over thee, saying, "What city is as Tyre, which is cut off in the 33 midst of the sea?" When thy wares went forth from the seas, thou didst satisfy many people: with the multitude of thy substance, and of thy merchandise, thou didst 34 enrich the kings of the earth. Now art thou broken in the seas, and thy merchandise in the midst of the waters; and all thy company in the midst of thee are fallen. All H. peoples.

*H. in bitterness.

+ Or, utter.

Jerom says, from the ancient histories of the Assyrians, that, when the safety of the city was despaired of, great numbers of the Tyrians secured themselves and their riches in their ships.

by; and MSS.

Theod.

. V. The

31. —and they shall make &c.-Three MSS. read and edd. read p. Þaλakpóσovoi ènì σè paλákpoμa. 32. -in their wailing.-Reading by transposition present reading signifies their sons, or, their children; sc. of the mariners and pilots: ó. Ar. Syr. Theod. some MSS. and edd. represent it, and Dathius says that beyond doubt it is the true reading.

which is cut off.-I read 7 with Houbigant; but suppose it the participle Niphal, excisa: in which I have the pleasure to find the concurrence of Mr. Dimock. Quis fuerat per maria Tyro similis ?" Houb. But 17 14 MSS. 3 edd. " as she that is put to silence :" quæ obmutuit: V. Part. Pahul from 17 silere.

33. went forth &c.-Were landed at the several marts.

34.

-of thy substance.-7117 2 MSS.

follows.

Now.-V. 6. Ar. Chald. read пny.

in the seas.-'' 6. Ar. Houbigant: who observes that 'ppy

—are fallen.—After 11 6. read 7 47, távtes oi kwñŋλárai σov,

35 the inhabitants of the isles are astonished at thee; and their kings * are horribly afraid, they are troubled in their countenance. The traffickers among the people hiss at thee: thou art become a terror; and thou shalt not be any more for ever.

36

CHAPTER XXVIII.

1 ALSO the word of Jehovah came unto me, saying: Son of man, say unto the prince of Tyre,

2

Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Because thine heart is lifted up, and thou hast said, "I am a god, I sit in the seat of God, in the heart of the seas;" whereas thou art a man, and not God, though thou set thine heart as the 3 heart of God: lo, thou art wiser than Daniel, there is no 4 secret which can be hidden from thee: by thy wisdom and + H. terrors.

*H. are afraid with horror.

as Cappellus observes. "And all thy company in the midst of thee: all thy rowers are fallen."

36.

2.

3.

-a terror.-See c. xxvi. 21.

-the prince of Tyre.-Ithobal. See on c. xxvi. 7.

-in the seat of God." Inaccessible by mortals." Secker.

-wiser than Daniel.-In thy own conceit. That the wisdom of Daniel might be famous at this time, see on c. xiv. 14; and on c. xxvi. 1.

-which can be hidden.-There is no abstruse matter which men can hide from thee. This form of expression is rightly understood by the authors of the Vulgate version and of the Chaldee paraphrase. Omne secretum non est absconditum a te. Et omne secretum [arcanum, mysterium] non abscondetur a te. In like manner V. and Ch. render 1, v. 16. See also e. xxx. 4. 131, et ablata fuerit. Vulg. So Luke xii.

by thine understanding thou hast gotten thee substance, 5 and hast gotten gold and silver in thy treasures: by the greatness of thy wisdom, and by thy merchandise, thou hast multiplied thy wealth, and thine heart is lifted up 6 because of thy wealth: therefore thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Because thou hast set thine heart as the heart 7 of God, therefore, lo, I will bring upon thee strangers, the terrible of the nations; and they shall draw their swords against the beauty of thy wisdom, and shall defile thy brightness. They shall bring thee down to the pit, and thou shalt die* the death of the slain, in the heart of the seas. 9 Wilt thou indeed say, "I am a god," before them that kill thee? whereas thou art a man, and not God, in the 10 hand of them that slay thee. Thou shalt die the ‡ death キ of the uncircumcised by the hand of strangers: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord Jehovah.

8

*H. by the deaths.

H. Saying wilt thou say.

H. deaths.

48. ᾧ παρέθεντο πολύ, περισσότερον αἰτήσουσιν αὐτόν. See also Luke

vi. 38.

5. —and by thy merchandise.-Five MSS. and the ancients read with the vau. The Hebrew is well represented in V. In multitudine—mul

7.

—their swords.—After this word ó. Ar. add by.

And they

shall draw their swords [against thee, and] against the beauty of thy

wisdom.

8. and thou shalt die.-Read 1, with the Dagesch forte in the last letter.

in the heart of the seas.-Notwithstanding the proud, and seem

ingly impregnable, situation of thy city. See c. xxvii. 27, 32.

9.

—before them that kill thee.-7777 plurally, 22 MSS. 3 edd. ó. Ar. Syr. V.

—them that slay thee.-73 MSS. V. Syr.

10. —of the uncircumcised.—Contemptissimorum: Houb. from the Arab. amotus fuit. But Dathius agrees with Schnurrer that the