A History of Hindu Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Middle of the Sixteenth Century, A.D.Williams and Norgate, 1903 |
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achyranthes aspera acid Agnivesa Albérúní alchemists alchemy alkalies alum ancient apparatus Arabic ashes atoms Ayurveda Bagdad blood blue vitriol body boiled Buddhist called caustic century A. D. Chakrapáni CHAPTER Charaka chemical chemistry chloride chyle collyrium colour copper covered crucible crucible diamond diseases doctrine drugs earth earthen extracts fire Geber gold Greek heated Hindu Hindu medicine Hippocrates ibid India Intro iron jamak juice Kanāda Kásmír killed leeches light literature mercury metals mineral mixture myrobalans Nágárjuna Nidána origin orpiment philosophy physicians poison Poona powder preparation pyrites quicksilver quoted rasa Rasárnava Rasayana realgar regarded Rigveda roasted rubbed salt Samkhya Sanskrit silver smell substance sulphate sulphide sulphur Susruta Sútra Tantras Tantric tastes tion Trans translated treatise urine Vágbhata Vaiseshika Vána Vedic vessel Vide Vrinda yantram अथ तथा तु वा सत्त्वं हि
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153 페이지 - And while the soil bears on its surface all kinds of fruits which are known to cultivation, it has also underground numerous veins of all sorts of metals, for it contains much gold and silver, and copper and iron in no small quantity, and even tin and other metals, which are employed in making articles of use and ornament, as well as the implements and accoutrements of war.
195 페이지 - The arts being thus relegated to the low castes and the professions made hereditary, a certain degree of fineness, delicacy and deftness in manipulation was no doubt secured but this was done at a terrible cost. The intellectual portion of the community being thus withdrawn from active participation in the arts, the how and why of phenomena — the coordination of cause and effect — were lost sight of — the spirit of enquiry gradually died out among a nation naturally prone to speculation and...
155 페이지 - AD 400 as a mean date — and it certainly is not far from the truth — it opens our eye to an unsuspected state of affairs to find the Hindus at that age capable of forging a bar of iron larger than any that have been forged even in Europe up to a very late date, and not frequently even now.
cxxxi 페이지 - Of course the Barmak family had been converted, but their contemporaries never thought much of their profession of Islam, nor regarded it as genuine. Induced probably by family traditions, they sent scholars to India, there to study medicine and pharmacology Besides, they engaged Hindu scholars to come to...
lxxiii 페이지 - The ascetic, therefore, who aspires to liberation in this life should first make to himself a glorified body. And inasmuch as mercury is produced by the creative conjunction of Hara and Gauri, and mica is produced from Gauri, mercury and mica are severally identified with Hara and Gauri in the verse — "Mica is thy seed, and mercury is my seed; " The combination of the two, 0 goddess, is destructive of death and poverty.
xliii 페이지 - ... in conversation, from having read modern books, than from having read the best works of antiquity. But it must be considered, that we have now more knowledge generally diffused ; all our ladies read now, which is a great extension. Modern writers are the moons of literature ; they shine with reflected light, with light borrowed from the ancients. Greece appears to me to be the fountain of knowledge ; Rome of elegance.
194 페이지 - ... their rings upon their fingers or wearing swords with silver hilts by their sides, or fine and gay gloves upon their hands, but diligently follow their labours, sweating whole days and nights by their furnaces.
cxxx 페이지 - ... in general, can hardly be over-estimated. During the eighth and ninth centuries the Indians became the teachers in arithmetic and algebra of the Arabs, and through them of the nations of the West. Thus though we call the latter science by an Arabic name, it is a gift we owe to India.
14 페이지 - The six simple colours occur in the atoms of earth; and the seven, including variegated, in its double atoms, and more complex forms. The colour of integrant parts is the cause of colour in the integral substance. (2.) Savour. It is a peculiar quality, to be apprehended only by the organ of taste; and abides in two substances, earth and water. It is a characteristic quality of the last; and in it is sweet. It is perpetual in atoms of water; not so in aqueous products. In earth it is variable; and...
11 페이지 - ... be united. The next consists of three double atoms ; for, if only two were conjoined, magnitude would hardly ensue, since it must be produced either by size or number of particles ; it cannot be their size, and therefore it must be their number. Nor is there any reason for assuming the union of four double atoms, since three suffice to originate magnitude.* The atom then is reckoned to be the sixth part of a mote visible in a sunbeam.