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The following table shows, for both strikes and strikers, during each year of the period, the results expressed in percentages:

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LOCKOUTS.-There were 8 lockouts reported in 1902, 1 each being due to the observance of Labor day (May 1), to the arbitrary reduction of hours by employees, to the demand for a nine-hour day, to the refusal of employees to consent to a change in the method of payment, 2 to the demand for reinstatement of discharged employees, and 2 to the employees leaving the factory without permission of the employers. The following table contains statistics of lockouts for the period 1894 to 1902:

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Statistique des Grèves et des Recours à la Conciliation et à l'Arbitrage Survenus Pendant l' Année 1903. Direction du Travail, Ministère du Commerce, de l'Industrie, des Postes et des Télégraphes. xvi, 575 pp. This is the thirteenth of a series of annual reports on strikes and conciliation and arbitration issued by the French labor bureau. The information is presented in the same form as that contained in previous reports: STRIKES. During the year 1903 there were 567 strikes, involving 3,246 establishments, 123,151 strikers, and 11,268 persons thrown out of work on account of strikes. Of the strikers, 87,283 were men, 26,501 were women, and 9,367 were children. The strikes caused a

total loss of 2,243,323 working days by strikers and 198,621 by other employees thrown out of work, or a total of 2,441,944 working days. In 1902 there were 512 strikes, in which 212,704 strikers were involved and 9,461 other employees were affected, causing an aggregate loss of 4.675,081 working days. The large number of strikers and days lost in 1903 is due to a general strike of textile workers in that year, which alone involved 75,676 strikers and caused a loss of 1,783,015 working days. The average number of days lost per striker in 1903 was 18.

Of the 567 strikes in 1903, 449 involved but 1 establishment each, 39 involved from 2 to 5 establishments, 20 from 6 to 10 establishments, 29 from 11 to 25 establishments, 17 from 26 to 50 establishments, and 5 from 51 to 100 establishments. Of the remaining strikes 7 involved over 100 establishments each, and for 1 the number of establishments. was not reported.

In 416 strikes, all or a part of the striking employees were organized. The employers were organized in 218 strikes. Ten workingmen's unions and 2 employers' associations were organized during the progress of or immediately following strikes. In 60 strikes regular aid was given by labor organizations to their striking members.

Of the 567 strikes, 122, involving 12,526 strikers, succeeded; 222 strikes, involving 89,736 strikers, succeeded partly, and 223 strikes, involving 20,899 strikers, failed. In 225 strikes, the striking employees worked by the hour, day, week, or month; in 211, by the piece, and in the remaining 131, by both time and piece.

The two tables following show, by groups of industries, the number of strikes, strikers, and establishments involved, according to the results of strikes; also the days of work lost by all employees and the number of strikers per 1,000 working people in each group of industries: STRIKES AND ESTABLISHMENTS INVOLVED, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES, 1903.

Industry.

Agriculture, forestry, and fish

eries

Mining.
Quarrying

Food products.

Chemical industries

Paper and printing
Hides and leather..
Textiles...

Clothing, cleaning, etc
Wood working.

Succeeded.

Estab

Succeeded
partly.

Estab

Failed.

Estab

Total.

Estab

Strikes. lish- Strikes. lish- Strikes. lish- Strikes lish

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ments.

ments.

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23

23

38

448

8

39

154

643

130

65

Building (woodwork)

10

107

Metal refining

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Metal working.

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74

155

Precious-metal work..

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STRIKERS AND DAYS OF WORK LOST BY ALL EMPLOYEES THROWN OUT OF WORK BY STRIKES IN 1903, BY GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES.

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a Based on the census of 1896.

bIncluded in building (stone, tile, excavating, roofing, etc., work). e Including building (woodwork). d Based on the total number of industrial working people in France.

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Of the 17 groups of industries above shown, 3, namely, textiles, metal working, and transportation and handling together furnished over one-half of the total number of strikes during the year. With regard to the number of strikers, however, over three-fifths the total number were in the textile industry.

The strike data are shown by causes in the two tables following:

STRIKES, BY CAUSES, 1903.

[Strikes due to two or more causes have been tabulated under each cause; hence the totals for this table do not agree with those for the preceding tables.]

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Strikes. lish- Strikes. lish- Strikes. lish- Strikes. lish

For increase of wages..
Against reduction of wages.
For reduction of hours of labor

with present or increased
wages.

Relating to time and method of payment, etc., of wages....

For or against modification of conditions of work.

Against piecework..

For or against modification of shop rules.....

For abolition or reduction of fines Against discharge or for reinstatement of workmen, foremen, or directors

For discharge of workmen, foremen, or directors....

Against employment of women. For limitation of number of apprentices.

Relating to deductions from wages for support of insurance and aid funds.

Other causes.

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STRIKERS AND DAYS OF WORK LOST BY ALL EMPLOYEES THROWN OUT OF WORK BY STRIKES IN 1903, BY CAUSES.

[Strikes due to two or more causes have been tabulated under each cause; hence the totals for this table do not agree with those for the preceding tables.]

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The most frequent causes of strikes during the year were wage disputes, the demands for increased wages, alone or in conjunction with other demands, having figured in 284 strikes (50 per cent of the total number of strikes for the year) involving 86,595 strikers (70 per cent of the total number of strikers), and causing a loss of 1,838,970 work ing days, which includes days lost by persons who were thrown out of employment on account of strike. Sixty-six of these demands were successful, for 6,448 strikers; 110 partly successful, for 70,618 strikers; and 108, involving 9,529 strikers, failed.

The next two tables show, respectively, the results of strikes, by duration, and the duration and results of strikes, by number of strikers involved:

STRIKES AND STRIKERS, BY DURATION OF STRIKES, 1903.

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DURATION AND RESULTS OF STRIKES, BY NUMBER OF STRIKERS INVOLVED, 1903.

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Of the 567 strikes, 319 lasted one week or less, and of these, 98 lasted

only one day or less.

The following table gives a summary of the most important strike data for each of the years 1894 to 1903:

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CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION.-During the year 1903 recourse to the law of December 27, 1892, in regard to the conciliation and arbitration (") of labor disputes, was had in 152 disputes. In 9 cases recourse was had to the law before entire cessation of work had occurred, in 2 of which a compromise was effected, although the employers had refused the offer of conciliation, and in 2 cases strikes occurred after such refusal. In the other 5 cases committees of conciliation were formed, but in none of these 5 cases was a strike averted. The number of disputes in which the application of the law was requested in 1903 is equal to 26.80 per cent of the number of strikes that actually occurred during the year . During the preceding ten-year period such recourse was had in a number of disputes equal to 23.76 per cent of the total strikes for the period. Requests for the application of the law during 1903 were made by employees in 89 disputes, by employers in 3 disputes, and by employees and employers united in 2 disputes. In the other 58 disputes in which recourse was had to the law the initiative was taken by justices of the peace.

a For the provisions of this law see Bulletin of the Department of Labor, No. 25, pp. 854-856.

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