The foregoing table shows that while there was a slight decrease in the total number of employees in August, 1900, when compared with the preceding month, the number steadily increased each month from August, 1900, to May, 1901, the total increase for the 10 months being equal to 11.2 per cent. In the last month there was a decrease of 2.5 per cent.

The following two tables are similar in their presentation to the tables relating to coal-mine workers. They show the average earnings of coke workers in this district, and the number of shifts worked during the year ending June 30, 1901.

AVERAGE GROSS EARNINGS, WAGE DEDUCTIONS, AND NET EARNINGS, PER EMPLOYEE, OF COKE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN THE OSTRAU-KARWIN COAL-MINE DISTRICT DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1901.

SHIFTS WORKED BY COKE WORKERS IN THE OSTRAU-KARWIN COAL-MINE DISTRICT DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1901.

The first of the foregoing tables shows that the average gross wages per employee during the year amounted to $175.26, the average allowances on account of gratuities and school contributions to $0.31, and the total gross earnings to $175.57. The total deductions amounted to $6.82, leaving $168.75 for net earnings. Adding to the net earnings

the sick benefits of $1.27, makes the actual total income per employee for the year equal to $170.02.

A comparison of the foregoing figures with the earnings of coal mine workers shows that the wages, the total gross earnings, the net earnings, and the total actual income were greater in the case of the coke workers than the corresponding items relating to coal workers. The second table shows for each principal occupation the average number of shifts worked per employee and the number and percentage of night shifts and Sunday and holiday shifts worked during the

year.

Of the 2,348 persons employed on June 30, 1901, 1,435 or 61.1 per cent were paid by the shift and 913 or 38.9 per cent were piece or contract workers. The foremen, enginemen, and female laborers were paid exclusively by the shift. Piece or contract workers represented 46.1 per cent of the skilled workers, 61.6 per cent of the furnacemen, and 31.4 per cent of the day laborers.

MANUFACTURES. --The investigation relating to the labor conditions in manufacturing industries covered the period from January 1, 1901, to June 30, 1901, and embraced 101 establishments, with 18,729 employees, including 18 apprentices without pay, grouped according to the classification shown in the following table:

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN 101 MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE OSTRAUKARWIN COAL-MINE DISTRICT DURING THE SIX MONTHS ENDING JUNE 30, 1901. [Eighteen apprentices, receiving no pay, were not included in the table.]

Of 82 establishments reporting hours of labor, 39 with 11,698 employees operated day and night shifts of equal length; in 2 establishments with 1,177 employees the duration of the day shift, exclusive of periods of rest, was 10 hours; that of the night shift was in one case 6 hours, and in the other case it was not reported. The hours for watchmen in a mining and smelting company having 28 establishments were uniformly 12 hours per day and 12 hours per night, without special provision for hours of rest. In the remaining 40 establishments reporting hours of labor, the operations were confined to the daytime, the hours ranging from 7 to 11 per day, the 10-hour day predominating in 25 establishments with 2,759 employees.

16964-No. 58-05-17

The following table, compiled from data given in the report, presents in detail the foregoing facts in tabular form:

HOURS OF LABOR IN 82 MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE OSTRAU-KARWIN COAL-MINE DISTRICT DURING THE SIX MONTHS ENDING JUNE 30, 1901.

The wage statistics for manufacturing establishments are presented in two series of tables, all employees being classified as superintendents, foremen, male workers, and female workers. The first series shows for each group of industries and for each class of employees separately the number of employees arranged by age groups, their total weekly wages, and the average weekly wages per employee. In the second series the presentation is arranged by wage groups based upon the average weekly wages per employee, showing in the first part the actual figures and in the second part the relative figures. In both series of tables the facts are shown separately for the pieceworkers and the time workers. These tables are supplemented by tabular statements showing the number of employees receiving extra allowances on account of rent, fuel, lighting, etc., either free of charge or at prices below the prevailing rates. Of the total of 18,729 employees, 7,438 or 39.7 per cent received extra allowances of one kind or another, and 11,291 or 60.3 per cent received no such allowances.

In the following table a classification of the employees is made according to wage groups, based upon their average weekly wages:

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN 101 MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE OSTRAUKARWIN COAL MINE DISTRICT DURING THE SIX MONTHS ENDING JUNE 30, 1901, ACCORDING TO WAGE GROUPS.

[Eighteen apprentices, receiving no pay, were not included in the table.]

An examination of the foregoing table shows that of the whole number of employees 4,172, or 22.3 per cent, earn less than $2.44 per week; 9,674, or 51.7 per cent, earn from $2.44 to $4.87 per week; 2,285, or 12.2 per cent, earn from $4.87 to $6.09 per week; 2,251, or 12 per cent, earn from $6.09 to $10.15 per week; 274, or 1.5 per cent, earn from $10.15 to $14.21 per week, and 55, or 0.3 per cent, earn over $14.21 per week. The largest number of male workers is represented by the group showing earnings from $6.09 to $8.12 per week, the largest number of female workers by the group showing earnings from $1.22 to $1.42 per week, and the largest number of all employees by the group showing earnings from $6.09 to $8.12 per week.

HANDICRAFTS. This part of the report is based upon 250 returns, collected partly through an agent of the Bureau and partly through the cooperation of the board of trade at Troppau. It treats of the hours of labor and the wages paid in 40 different handicraft trades in 42 localities of the district.

The hours of labor were reported in 243 cases, 215 cases showing either a fixed number of hours or a variation of 1 hour between the minimum and maximum hours, while in the remaining 28 cases the variation between the minimum and maximum hours showed a range of 2 to 3 hours. In 66 establishments the actual number of working hours was 10 per day, in 54 establishments 11 per day, and in 46 establishments 12 per day, while in the remaining 77 establishments the hours ranged from 6 to 15 per day.

The statistics relating to wages show for each particular trade the number of localities for which data have been reported; the class of wageworkers, designated as male adult workers, young persons, and female workers; the lowest and the highest wages per week paid in the localities reporting, and the character of additional allowances in cases where these are granted. The following table, compiled from data given in the report, shows these items for male adults and young persons engaged in 15 selected occupations:

WEEKLY WAGES PAID IN 15 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS IN THE OSTRAU-KARWIN COALMINE DISTRICT IN 1901.