BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR. DAILY AND MONTHLY WAGES PAID IN CERTAIN OCCUPATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINE Leyte, Cebu, Negros Occi- Iloilo. boanga. Bohol, Paragua, Dapitan, Sámar, Cápiz, Antique, to 1898. In Prior 1902. to 1898. to 1902. to 1898. 1902. In 1902. to 1898. 1898. 20.00 50 1.00 30.00 $0.15 $0.25 Barbers 12.50 18.50 18.50 30.00 2. 60 1.00 Boatmen.. 3.00 8.00 2.00 .20 50 40.00 60.00 25 Brickmakers.. 1.00 10.00 15.00 2.00 12.50 10.00 1.00 18.00 25 .50 1.50 Cigar makers. 18.50 30.00 1.00 3.00 6.00 8.00 .50 15 Clerks...... 40 40.00 80.00 12.00 Coachmen 20.00 30.00 3.00 8.00 Cooks...... 10.00 25.00 Copyists 50 1.00 2.00 15.00 20.00 40.00 10.00 30.00 Draftsmen 888 40 25.00 120.00 20 30.00 50 03 125.00 40.00 140.00 100.00 50 1.00 Dressmakers... 6.00 10.00 110.00 15.00 130.00 40.CO 1.00 2.00 1.50 8.00 Horseshoers.. AVERAGE WAGES PAID FILIPINO WORKMEN IN MANILA PRIOR TO 1898 AND IN 1902, IN LOCAL (MEXICAN) CURRENCY, BY THE DAY OR BY THE MONTH, IN THE OCCUPATIONS SPECIFIED. [From the Philippine census. Equivalents in United States currency have not been computed on account of the fluctuations in value of silver currency as shown on page 739.] Occupation. AVERAGE WAGES PAID FILIPINO WORKMEN IN MANILA PRIOR TO 1898 AND IN 1902, IN LOCAL (MEXICAN) CURRENCY, BY THE DAY OR BY THE MONTH, IN THE OCCUPATIONS SPECIFIED-Concluded. AVERAGE NUMBER, HOURS AND DAYS OF LABOR, AND WAGES OF RAILROAD EMPLOYEES IN THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE YEAR 1902. [From the Philippine census. Equivalents in United States currency have not been computed on account of the fluctuations in value of silver currency as shown on page 739.] AVERAGE NUMBER, HOURS AND DAYS OF LABOR, AND WAGES OF RAILROAD EMPLOY EES IN THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE YEAR 1902-Concluded. LABOR CONDITIONS IN JAVA. BY VICTOR S. CLARK, PH. D. INTRODUCTION. Java is the principal island of the Netherlands Indies from the point of view of population and industrial development. In many respects it presents in a typical and perfected form the results of a consistent colonial theory, wrought out during a century of national administration by a European government, and applied to an oriental people. Success and failure, the possibilities and the limitations of occidental influence upon the political, social, and economic condition of an eastern nation, are alike recorded in the history and in the present condition of the colony. An investigation of any group of sociological facts relating to this country, therefore, has a more or less general application wherever the problem arises of governing an oriental nation in conformity with the ideals of western civilization. The island of Java resembles Cuba in area, outline, and agricultural capabilities, although its topography and geological features differ in many ways from those of its West Indian counterpart, and it lies 15° nearer the center of the Torrid Zone, or just south of the equator, while the latter island lies slightly within the northern tropic. Nevertheless the greater elevation of the interior plateaus of Java countervails the effect of its lower latitude, so that oppressive heat is hardly more common than in Cuba. The climatic differences of the two countries reveal themselves rather through prolonged effects upon organic life-upon flora and fauna--than by phenomena directly sensible to the visitor from other lands. The same influences probably help to shape sociological and economic conditions, which are doubtless as plastic as organic forms, and thus react indirectly upon industries. But in the main Java and Cuba produce the same agricultural commodities for export. Turning to the Philippines, if we exclude manila hemp, of which those islands seem to have a natural monopoly by virtue of some obscure endowment of soil or climate, our own insular dependency is engaged in similar lines of production. The kinship of the Javanese and the Filipino races is close, and there is evidence to suggest that the social traditions and instincts and the institutional |