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If the extradition of the fugitive is sought for several offenses, copies of the several convictions, indictments, or informations, and of the documents in support of each should be furnished.

Application for the extradition of a fugitive should state his full name, if known, and his alias, if any, the offense or offenses, in the language of the treaty, upon which his extradition is desired, and the full name of the person proposed for designation by the President to receive and convey the prisoner to the United States.

As the application proper is desired solely by the Department as a basis for its action, and is retained by it, it is not necessary that it should be attached to the evidence. Copies of the record of conviction, or of the indictment, or information, and of the warrant of arrest, and the other papers and documents going to make up the evidence are required by the Department, in the first instance, as a basis for requesting the surrender of the fugitive, but chiefly in order that they may be duly authenticated under the seal of the Department, so as to make them receivable as evidence where the fugitive is arrested, upon the question of his surrender.

Copies of all papers going to make up the evidence, transmitted as herein required, including the record of conviction, or the indictment, or information, and the warrant of arrest, must be duly certified and then authenticated un

der the great seal of the State making the application or the seal of the Department of Justice, as the case may be; and this Department will authenticate the seal of the State or of the Department of Justice. For example, if a deposition is made before a justice of the peace, the official character of the justice and his authority to administer oaths should be attested by the county clerk or other superior certifying officer; the certificate of the county clerk should be authenticated by the Governor or Secretary of State under the seal of the State, and the latter will be authenticated by this Department. If there is but one authentication, it should plainly cover all the papers attached.

All of the papers herein required in the way of evidence must be transmitted in duplicate, one copy to be retained in the files of the Department, and the other, duly authenticated by the Secretary of State, will be returned with the President's warrant, for the use of the agent who may be designated to receive the fugitive. As the Governor of the State, or the Department of Justice, also ordinarily requires a copy, prosecuting attorneys should have all papers made in triplicate.

By the practice of some of the countries with which the United States has treaties, in order to entitle copies of depositions to be received in evidence the party producing them is required to declare under oath that they are true copies of the original depositions. It is desirable, there

fore, that such agent, either from a comparison of the copies with the originals, or from having been present at the attestations of the copies, should be prepared to make such declaration. When the original depositions are forwarded, such declaration is not required.

Applications by telegraph or letter are frequently made to this Department for its intervention to obtain the provisional arrest and detention of fugitives in foreign countries, in advance of the presentation of the formal proofs upon which a demand for their extradition may be based. Such applications should state specifically the name of the fugitive, the offense with which he is charged, the circumstances of the crime as fully as possible, and a description and identification of the accused. It is always helpful to show that an indictment has been found or a warrant of arrest has been issued for the apprehension of the accused. In Great Britain the practice makes it essential that it shall appear that a warrant of arrest has been issued in this country.*

Care should be taken to observe the provisions of the particular treaty under which extradition is sought, and to comply with any special provisions contained therein. The extradition treaties of the United States may be found in the several volumes of the Statutes at Large, in the "Re

For fuller information with respect to procedure in cases of provisional arrest within British jurisdiction, see Department's memorandum of May, 1890.

vised Statutes of the United States relating to the District of Columbia and Post Roads, together with Public Treaties in force on the 1st day of December, 1873," and in the volume of Public Treaties, 1887. Copies of individual treaties will be furnished by the Department upon application.

If the offense charged be a violation of a law of a State or Territory, the agent authorized by the President to receive the fugitive will be required to deliver him to the authorities of such State or Territory. If the offense charged be a violation of a law of the United States, the agent will be required to deliver the fugitive to the proper authorities of the United States for the judicial district having jurisdiction of the offense.

Where the requisition is made for an offense against the laws of a State or Territory, the expenses attending the apprehension and delivery of the fugitive must be borne by such State or Territory. Expenses of extradition are defrayed by the United States only when the offense is against its own laws.

A strict compliance with these requirements may save much delay and expense to the party seeking the extradition of a fugitive criminal.

The Bureau of Commissions and Pardons also makes out and records the exequaturs by

which this Government recognizes a consular officer of a foreign country. This duty has been a part of the Department's functions from the time of the Constitution, but all exequaturs were signed by the President up to 1879. Since then he has signed only those that recognize a Consul appointed by the head of the government he represents. Consuls who are appointed by an inferior officer are recognized upon the certificate of the Secretary of State.

Probably the most important routine duties of the Department of State are those connected with the consular and diplomatic service. The Department of Foreign Affairs was formed with the chief object of taking under its charge these functions of government, and the methods of administration have not changed materially since the early days of the Republic. Making allowances for increased facilities of communication between the home office and its agents abroad, a study of the system followed now will indicate what it has always been.

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