Columbus, 525.
Commerce, antiquity, 83; progress, 75;
v. Caravans.

--, innocent, 1481-; colonial,
1483-1486, 1489; home, 1487; enemy's
goods, 1484, 1494-; neutrals in enemy
ship, 1484, 1490-; v. Contraband.
Communication between enemies, 1295-,
1326.

waters of, 56, 589, 592.

Compensation for injury, 756.

Condemnation of prize, 1686-, 1709-,

1726-; confiscation, 1753.
Condition of ship, 727-, 802.
Condottieri, 470, 1221.

Conduct of captors, 1636; of ship, 706-,
754, 812; internal, 755; collision, 758;
law of the sea, 759, 774.
Confederates, 1364-.

Constantinople, 356; British Court at, 934.
Contraband of war, what is, or not, 1442-;
destination, 1471-; confiscation, 1769.
Contract, 585.
Conventions, 424-.

Golden Fleece, 177-.

Good Hope, 115, 239, 523, 533.
Goths and Vandals, 308.

Greeks, 112, 118, 152-; fleet before Troy,
182-.

Guerillas, 1230, 1240-
Gunpowder, 517-.

Hamilco, 262.
Hanno, 261.

Hanse, 408-.

Hibernia, 294-.

Land, enjoyment of, 4, 5; division, 6.
Leghorn, 351.

Letters, antiquity of, 83.
Liability of ship and owner, 695-, 881-;
for what, 888-; for what not, 883-,
891; exemptions, 887-; pilot on board,
861-; extent, 892; limited, 893-, 920;
how estimated, 901-; colonies, 898; open
sea, 899; national waters, 899; forum,
901; suit to limit, 953-; under conven-
tions, 907-; in United States, 912-;
conditional privileges, 908.

Life, loss of, 891, 946.

Lights, 742-.

Limited liability v. liability.

Line, presidial, 48, 50, 612; shore, 22, 32';
marine, 31, 48; coast, 51; river, 33.

Nature, law of, 563.
Naucratis, 112, 118, 258.

Navigable area, use of, 681-; subordi-
nation of rights on, 682-; incidents to
use of, 685; use of shore, 686-.
Navigation, right of, 45; improper, 914.
Navy, Grecian, 182-; Edward III., 182;
English, 542; of Scotland, 390.
Neutrals, ch. xii., and rights of, 470-;

as to belligerents, 1378-; rights and
duties of state, 1384-; of subjects,
1438-; neutral ships' admission to bel-
ligerent ports, 1384; search, 1385-;
convoy, 1389-.

Neutrality, armed, of Rhodes, 151; of
Northern States, 1391.

Neutral waters, belligerent ships in,
1397-; repairs, 1405-; augmentation
of force, 1406-.

Neutralization, 1178, 1371-.

Nomades, 82.

Norman conquest, 376-.

Northmen, 296, 305, 324.

North-western voyages, 548, 555.

Obstruction to navigation, 812-.
Ocean, 52; v. Open sea.

Offence, Capture in, 1617-.
Officers, 736-.

Oleron, 407.
Open sea, 11, 20-; limits of, 591; bed,
31; right to use, 47, 635-; regulations
of, 637-; aggressions on, 638; law of,
588, 642-; conduct on, 759-; highway
without toll. 332, 640; ships on, are
still national, 642.
Ostia, 170, 264.
Ostium fluminis, 27.
Overtaking ships, 794.

Palmyra, 124, 130.

Paris, Declaration of, 1163.
Parthenope, 208.

Passengers evidence of number, 920.
Peace, 1797.

Pelasgians, 168, 173, 175.

Petra, 103, 124.

Phocæa, 189, 192, 250-.

Phoenicia, 79, 112-, 121–, 136–, 152–, 159–,
173, 211-, 225, 230-, 235.

Pilots, 814; duty, 835-; when ship re-
lieved from liability, 820, 834, 861;
when not, 822-; boats, 818-; pilotage.
or salvage, 1021-.

Piracy and pirates, 112, 378-, 424–, 543,
1208-, 1230-.

Pisa, 342, 351-.

Portugal and Spain, Discoveries of, 532.
Precautions, 847, 853.

Precedents of English and French prize
courts, 1791.

Pre-emption, 1475–.

Preliminary examination, 1728.
Presidial line, 48, 50, 612.
Presumption as to fault, 865-.
Private armament, 470-.

-- wars, 439, 444, 453.

Privateers, 472, 543, 549, 556, 1221-, 1244,
1266-, 1419.

Privileged nation, 593.

Privileges of foreign ships, 908-.
Prize, Right to, 1626-; property in, 1646;
custody of, 1742; release, 1651; ran-
som, 1659; abandonment, 1653-; right
of possession, 1658; in neutral waters,
1411-; court, 1708; jurisdiction, 1711-;
proceedings, 1731; law which should
govern, 1749-; reclamations against,
1710.

Proclamations relating to war, 1201-.
Property in ship and cargo, 1754; in
enemy's country, 1278-, 1282.
Proprietary rights, 44.

Protected nation, 1176.

Pytheas, 283.

River, 25; subterranean, 2; mouth, 27;
distinct from land, 28; bed, 33; shore,
34, 37; bank, 35; line, 33; property
in, 28: rivers of communication, 596.
Road, rule of, 777-.

Rome, 217-, 263-; and Carthage, 260-;
primeval, 170, 263; Roman empire,
dissolution of, 307-.

Rules for sailing, general, 796-; time for
obeying, 801-; departure from, 803–.
Sabæans, 101, 114.
Salmon, 390.

Salvage, 982; civil, 983-; military, 984-,
1694; nature of, 986-; for what and
for what not, 989-; who entitled to,
1003; who not, 1012-; contract for,
express or implied, 1038-; rate of
civil, 1049-; of military, 1698-; lien
for, 1065; retention, 1066; remedy for,
1072-; value, 1706; apportionment,
civil, 1067; military, 1707.

Salvors' skill, 1028; duties, 1020, 1028-.
Samaria, 244.

Saracens, 323-.
Sardinia, 274.
Scandia, 293-.
Scythians, 195.

Sea, open, v. Open sea; shore, 33, 36;
bank, 35; pass, 720; sovereignty of,
53-, 200, 465-.

Search, 1568-; right of, 1568-, 1574-;

office, 1568-; by what ships, 1570; of
what ships, 1573; of what not, 1572;
where, and where not, 1580; purpose,
1575; conduct of cruiser, 1581-; of
merchantman, 1583; flight from, 1586-;
resistance to, 1611; constructive, 1614;
process, 1595; detention, 1450, 1595-,
1601; capture, 1598.

Security from claimants and captors,
1745.

Set forth for war, 1682.

Ship part of her country, 52, 642-, 712-;
impersonation, 559-, 693; forum, 83;
Chinese, 88; Malays, 97-; Indian,
97; South Sea, 100; Egyptian, 104–;
Grecian, 182-; ancient, 288; Veneti,
287; coracles, 301; Scandinavian, 457–;
fleets, 454-; public ship, 714; private,

Soil, subaqueous rights to, 62.
South Sea islands and ships, 100.
Sovereign represents public rights, 63;
sovereignty of the sea, v. Sea.

Spain, 162, 235, 263, 292, 358–, 432, 532.
Speed, 790, 870.

State responsible for subjects, 586,
Steamer, 781-; towing, 782-.
Straits, law of, 594, v. Waters.
Stream, v. River.
Syracuse, 24, 215.
Syria, v. Phoenicia.

Tadmor, 130.

Taprobane, 99, 103, 114.

Terrene law and rights, 6, 10-, 30-.
Thule, 81, 298.

Tin, 113, 226, 255, 290.

Towing, 782; reciprocal duties and lia-
bilities, 862-; towage or salvage, 1021.
Towns, independence of, 380-; treaties
with, 437, 446, 453.

Trade of enemies, 1300-; between them,
1303-; in enemy's ships, 1319-, 1324;
licences for, 1322, 1326; between enemy
and neutral, 1327-; Board of, 946, v.

War, laws of, 1127 to 1168; justice of,
1177.

Waters, Area of, 16 (see open sea); of
communication, 56, 589, 592-, 773-;
national, 9, 48, 55, 590, 773; limits,
61; external, 612; internal, 623-; re-
striction or extension of, 629-; maritime
territory, 650; highway on, and on the
shore, 45, 633-; division, 20; distri-
bution, 58; law of, 17; rights in, 9, 12,
45, 58-; fluctuating state, 9; enjoy-
ment of, 7, 9, 17-; dominion over, 7,
8, 10, 18; property in, 7, 9, 18, 58, 61;
inmates of, 7-; riparian rights, 9, 58-.
Western settlements, 290-, 308, 314.
Wisby, 405, 416.

Wreck includes ligan, flotsam, and jetsam,

966-; ownership, 967; law, Rhodian
and Roman, 959; Welsh, 960; Saxon,
961; Scotch, 962; Barcelona, Oleron,
etc., 963; France, 964; general, 965;
English, 961,978-; foreign owners, 976;
assistance and access to sea, bank, and
shore, 968; obstructing, 973; protec-
tion by Board of Trade, 970; officers,
971; receiver, 971, 979; persons find-
ing, 972; plundering, 973; selling, 974;
riotous plundering, 975-; foreign
goods, 977; salvage, v. Salvage.

Yu, 84.

Zenghis, 512, 513.