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LIST OF Frend.

HIS MAJESTY'S MINISTERS.

1815,

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SUMMARIES OF POLITICS.

Literary Fund and Washington Benevolent Soci❤
ety, 591.

To John Cartwright, Esq. on the Peace between Interesting Documents, 599.

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The Endymion and President Frigates, 605,

Nottingham Petition against the War, 621.

Petitions against the War, 639.

America and Algiers, 663.

Notes on Jonathan's Letters from Boston, 678-81-
3-4-7.

The Champ De Mai, 726.

Abdication of Napoleon in favour of his Son,
Historical Notices of the War, 783, 821.
Appointment of a Provisional Government,
&c. 805.

COMMUNICATIONS.

A By Stander, on German Troops, 16.
No German, on Riot at Lynn, 17.

Erasmus Parkins, on Religious Persecution, 19,
92, 152, 214, 250, 433.

Justus, on the Edipus Judaicus, 24.
Justitia, on Lettres de Cachet, 27.

Benevolus, on the Pillory, 69.
, on Legitimate Sovereignty, 588.
University of Oxford, 32, 186, 281, 310.
Juvenis, on the Congress, 82, 120, 437.
An Admirer of American Republicanism, 51.

A. B. on the Pillory, 85.

Varro, on the dipus Judaicus, 83.
Civis, en Finance, 114.

Public Rejoicing by W. W. 120.

A Thinking Briton, on the State of the Nation,

148

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-, on Reform, War, and Taxes, $80.

-, on the consequences of a War with

A Constant Reader, on Commerce and No Corn
Bill, 270.

G. M.'s Plain Picture of the Corn Laws, 271.
W, P. R. on Freedom of Speech, 284.

on the Corn Laws, 336.

A Friend to Sincerity, on Cheap Corn, 293.
T. H. I. on the Corn Laws, 297.

Amicus Britanniæ, on Popular Opinions, 313.
An Old Bachelor, on the Bachelor's Tax, 533.

R. F.'s Defence of the Farmers, 337.
Verax on Religious Persecution, 378.
The Fair Sex, 379.

H. on the War with France, 411.

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798.

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Answer of the Emperor, ib.

Napoleon's Declaration to the French People, 805.

Address of the Parisian Federation, 809.

Proclamation by the Government Commission, 810.

Account of the battle of Waterloo.

CONGRESS AT VIENNA.-Declaration of the Al-

lies against Napoleon, 483.

Minutes of Conference respecting the Answer of

Napoleon to the Declaration of the Allies, 698.
GREAT BRITAIN.-Bulletin of the defeat of the Bri
tish Army at New Orleans, 8th Jan. 1815, 318,
Gazette Account of the battle of Waterloo, 784.
Gazette Account of the Advance of the Allied
Armies towards Paris, 830.

PRUSSIA.-Account of the battle of Waterloo, 826.

PRICES AND BANKRUPTS.

Record of the PRICES of Bread, Wheat, Meat, Labour, Bullion and Funds, in
England, during the time that this Volume was publishing; and also of the number
of Bankrupts, during the same period; that is, from January to June, 1815, both months
inclusive,

BREAD. The average price of the Quartern Loaf, weighing 4lb. 5oz. 8drms. in London, which
pearly the same as in other parts of the country, 111d.

WHEAT-The average price for the above period, through all England, per Winchester Bushel of
8 gallons, 8s. 3d.

MEAT--Per pound, on an average for the time above stated, as sold wholesale at Smithfield Mar-
ket, uot including the value of skin or offal. Beef, 7jd.; Mutton, 8d.; Veal, 94d.; Pork, 94d.—
N.B. This is nearly the retail price all over the country, the Butcher's profit consisting of the skin
and offal.

LABOUR.--The average pay per day of a labouring man employed iu farming work, at Botley, in
Hampshire, being about a fifth higher than the wages throughout the whole country, 1s. 11d.

BULLION. Standard Gold in Bars, per Oz. £5. 2.-Standard Silver do. s. Sąd. N.B. These
are the average prices, during the above period, in Bank of Englund Notes. The prices in Gold and
Silver Coin are, for an ounce of Gold £3. 17s. 10‡d. ; for an ounce of Silver, 5s. 2d.

FUNDS.--Average price of the Three Per Cent. Consolidated Aunuities, during the ab ove period,

603.

BANKRUPTS.--Number of Bankrupts, declared in the London Gazette, during the above period,

581.

VOL. XXVII. No. 1.] LONDON, SATURDAY, JAN. 7, 1815. [Price 1s.

1]

TO JOHN CARTWRIGHT, Esq.

THE INFLEXIBLE ENEMY OF TYRANNY.
ON THE

Peace between England and America

$6 sce

[2

nuance until now; and, 3d, of the causes which produced the peace. When we have done this, the consequences of such a termination of the war will naturally develope themselves to our view. Happily this war Botley, January 1, 1815. has closed before its causes and its objects DEAR SIR,-When you, a few minutes have been forgotten. We are yet within. after I was enclosed amongst felons in the recollection of every circumstance; and Newgate, for having written about the though I have, over and over again, stated fogging of English. Local Militia-men in them all, it is now necessary to recapituthe presence of German Dragoons, at the late the material points, and to give them, town of Ely, came to take me by the hand, if possible, a form and situation that may and, looking round you, exclaimed, "Well! defy the power of time. All sorts of vile "I am seventy years old, but I shall yet means will be used by those who have the ..............;" when you controul of a corrupt press, to misrepresent, uttered that exclamation, little indeed did to disfigure, to disguise, to suppress, upou I hope that your prediction would so soon this important occasion. The hirelings are seem to be in a fair way of being fulfilled. raving with mortification at this grand The peace with America is certainly the event, the consequences of which they feel most auspicious event that I have ever had before hand. It is, therefore, incumbent to record, or to notice, since the first day upon us to place the whole of the matter in that I ventured to put my thoughts upon a clear light, and thus to do all that we are paper. It opens to mankind a prospect of able to counteract their efforts. happier days. It has, by a stroke of the FIRST, as to the cause of the war: pen, blasted the malignant hopes of the though there had been several points in enemies of freedom, baffled all their specu- dispute, the war was produced by the imlations, flung them back beyond the point pressment, by our naval officers, of men out whence they started in their career of hos-of American ships on the high seas. tility against the principles of political and civil liberty; hurled them and their paragraphs, and pamphlets and reviews, and all the rest of their hireling productions, down into the dirt to be trampled under foot; changed their exultation into mourning, their audacity into fear. Let those to whom liberty and slavery are indifferent talk about boundary lines, passages, fishing banks and commercial arrangements; you will look at the peace with very different eyes; you will see in it the greatest stroke that has ever yet been struck in favour of cause, to which have devoted you life; and struck, too, at a time, when almost every friend of freedom, except yourself, seemed to have yielded to feelings of despair.

The

Republic wished to take no part in the Luropean war, especially after Napoleon made himself a King. But she, at last, found, that, in order to avoid miserics equal to those of war, it was necessary for her to arm and to fight. We stopped her ships on the high seas, and our naval officers impresed such men as they thought proper, took them on board of our ships, compelled them to submit to our discipline, and to fight, in short, in our service. The ground on which we proceeded to do this was, that the persons impressed were British subjects; and that we had a right to impress British subjects, being seamen, find them where we might. The Republic denied altogether our right to take persons of any description by force out of her neutral A But, in order to be able fully and justly ships, unless they were soldiers or seamen to estimate the consequences of this peace, actually in the service of our enemy. But, we must take a review, 1st, of the cause perhaps, if we had confined our impressof the war; 2d, of the causes of its conti-ments to our own people, she might not

that

your

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have gone to war. This, however, our naval officers did not do. It has never on the part of your Government to desist been denied by our Government, that many "from hostilities, or to comply with the native Republicans were impressed by our "conditions expressed in the said Order. officers. It is notorious, that many of them" Under the circumstances of your having have been compelled to serve on board of "no powers to negociate, I must decline our ships; and, of course, that many have " entering into a detailed discussion of the been wounded or killed; or, at least, car- propositions which you have been directried from their country, their homes, their "ed to bring forward.-I cannot, however, family, and their allairs. Mr. Madison," refrain on one single point from expressin his last speech to the Congress, states," ing my surprise; namely, that, as a conthat "thousands" of Native Republicans" dition, preliminary even to a suspension were thus impressed, before war was de-" of hostilities, the Government of the clared by the Congress. The Congress," United States should have thought fit to at last, declared war; but the President, demand, that the British Government always anxious to avoid the calamities of "should desist from its ancient and accuswar, immediately proposed the renewal of "tomed practice of impressing British seanegociations for peace. Mr. Russell, then "men from the merchant ships of a foreign the Republican Minister in London, signi- " State, simply on the assurance that a law fied to Lord Castlereagh, in August 1812," shall hereafter be passed, to prohibit the that he was authorised to stipulate for an "employment of British seamen in the Armistice, to begin in sixty days, on the "public or commercial service of that following conditions: "That the Orders in" State.-The British Government now, "Council be repealed, and no illegal" as heretofore, is ready to receive from "blockades be substituted for them; and the Government of the United States, "that orders be immediately given to dis-" and amicably to discuss, any proposition "continue the impressment of persons from "which professes to have in view either to "American vessels, and to restore the "check abuse in exercise of the practice "citizens of the United States already im-" of impressment, or to accomplish, by pressed it being moreover well under-" means less liable to vexation, the object "stood, that the British Government will" for which impressment has hitherto been "assent to enter into definitive arrange-" found necessary; but they cannot consent ments, as soon as may be, on these and" to suspend the exercise of a right upon every other difference, by a Treaty, to be" which the naval strength of the empire concluded, either at London or Wash-" mainly depends, until they are fully con❝ington, as on an impartial consideration" vinced that means can be devised, and "of existing circumstances shall be deem-"will be adopted, by which the object to ed most expedient.As an inducement" be obtained by the exercise of that right "to Great Britain to discontinue the prac- can be effectually sccured. I have the "tice of impressment from American" honour to be, Sir, your most obedient "vessels, I am authorised to give assurance "humble Servant."

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that a law shall be passed (to be reci- This offer, you will perceive, came from procal), to prohibit the employment of the President. How false, then, is the British scamen in the public or commer-charge, that he went to war to assist Na"cial service of the United States. It is polcon! If that had been true, he, of sincerely believed, that such an arrange-course, would have proposed no armistice. "ment would prove more efficacious, in He would have been anxious to avoid all securing to Great Britain her seamen, "than the practice of impressment, so deragatory to the sovereign attributes of the “United States, and so incompatible with "the personal rights of their citizens."

means of reconciliation. But, on the contrary, he is the first to make an effort to put an end to the war; and, even in the case of impressment, to tender voluntarily a measure calculated to remove our apLord Castlereagh's answer to this was prehensions on the score of our seamen. as follows:-" From this statement you I do not know how an English Secretary of "will perceive, that the view you have State may have been able to look a Repubtaken of this part of the subject is incor-lican Minister in the face, while the forrect; and that, in the present state of the mer was asserting, that the strength of "relations between the two countries, the England mainly depended on the exercise operation of the Order of the 23d of of the right of impressing its own subjects;

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