1802 The King of Spain annexed to the Royal domains all the property of the Knights of Malta, and declared himself Grand Master of that Order in Spain.
Victor Le Clerc, brother-in-law of Buonaparte, dies at St.
Domingo, Nov. 1st. He was Captain-General of the
French forces in that island.
General Andreossi, ambassador from the French Republic,
arrives in London, Nov. 17th.
Colonel Despard's conspiracy, Nov. 16th.
Civil war in Switzerland. Napoleon assumes the character
of arbiter between the two parties. The number of
Cantons increased to 19. The Federal government of
Switzerland restored, and a landamman appointed by
France.
French Concordat. The Gallican Church restored, April
8th. The vacant sees to be filled up by the Pope, on
the nomination of the government.
Col. Edward Marcus Despard and his associates executed. Peltier, the Journalist, found guilty of a libel upon Buonaparte, Feb. 21st. Correspondence of Buonaparte with Louis XVIII. at Warsaw, Feb. 26th. The King refuses to forego his rights, and by a public document re-asserted them, in which he was joined by every branch of the Bourbon family.
Buonaparte personally insults the English ambassador,
Lord Whitworth, in the presence of the Court at the
Tuileries, March 13th, respecting the island of Malta
not being evacuated. Lord Whitworth leaves Paris,
May 12th, and lands at Dover on the 20th, where he
met Andreossi, the French minister, about to embark
for France.
Louisiana sold by Buonaparte to the United States.
Order of Council, May 16th, was issued granting reprisals
against the ships, goods, and subjects of the French
Republic, and an embargo on all ships of the French
and Batavian Republic in the ports of Great Britain.
Nelson, in the Victory, accompanied by the Amphion, sails
from Portsmouth to take command in the Mediterranean.
The French man-of-war, Le Duguesne, of 74 guns, cap-
tured by the Vanguard off St. Domingo, July 24th.
Buonaparte detains the English residents in France and
Holland, May 22nd. The number of English in France,
by the decree of the French government, amounted at
this time to 11,000, and in Holland to 1300 persons.
Declaration of Buonaparte against British commerce.
The island of St. Lucia surrendered to the British, June.
1803 The Electorate of Hanover surrenders, by capitulation, to
General Mortier, commander of the French troops.
Lord Chief Justice Kilwarden assassinated in his carriage
in Dublin, July 23rd.
General Lake defeated Scindiah's army, commanded by
Perron, near Delhi, Sept. 11th.
The colonies of Demerara and Essequibo surrendered to
the British forces, under Grinfield and Hood, Sept. 19th.
The Mahratta war commenced, August 6th. Dowlut Rao
Scindiah and the Rajah of Berar advance to Poonah.
Wellington attacked the combined armies of Scindiah
and the Rajah of Berar, at Assaye, and gained a complete
victory over them, Sept. 23rd. Lake defeats Scindiah's
troops in a decisive engagement, at Laswaree, Nov. 1st.
John Adams, one of the promoters of the American Revo-
lution, and afterwards Ambassador from the United
States to Great Britain, died at New York, Oct. 2nd.
The Fortress of Agra (the key of Hindostan) captured by
the English from the Mahrattas, Oct. 17th.
Convention of Neutrality between France and Portugal.
Nov. 20th. General Baird, who commanded the storming
party at Seringapatam, arrives in town from the East
Indies. On his passage he was taken by a French
privateer, but recaptured by the Sirius frigate.
Dessalines, Christophe, and Clervaux declare the inde-
pendence of the island of St. Domingo, and renounce for
ever the dominion of the French, Nov. 29. The French
forces evacuate St. Domingo, by capitulation with Des-
salines, and the whole of their naval and military forces
surrender to the British squadron, under the command
of Sir J. T. Duckworth, Dec. 2nd.
Runjeet Singh recognized as the virtual head of the Sikh
nation. Siege and capture of Assinghur, Oct. 21st.
Battle of Argaum, November 29th. Siege and capture of
Gawilguhr. Treaty of Peace with the Rajah of Berar,
Dec. 17th. Treaty of Peace with Dowlut Rao Scindiah.
Delhi is taken by the Mahrattas, but retaken by Lake, and
became a dependency of the British East Indian empire.
Ghergong, capital of Assam, nearly engulphed by an
earthquake.
Twenty-seven thousand Volunteers reviewed in Hyde-
Park. The whole amount of the volunteer corps raised
in England was 460,000 men.
Francis Egerton, Duke of Bridgewater, dies.
He was
styled the Father of Canal Navigation in England.
1804 Administration of Right Hon. William Pitt, Lord Eldon, Duke of Portland, Earl of Westmoreland, Lord Hawkesbury, Lord Harrowby, Earl Camden, Viscount Melville, Duke of Montrose, Lord Mulgrave, Right Hon. Mr. Dundas and Right Hon. George Canning.
Francis II. abandons the title of Emperor of Germany,
and assumes the title of Emperor of Austria.
Adoption of the New Civil Code in France, January 18th.
Arrest of Moreau, February 17th. Pichegru arrested in
Paris, Feb. 27th. Georges also discovered and sent to
prison, March 9th.
The island of Goree recaptured by the British, March 9th.
Dessalines crowned Emperor of Hayti, the name given to
the island of St. Domingo. The independence of Hayti
is formally confirmed.
King George III. is taken ill, February.
Wellington surprizes a body of predatory Mahrattas, who
are routed and destroyed, near Munkaisen. He is called
to Calcutta to assist in military deliberations. A sword,
of £1000 value, is voted to Wellington by the British
inhabitants of Calcutta.
Murder of the Duke D'Enghien at the castle of Vincennes,
March 21st. He was the son of the Duke de Bourbon,
and was shot for having borne arms against the Re-
publicans.
General Pichegru found strangled in the prison in which
he was confined in Paris, April 8th.
Mr. Pitt's motion of censure on the Naval Administration,
April 10th. Pitt, premier, May 12th.
Droit d'Aubaine against England re-enacted. Napoleon
declared Emperor of the French, May 18th. Protest of
Louis XVIII. against Buonaparte as Emperor.
Execution of Georges and the conspirators, June 23rd.
Seizure of the Spanish treasure frigates by the British.
Spain declares war against England, Dec. 12th.
The Russian minister at Paris, d'Oubril, demands his
passports, August 28th.
Battle of Ferruckabad, India, Nov. 17th. The war in
India finally closed, after a series of brilliant victories
by Lord Lake over the forces of Holkar and the Rajah
of Bhurtpore.
Moreau expatriated; he was permitted to embark for the
United States of America, July 23rd.
Sir George Rumbold, the British minister to the Hanseatic
towns, was seized at Hamburgh and carried to Paris.
1804 Haydn, the German composer, died at Vienna, Dec. 2nd. A hurricane devastated Antigua, Martinique, and Dominica. Buonaparte and his wife, Josephine, were crowned Emperor and Empress of the French, at the church of Notre Dame, at Paris, by Pope Pius VII., Dec. 2nd.
The Chinese fleet arrived safe off the Isle of Wight, having
narrowly escaped being taken by a French squadron
soon after quitting Canton.
The planet Juno discovered by Harding, Sept. 1st.
The British and Foreign Bible Society founded.
1805 John Moore, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, dies, Jan. 18. Manners Sutton, Bishop of Norwich, succeeds him. Roman Catholic Question moved by Fox.
Pope Pius now asserts bold hierarchal principles, and endeavours to maintain pontifical dignity and power. Dispute amongst the Roman Catholic Missionaries in China. Napoleon addresses proposals for peace to George III., Jan. 2. The King states, by Lord Mulgrave, (Jan. 14) that it would be impossible for him to answer the letter addressed to him, without consulting the powers of the continent with whom he was engaged in confidential connexions and relations.
Treaty of Petersburgh between Russia and England, Mar.
30th. The object of this was, to compel the evacuation
of Hanover and the North of Germany; to establish the
independence of Holland and Switzerland; to re-establish
the King of Sardinia in Piedmont; to compel the French
to evacuate Italy and the isle of Elba; and for the future
security of the kingdom of Naples.
Lord Lake defeats Holkar, near Bhurtpore, April 2nd.
Whitbread brought forward his charges against Lord
Melville, late Treasurer of the Navy, April 6th.
The Rajah of Bhurtpore makes proposals of peace, which
were agreed to on his ceding the fortress of Deeg to the
British, April 10th.
Napoleon crowned King of Italy at Milan, May 26th.
Nelson arrived at the island of Barbadoes, June 4th.
Lord Sidmouth and the Earl of Buckinghamshire resigned,
and are succeeded by Lords Camden and Harrowby.
Nelson arrives at Gibraltar, July 19, from the West Indies.
Sir R. Calder engaged the combined French and Spanish
fleets off Cape Finisterre, July 22nd.
Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, brother to
George III., dies, August 25th, in his 52nd year.
Napoleon erects Bavaria and Wurtemburg into kingdoms.
1805 Dessalines, the black Emperor of Hayti, died, Sept. 3rd; and was succeeded by Christophe, who assumed the title of Henry I.
The French Conservative Senate decreed, Sept. 9th, that from Jan. 1st, 1806, the Gregorian Calendar should be used throughout the French empire.
Napoleon arrives at Strasburg, Sept. 26th. The French
army passes the Rhine, under Davoust, Soult, Ney,
Lannes, and Murat. Napoleon's plan was to advance
along the Northern bank of the Danube, and passing
that river below the position of the Austrians, to inter-
pose his army between them and the Russians, who
were advancing.
The Austrians defeated at Wertingen by Marshal Lannes.
Violation of the territory of Anspach on the advance to
Ulm, Oct. 8th. Battle of Elchingen gained by Marshal
Ney, Oct. 14th, 15th. Surrender of Ulm and the army
of Mack to Napoleon, Oct. 19th. Massena repulsed by
the Archduke Charles at Caldiero, October 28th-30th.
The French pass the Adige, and Werneck surrenders to
General Murat, with 15,000 men, October 20th.
Battle of Trafalgar, Oct. 21st. This was the most glorious
naval victory ever obtained by England, fought by the
British under Lord Nelson, against the combined fleets
of France and Spain, commanded by Villeneuve and
two Spanish admirals. The enemy's force was eighteen
French and fifteen Spanish vessels, all of the line; that
of the British, twenty-seven ships. After a severe action,
Villeneuve and the other admirals were taken, and nine-
teen of their ships captured, sunk, or destroyed. Nelson
lost his life in this memorable battle, and Collingwood
succeeded to the command. Nelson's ship was the
Victory, and his last signal on going into the engagement
was, "England expects every man to do his duty."
Battle of Moelk, Nov. 10th. The Austrians are defeated.
Napoleon passes through Vienna to Shoenbrun, Nov. 14th.
The great Aqueduct of Pont Cysylte, upon the Ellesmere
canal, was opened with great solemnity, Nov. 26th.
Battle of Austerlitz, Dec. 2. The French army of 70,000
men, and the combined Austrian and Russian armies,
72,000 strong, fought a desperate battle at Austerlitz.
The Emperors of Russia and Germany saw from the
heights of Austerlitz the total ruin of their armies. It
is said that 20,000 were killed upon the spot, and 20,000
prisoners, forty pieces of artillery, and all the Russian
standards remained with the conqueror.
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