Science and Society in the United States

agencies Albany Academy Alexander Dallas Bache American science American scientists Amos Eaton Andrew Carnegie applied science Astronomical atomic basic became Benjamin Benjamin Peirce Boston Bureau Carnegie Charles chemical industry chemistry chemists Chicago Civil civilian colleges colonial Committee Congress Cotton Mather cultural decades Department of Agriculture discovery disease early electrical energy established example experiments farm field funds Geological German Harvard Harvard Observatory higher education Hunter Dupree important improve industrial research innovations invention James John Joseph Henry Journal laboratory mathematical mechanical medicine ment military modern National Academy natural Naval nineteenth century Observatory organization phrenology physical physicians physicist political popular President Princeton problems production professional Professor Research and Development Revolution Robert Gilpin role science and technology scientific research Simon Newcomb Smithsonian Institution social Society Survey teaching tech theory tion twentieth century United University Vannevar Bush Washington weapons William World World War II York