Bad Language: Are Some Words Better Than Others?Oxford University Press, 2005. 8. 25. - 240페이지 Is today's language at an all-time low? Are pronunciations like cawfee and chawklit bad English? Is slang like my bad or hook up improper? Is it incorrect to mix English and Spanish, as in Yo quiero Taco Bell? Can you write Who do you trust? rather than Whom do you trust? Linguist Edwin Battistella takes a hard look at traditional notions of bad language, arguing that they are often based in sterile conventionality. Examining grammar and style, cursing, slang, and political correctness, regional and ethnic dialects, and foreign accents and language mixing, Battistella discusses the strong feelings evoked by language variation, from objections to the pronunciation NU-cu-lar to complaints about bilingual education. He explains the natural desire for uniformity in writing and speaking and traces the association of mainstream norms to ideas about refinement, intelligence, education, character, national unity and political values. Battistella argues that none of these qualities is inherently connected to language. It is tempting but wrong, Battistella argues, to think of slang, dialects and nonstandard grammar as simply breaking the rules of good English. Instead, we should view language as made up of alternative forms of orderliness adopted by speakers depending on their purpose. Thus we can study the structure and context of nonstandard language in order to illuminate and enrich traditional forms of language, and make policy decisions based on an informed engagement. Re-examining longstanding and heated debates, Bad Language will appeal to a wide spectrum of readers engaged and interested in the debate over what constitutes proper language. |
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목차
3 | |
Bad Writing | 23 |
Bad Grammar | 41 |
Bad Words | 67 |
Bad Citizens | 101 |
Bad Accents | 125 |
Images and Engagement | 149 |
Notes | 167 |
References | 203 |
Index | 223 |
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자주 나오는 단어 및 구문
accent accent reduction African-American English African-American vernacular Ain’t American English American language argued assimilation attitudes bad English bad language Barzun bilingual education Black English canon Carl Rowan characterized cited coarse language communication Court critics cultural cursing David Foster Wallace deaf descriptive linguistics developed dialects Dictionary discussion Ebonics economic English Language English-only essay ethnic example focus focused foreign languages Geoffrey Nunberg George Perkins Marsh glish groups guage idea immigrants issue Jacques Barzun John Krapp linguistic literary mainstream means metaphor Native American nonnative nonstandard language norms notes object offensive language one’s political correctness prescriptive prescriptive grammar prescriptivism prescriptivists programs pronoun pronunciation reflect regional relativism rhetorical rules sentence Simon slang social society speak speakers Standard English standard language style suggests swearing talk teachers teaching television tion traditional grammar University Press variation vocabulary Webster’s William words writing York
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29 페이지 - Thus political language has to consist largely of euphemism, question-begging and sheer cloudy vagueness. Defenceless villages are bombarded from the air, the inhabitants driven out into the countryside, the cattle machinegunned, the huts set on fire with incendiary bullets: this is called pacification.
141 페이지 - We affirm the students' right to their own language patterns and variety of language — the dialects of their nurture or whatever dialects in which they find their own identity and style.
35 페이지 - The bewildering romance, light tarnished with darkness, the semi-fabulous legend,, truth celestial mixed with human falsehoods, these fade even of themselves, as life advances. The romance has perished that the young man adored; the legend has gone that deluded the boy; but the deep, deep tragedies of infancy, as when the child's hands were unlinked forever from his mother's neck, or his lips forever from his sister's kisses, these remain lurking below all, and these lurk to the last.
69 페이지 - I think the test of obscenity is this, whether the tendency of the matter charged as obscenity is to deprave and corrupt those whose minds are open to such immoral influences, and into whose hands a publication of this sort may fall.
74 페이지 - Whoever places on public or private property a symbol, object, appellation, characterization or graffiti, including, but not limited to, a burning cross or Nazi swastika, which one knows or has reasonable grounds to know arouses anger, alarm or resentment in others on the basis of race, color, creed, religion or gender commits disorderly conduct and shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
30 페이지 - Defenseless villages are bombarded from the air, the inhabitants driven out into the countryside, the cattle machine-gunned, the huts set on fire with incendiary bullets: this is called pacification. Millions of peasants are robbed of their farms and sent trudging along the roads with no more than they can carry: this is called transfer of population or rectification of frontiers. People are imprisoned for years without trial, or shot in the back of the neck or sent to die of scurvy in Arctic lumber...
104 페이지 - Providence has been pleased to give this one connected country to one united people, a people descended from the same ancestors, speaking the same language, professing the same religion, attached to the same principles of government, very similar in their manners and customs...
112 페이지 - The protection of the Constitution extends to all, to those who speak other languages as well as to those born with English on the tongue. Perhaps it would be highly advantageous if all had ready understanding of our ordinary speech, but this cannot be coerced by methods which conflict with the Constitution— a desirable end cannot be promoted by prohibited means.
35 페이지 - There was a shout, and I said, " There is no standing this." Neate seemed like a lifeless lump of flesh and bone, round which the Gasman's blows played with the rapidity of electricity or lightning, and you imagined he would only be lifted up to be knocked down again. It was as if Hickman...