was soon going to meet them to carry the refugees to the Island of Ascension. (Docs. Nos. 36, 37, and 38.)

On April 16 the Government of Uruguay asked for the disembarkation of a refugee severely attacked with beri-beri on board of the corvette Alfonso de Albuquerque, promising to be responsible for his restoration to the Portuguese Government dead or alive, a petition supported even by the minister of Brazil in Uruguay. The Portuguese Government answered this with a formal declination, because it had promised the Brazilian Government to allow the disembarkation of the rebels only in the territory of Portugal. The Portuguese Government informed its representative at Rio de Janeiro of this resolution, but in view of the certification of the physicians, transmitted by the chargé d'affaires of Portugal at Buenos Ayres, that the individual in question would die on the way if he went to sea, the Portuguese Government granted that he might remain a prisoner on board the corvette Mindello, under the responsibility of the commander thereof. (Docs. Nos. 39, 40, 41, 42, and 43.)

Various complications with the Argentine Government followed, in consequence of the diligence which was employed in the capture of fugitives at Buenos Ayres, so that the Portuguese Government decided to leave the refugees about whom there had been contention with the Argentine Government on board the corvette Mindello at Buenos Ayres, taking the remainder to sea on the Pedro III, convoyed by the corvette Alfonso de Albuquerque. (Docs. Nos. 44 and 45.)

Nevertheless, in spite of all the precautions and good will of the Portuguese Government yet new complications arose. On April 28 the Government at Lisbon received word that 133 refugees had escaped from on board the steamer Pedro III, who had been placed upon it to be taken to Portugal, and amongst them was Admiral Saldanha da Gama. The Government immediately charged its representative at Rio de Janeiro to testify to the Brazilian Government the great regret with which it received this entirely unexpected news, and to declare that the commanders of the two corvettes had been deposed from their commands immediately, and would be court-martialed, so that those who were responsible for failure to carry out the promises so many times given and so often insisted upon should be punished. (Doc. No. 46.)

After so many mishaps and complications, the steamer Pedro III finally left Buenos Ayres for Portugal with 170 refugees, being convoyed by the corvette Alfonso de Albuquerque. After this, on May 14, the chargé d'affaires of Portugal at Rio de Janeiro received a note from the Brazilian Government, complaining that the Portuguese Government had taken the responsibility of asylum granted to the refugees, and had let them escape, and at the same time sending to the personnel of the legation of Portugal its passports. (Docs. Nos. 47 and 48.)

This note caused the greatest surprise to the Portuguese Government, because no communication had been made to it by the Brazilian Government after the most complete explanations had been given by it about the escape of the refugees, the endeavors made to keep the promises it had given, and the steps taken to punish those who were responsible. (Doc. No. 49.)

This is the explanation which I outlined to you, and submit to your appreciation. In view of the short time that I have had to make this résumé, I have been obliged to pass over entirely some circumstances which it would have been fitting to mention.

Nevertheless the main facts are here sketched, and from the careful reading and consideration of these I have not the least doubt that you

will be convinced of the extreme fidelity and complete rectitude with which the Portuguese Government has acted throughout this lamentable occurrence.

THOMASO DE SOUZA ROZA.

[Document No. 1.-From the legation of Portugal.]

RIO DE JANEIRO, March 11, 1894.

PARATY.

Asylum granted without my authorization. I request orders.

[Document No. 2.-To the legation of Portugal at Rio de Janeiro.]

MARCH 12, 1894.

Portuguese Government does not wish its agents there to do any act which can be disagreeable to the constituted Government; therefore we must know how the Brazilian Government will accept the intervention of Commandant Castilho to treat of capitulation. You will please, therefore, ascertain, informing me immediately, so that proper instructions may be given you. In order that asylum for Gama and officers may be effectuated, it is indispensable for Castilho to reach an understanding with commanders of foreign vessels.

Navy:

[Document No. 3.-From Rio de Janeiro to Lisbon.]

HINTZE RIBEIRO.

MARCH 12, 1894.

Saldanha begs with utmost urgency that I be charged with effecting negotiations for capitulation with most favorable conditions; withdrawal of the officials to go to foreign parts under protection of Portugal, guaranty of life of inferior officers, soldiers, and volunteers; delivery of fortress, ships of war, and material of every kind, and restitution of prisoners. Counting from yesterday Government fixed the term of forty-eight hours for beginning to fight with all its force. In view of great urgency in consequence of the distance from the chargé d'affaires, I decided with the greatest possible haste to visit the President of the Republic at 11 o'clock last night. President of Republic declared immediately that the importance of the subject required consultation with minister of war and minister of marine, and promised to send reply to-day if it were possible. Chargé d'affaires arrived safely; disapproved my proceeding. I ask to be relieved of command.

[Document No. 4.-From Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro.]

CASTILHO.

MARCH 12, 1894.

Command of corvette Mindello: You should proceed there in harmony with the chargé d'affaires of Portugal, who receives instruction from the Government. Chargé d'affaires has already telegraphed to the Government about the asylum and mediation sought by Gama. Chargé d'affaires will proceed according to instructions of Government, which he will communicate to you for due performance. In the present state of affairs there it is essential for each one to do his duty, laying aside all personal feeling. I can not at this moment grant release to one who, like you, occupies a post of importance and confidence.

NEVES FERREIRA.

[Document No. 5.-From the legation of Portugal at Rio de Janeiro.]

MARCH 12, 1894.

Minister of foreign affairs says Federal Government can not accept condition proposed in behalf of military rebels.

[Document No. 6.-To the legation of Portugal at Rio de Janeiro.]

PARATY.

MARCH 13, 1894.

In view of answer of Brazilian Government, we must not mediate directly in the capitulation, merely being able to cooperate with representatives of other powers in any nonofficial action. As to asylum, the petition should be communicated to the

represented powers so that the asylum to be effectuated may be by agreement of all, Castilho for this purpose coming to an understanding with the commanders of other foreign ships, as I said yesterday.

HINTZE RIBEIRO.

[Document No. 7.-To the legation of Portugal at Rio de Janeiro.]

MARCH 15, 1894.

As to the refugees, we should act exactly like the other nations which have there important interests and ships of war in which the vanquished revolutionists may have been gathered.

HINTZE RIBEIRO.

[Document No. 8.-From the legation at Rio de Janeiro.]

MARCH 16, 1894.

Only Portuguese vessels will give asylum. Brazilian Government disputes over right. I ask if they can and should be carried away. Excitement against Portuguese.

PARATY.

[Document No. 9.-To the legation of Portugal at Rio Janeiro.]

MARCH 16, 1894.

Your telegram surprised me after instructions given by Portuguese Government about asylum sought by insurgents. Consult immediately representatives of nations which have there ships of war and which therefore ought to have instructions about the case of asylum. If these understand international laws of asylum to be applicable in the present case, and if they will therefore lend support to asylum in our ships of war, maintain asylum, combining Castilho with commanders of foreign ships of war. HINTZE RIBEIRO.

[Document No. 10.-From the legation of Portugal at Rio Janeiro.]

MARCH 17, 1894. Formerly all were ready to give asylum; considered the right sacred. Now representatives of foreign nations reserve opinion in the case, but at my instance seek instructions of their governments.

[Document No. 11.-From the legation of Portugal at Rio Janeiro.]

PARATY.

MARCH 17, 1894.

Arranged in a friendly manner with Brazilian Government that corvettes should depart to-morrow at 4:30, if before that no other order came from your excellency. PARATY.

[Document No. 12.-From the legation of Portugal at Rio Janeiro.]

MARCH 21, 1894.

Corvettes departed with Brazilian Government disputing right to sail; but pending claim against right of asylum, I promised to keep the fugitives on board until claim was settled. France, England, Russia, Austria, Montevideo, minister of foreign affairs; he personally recognized right of asylum; United States equally, if it has not changed. I seek instructions for moral support. Brazil exercised this right many times. I have written by steamer Nilo urgent instructions; Buenos Ayres, commander Mindello. I ask if I shall propose arbitration. All fugitives were received; said to be followed by Brazilian steamer.

[Document No. 13.-To the legation of Portugal at Rio Janeiro.]

PARATY.

MARCH 22, 1894.

I received telegram of yesterday; difficult to decipher. I answered to-day to chargé d'affaires of Brazil here. Portuguese Governinent can not deliver refugees, nor therefore make corvettes return with them to Rio Janeiro, since duties of humanity, principles of international law, naval regulations common to all nations do not permit delivery of all individuals received on Portuguese ships of war, under shadow of Portuguese flag, being there as on Portuguese territory, so much the more as our treaty of extradition with Brazil expressly says that individuals shall not be delivered for political crimes. Portuguese Government gives to Brazilian Government

assurances that fugitives shall only disembark on Portuguese land, being there guarded in military depots and subject to vigilance of competent authorities, so as to prevent their taking part in the internal political struggle of Brazil. Portuguese Government trusts Brazilian Government desist from its claim in virtue of their assurance and declaration.

HINTZE RIBEIRO.

[Document No. 14.-From the legation of Portugal at Buenos Ayres.]

MARCH 24, 1894.

Corvette Alfonso de Albuquerque arrived to-day at quarantine Island Flores Montevideo; transport of war asked of your excellency.

[Document No. 15.-From Lisbon to Buenos Ayres.]

Chargé d'affaires of Portugal:

FARIA.

MARCH 25, 1894.

Please send following telegram to commander of Mindello as quickly as possible; as the arrival of the transport would take a long time, it is well to try to put in at Loanda, or at least at St. Helena, where Bartholomen Dias will probably arrive the same day. In no case whatever disembark fugitives without having received orders. NEVES FERREIRA.

[Document No. 16.-To the legation of Portugal at Buenos Ayres.]

MARCH 25, 1894.

In accordance with my former telegram, it is absolutely necessary not to disembark fugitives. Corvettes Alfonso de Albuquerque and Mindello should not stay there, and should depart as quickly as possible for a Portuguese port, where then a war transport will go, in conformity with the direction of the minister of marine to the commander in the telegram sent you to-day.

Ministry of Marine:

[Document No. 17.-From Buenos Ayres to Lisbon.]

HINTZE REBEIRO.

MARCH 26, 1894. The corvette Mindello is expected to-morrow; I will carry aboard your telegram. FARIA. [Document No. 18.-From Buenos Ayres to Lisbon.]

Secretary of Admiralty:

MARCH 26, 1894.

The corvette arrived to-day safely. Ten days of quarantine. I await orders from our Government to disembark 251 passengers.

TEVES.

[Document No. 19.-From Lisbon to Buenos Ayres.]

MARCH 26, 1894.

Commandant of Portuguese corvette Alfonso de Albuquerque:
Do not disembark fugitives in any case whatever without order of the Government.
SECRETARY.

[Document No. 20.-From the legation of Portugal in Buenos Ayres.]

MARCH 27, 1894.

Corvette Alfonso de Albuquerque ten days' quarantine. I carried your excellency's orders on board; commander declared me impossible to go on to a Portuguese port, for lack of capacity and provisions. Says it is indispensable transport of war come here. Mindello is expected to-morrow. Fugitives have not disembarked.

[Document No. 21.-From the legation of Portugal in Buenos Ayres.]

FARIA.

MARCH 28, 1894.

Mindello arrived to-day. I delivered your excellency's orders to the commandant, who says also it is absolutely impossible to continue the voyage to a Portuguese port. Corvette needs repairs. I belive it is urgent that a transport of war come. The oouncil of hygiene wants the passengers to make their quarantine at the hospital. I insisted that commandant should not consent to disembark.

FARIA.

[Document No. 22.--From the legation of Portugal at Vienna.]

MARCH 29, 1894.

In reply to your excellency's telegram I have the satisfaction of informing you that the Austrian Government has given a telegraphic order to the chargé d'affaires at Rio Janeiro to take the proper steps to get the Brazilian Government to consent to desist from its claim for the political refugees on board of Portuguese ships of war. VALMOR.

[Document No. 23.-To the legation of Portugal at Buenos Ayres.]

MARCH 31, 1894.

Received your telegram now. I confirm absolutely the order given not to disembark the Brazilian refugees there. Minister of marine telegraphed to this effect to Commander Castilho and now repeats his order, ending in telegram directed to you to immediately communicate with Castilho, making him responsible for not complying. It is necessary to carry the refugees to Portuguese territory as quickly as possible. For this the minister of marine has already telegraphed to Castilho, asking if it is possible to charter a ship there which can assist in conveying the refugees under the Portuguese flag. I recommend this also to you, an answer being urgent, so that if there be a steamer there the minister of marine may give necessary instructions for the conveyance, and if there be not, a transport may go from here promptly. HINTZE RIBEIRO.

Navy:

[Document No. 24.-From Buenos Ayres to Lisbon.j

APRIL 3, 1894.

It would be better to buy Italian steamer on prompt payment and depart for its destination, San Vincent, without the least delay with the Italian crew and my officers.

It is known officially that a lieutenant asylumed on the Alfonso de Albuquerque has died. Two soldiers from the Mindello were sent to the floating hospital with the fever.

The situation is very grave when it rains.

[Document No. 25.-From the legation of Portugal in Buenos Ayres.]

CASTILHO.

APRIL 4, 1894.

Epidemic yellow fever corvette Mindello: Argentine Government in diplomatic note of to-day asks me to solicit with the greatest urgency instructions from the Government either to disembark the passengers for the lazaretto or to remove the corvettes from Argentine waters without the least delay. General indignation against the retention of the refugees on board is raised in the press. Under such conditions I beg of you orders to answer the note. The situation on board can not be more desperate. It has become impossible to wait for a war transport here. FARIA.

[Document No. 26.-From the legation of Portugal in Buenos Ayres.]

APRIL 2, 1894.

I have secured the Italian packet Norte America, 18 miles speed; carries refugees directly to a Portuguese port for 200,000 francs, but formalities of changing the flag take at least twenty days. Company can sell this steamer for £200,000 sterling. Then depart immediately with officers, marine, and flamula. Quarantine Mindello ends April 6; Alfonso Albuquerque April 3. Commandant of Mindello wants to draw up to wharf for a concert. Say if I shall forbid it. I believe in this case it will be impossible to keep the refugees on board. If the Government does not wish to buy a ship, immediate orders should be given by all means for the corvettes to go from this port to the Canaries, to wait there for the Portuguese war transport. All sorts of suggestions are made for the disembarkation of the refugees here, the permanence of this situation being perilous.

Document No. 27.-To the legation of Portugal in Buenos Ayres.]

FARIA.

APRIL 2, 1894.

Considering the time necessary for changing the flag, the Government is going to order a transport to go from here which will reach there in a few days more than the twenty necessary for changing the flag. In no event allow drawing up to wharf. If it be necessary, time permitting, the ships can go out along the coast for a few days to avoid difficulties there.

HINTZE RIBEIRO.