[1st Peace of Paris.] the one part, and His Majesty the King of France and Navarre on the other, their Heirs and Successors, their Dominions and Subjects, respectively. The High Contracting Parties shall devote their best attention to maintain, not only between themselves, but, inasmuch as depends upon them, between all the States of Europe, that harmony and good understanding which are so necessary for their tranquillity. Limits of France, as in 1792.* ART. II. The Kingdom of France retains its limits entire, as they existed on the 1st of January, 1792. It shall further receive the increase of Territory comprised within the line established by the following Article: Increase of French Territory on side of Belgium, Germany, and Italy.* ART. III. On the side of Belgium, Germany,† and Italy, the Ancient Frontiers shall be re-established as they existed the 1st of January, 1792, extending from the North Sea, between Dunkirk and Nieuport, to the Mediterranean between Cagnes and Nice, with the following modifications: 1. In the Department of Jemappes, the Cantons of Dour, Merbes-le-Chateau, Beaumont, and Chimay, shall belong to France; where the line of demarcation comes in contact with the Canton of Dour, it shall pass between that Canton and those of Boussu and Paturage, and likewise further on it shall pass between the Canton of Merbes-le-Chateau and those of Binch and Thuin. 2. In the Department of Sambre and Meuse, the Cantons of Walcourt, Florennes, Beauraing, and Gedinne, shall belong to France; where the demarcation reaches that Department it shall follow the line which separates the said Cantons from the Department of Jemappes, and from the remaining Cantons of the Department of Sambre and Meuse. 3. In the Department of the Moselle, the new demarcation, at the point where it diverges from the old line of Frontier, shall * See Map facing p. 28. This Boundary was altered by the Definitive Treaty between the 5 Allied Powers and France of 20th November, 1815.+ This Boundary was altered by the Preliminary Treaty of Peace between France and Germany of 26th February, 1871. See Separate and Secret Articles, p. 18. This Boundary was altered by the Treaty between France and Surdinia of 24th March, 1860. [1st Peace of Paris.] be formed by a line to be drawn from Perle to Fremersdorff, and by the limit which separates the Canton of Tholey from the remaining Cantons of the said Department of the Moselle. 4. In the Department of La Sarre, the Cantons of Saarbruck and Arneval shall continue to belong to France, as likewise the portion of the Canton of Lebach which is situated to the south of a line drawn along the confines of the Villages of Herchenbach, Ueberhofen, Hilsbach, and Hall (leaving these different places out of the French Frontier), to the point where, in the neighbourhood of Querselle (which place belongs to France), the line which separates the Cantons of Arneval and Ottweiler reaches that which separates the Cantons of Arneval and Lebach. Frontier on this side shall be formed by the line above described, and afterwards by that which separates the Canton of Arneval from that of Bliescastel. Fortress of Landau to be retained by France.* The 5. The Fortress of Landau having, before the year 1792, formed an insulated point in Germany, France retains beyond her Frontiers a portion of the Departments of Mount Tonnerre and of the Lower Rhine, for the purpose of uniting the said Fortress and its radius to the rest of the Kingdom. The new demarcation from the point in the neighbourhood of Obersteinbach (which place is left out of the limits of France) where the Boundary between the Department of the Moselle and that of Mount Tonnerre reaches the Department of the Lower Rhine, shall follow the line which separates the Cantons of Wissenbourg and BergIzabern (on the side of France) from the Cantons of Permasens, Dahn, and Answeiler (on the side of Germany), as far as the point near the Village of Vollmersheim, where that line touches the ancient radius of the Fortress of Landau. From this radius, which remains as it was in 1792, the new Frontier shall follow the arm of the River de la Queich, which on leaving the said radius of Queichheim (that place remaining to France) flows near the * This Fortress was restored to Germany by Art. I of the Definitive Treaty of 20th November, 1815. By Art. II of the Treaty between Austria and Bavaria of 16th April, 1816, Landau was given to Bavaria. By Art. II of the Treaty between the 4 Allied Powers of 20th July, 1819, Bavaria was confirmed in the possession of Landau; and by Art. III of the same Treaty, the Fortress of Landau was declared to be one of the Fortresses of the Germanie Confederation. On the 6th July, 1869, a Protocol was signed between North Germany, Bavaria, &c., respecting the Joint Property of the Movable Materiel of War in the Federal Fortresses of Landau, &c. [1st Peace of Paris.] Villages of Merlenheim, Knittelsheim, and Belheim (these places also belonging to France) to the Rhine, which from thence shall continue to form the boundary of France and Germany. Frontier of the Rhine. The main stream (Thalweg) of the Rhine shall constitute the Frontier; provided, however, that the changes which may hereafter take place in the course of that river shall not affect the property of the Islands. The right of possession in these Islands shall be re-established as it existed at the signature of the Treaty of Luneville.* 6. In the Department of the Doubs, the Frontier shall be so regulated as to commence above the Rançonnière near Locle, and follow the Crest of the Jura between the Cerneux-Pequignot and the Village of Fontenelles, as far as the peak of that mountain, situated about 7,000 or 8,000 feet to the north-west of the Village of La Brevine, where it shall again fall in with the ancient Boundary of France. Geneva.t 7. In the Department of the Leman, the Frontiers between the French Territory, the Pays de Vaud, and the different portions of the Territory of the Republic of Geneva (which is to form part of Switzerland) remain as they were before the incorporation of Geneva with France. But the Cantons of Frangy and of St. Julien (with the exception of the districts situated to the north of a line drawn from the point where the River of La Laire enters the Territory of Geneva near Chancy, following the confines of Sesequin, Laconex, and Seseneuve, which shall remain out of the limits of France), the Canton of Reignier (with the exception of the portion to the east of a line which follows the confines of the Muraz, Bussy, Pers, and Cornier, which shall be out of the French limits), and the Canton of La Roche (with the exception of the places called La Roche and Armanoy, with their districts) shall remain to France. The Frontier shall follow the limits of these different Cantons, and the line which separates the Districts continuing to belong to France, from those which she does not retain. 8. In the Department of Mont-Blanc, France acquires the Sub-Prefecture of Chambery (with the exception of the Cantons *(9th February, 1801.) See Appendix. + See Separate and Secret Articles, p. 18. See also Art. LXXXV of the Vienna Congress Treaty of 9th June, 1815. [1st Peace of Paris.] of L'Hôpital, St. Pierre d'Albigny, La Rocette, and Montmelian), and the Sub-Prefecture of Annecy (with the exception of the portion of the Canton of Faverges, situated to the east of a line passing between Ourechaise and Marlens on the side of France, and Marthod and Ugine on the opposite side, and which afterwards follows the crest of the mountains as far as the Frontier of the Canton of Thones); this line, together with the limit of the Cantons before mentioned, shall on this side form the new Frontier. On the side of the Pyrenees, the Frontiers between the two Kingdoms of France and Spain remain such as they were on the 1st of January, 1792, and a Joint Commission shall be named on the part of the two Crowns for the purpose of finally determining the line. Monaco.* France on her part renounces all rights of Sovereignty, Suzeraineté, and of possession, over all the Countries, Districts, Towns, and places situated beyond the Frontier above described, the Principality of Monaco being replaced on the same footing on which it stood before the 1st of January, 1792. Avignon. Comitat Venaissin. Comté de Montbéliard. The Allied Powers assure to France the possession of the Principality of Avignon, of the Comitat Venaissin, of the Comté of Montbéliard, together with the several insulated Territories which formerly belonged to Germany, comprehended within the Frontier above described, whether they have been incorporated with France before or after the 1st of January, 1792.† Fortifications. Private Property on the Frontiers. The Powers reserve to themselves, reciprocally, the complete right to fortify any point in their respective States which they may judge necessary for their security.‡ To prevent all injury to Private Property, and protect, according to the most liberal principles, the property of Individuals domiciliated on the Frontiers, there shall be named, by * It was declared by the Definitive Treaty of 20th November, 1815, that the Relations thus established between France and Monaco should cease, and that the same Relations should exist between that Principality and Sardinia. By the Treaty between France and Monaco of 2nd February, 1861, Mentone and Roquebrune were ceded to France. + See Protest of the Pope, 12th June, 1815. ‡ See Vienna Congress Treaty of 9th June, 1815, Art. XC. [1st Peace of Paris.] each of the States bordering on France, Commissioners who shall proceed, conjointly with French Commissioners, to the delineation of the respective Boundaries. Boundary Commissions. Maps. As soon as the Commissioners shall have performed their task, Maps shall be drawn, signed by the respective Commissioners, and posts shall be placed to point out the reciprocal Boundaries. Communications with Geneva. Versoy Road. ART. IV. To secure the communications of the Town of Geneva with other parts of the Swiss Territory situate on the Lake, France consents that the Road by Versoy shall be common to the two Countries. The respective Governments shall amicably arrange the means for preventing smuggling, regulating the Dosts, and maintaining the said Road.* Navigation of the Rhine; and of other Rivers. ART. V. The Navigation of the Rhine, from the point where it becomes navigable unto the sea, and vice versa, shall be free, so that it can be interdicted to no one :-and at the future Congress attention shall be paid to the establishment of the principles according to which the duties to be raised by the States bordering on the Rhine may be regulated, in the mode the most impartial and the most favourable to the commerce of all Nations.† The future Congress, with a view to facilitate the communication between Nations, and continually to render them less strangers to each other, shall likewise examine and determine in what manner the above provisions can be extended to other Rivers which, in their navigable course, separate or traverse different States.† Territory and Sovereignty of Holland.‡ ART. VI. Holland, placed under the Sovereignty of the House of Orange, shall receive an increase of Territory.§ The title and exercise of that Sovereignty shall not in any case belong to a Prince wearing, or destined to wear, a Foreign Crown. * See Vienna Congress Treaty of 9th June, 1815, Art. LXXIX. + See Regulations of the Congress of Vienna of 11th March, 1815. § See Secret Article III, p. 19. |