[2nd Peace of Paris.] solidate, by maintaining inviolate the Royal authority, and by restoring the operation of the Constitutional Charter, the order of things which had been happily re-established in France, as also in the object of restoring between France and her neighbours those relations of reciprocal confidence and goodwill which the fatal effects of the Revolution and of the system of Conquest had for so long a time disturbed: persuaded, at the same time, that this last object can only be obtained by an arrangement framed to secure to the Allies proper indemnities for the past and solid guarantees for the future, they have, in concert with His Majesty the King of France, taken into consideration the means of giving effect to this arrangement; and being satisfied that the Indemnity due to the Allied Powers cannot be either entirely Territorial or entirely Pecuniary, without prejudice to France in the one or other of her essential interests, and that it would be more fit to combine both the modes, in order to avoid the inconvenience which would result, were either resorted to separately, their Imperial and Royal Majesties have adopted this basis for their present transactions; and agreeing alike as to the necessity of retaining for a fixed time in the Frontier Provinces of France, a certain number of allied troops, they have determined to combine their different arrangements, founded upon these bases, in a Definitive Treaty. For this purpose, and to this effect, His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, for himself and his Allies on the one part, and His Majesty the King of France and Navarre on the other part, have named their Plenipotentiaries to discuss, settle and sign the said Definitive Treaty ; namely, His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Honourable Robert Stewart Viscount Castlereagh, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, His said Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, &c.; and the Most Illustrious and Most Noble Lord Arthur, Duke, Marquess, and Earl of Wellington, Marquess of Douro, Viscount Wellington, of Talavera and of Wellington, and Baron Douro of Wellesley, a Member of His said Majesty's Most Honorable Privy Council, a Field Marshal of his Armies, Colonel of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, &c. ; And His Majesty the King of France and of Navarre, the Sieur Armand Emanuel du Plessis Richelieu, Duke of Richelieu, Peer of France, First Gentleman of the Chamber of His Most [2nd Peace of Paris.] Christian Majesty, his Minister and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and President of the Council of his Ministers, &c., Who having exchanged their Full Powers, found to be in good and due form, have signed the following Articles: Frontiers of France: as in 1790.* ART. I. The Frontiers of France shall be the same as they were in the year 1790, save and accept the modifications on one side and on the other, which are detailed in the present Article. Fortress of Philippeville and Marienbourg, §c. 1st, on the Northern Frontiers the line of demarcation shall remain as it was fixed by the Treaty of Paris (No. 1), as far as opposite to Quievrain, from thence it shall follow the ancient limits of the Belgian Provinces, of the late Bishopric of Liege, and of the Duchy of Bouillon, as they existed in the year 1790, leaving the Territories included within that line (enclaves), of Philippeville and Marienburg, with the Fortresses so called, together with the whole of the Duchy of Bouillon without the Frontiers of France. From Villers, near Orval, upon the confines of the Department Des Ardennes, and of the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, as far as Perle, upon the great road leading from Thionville to Treves, the line shall remain as it was laid down by the Treaty of Paris (No. 1). From Perle it shall pass by Lauensdorff, Walwich, Schardorff Niederveiling, Pellweiler (all these places with their Banlieues or dependencies remaining to France) to Houvre; and shall follow from thence the old limits of the District (Pays) of Sarrebruck, leaving Sarrelouis and the course of the Sarre, together with the places situated to the right of the line above-described, and their Banlieues or dependencies without the limits of France. From the limits of the district of Sarrebruck the line of demarcation shall be the same which at present separates from Germany, the departments of the Moselle and of the Lower Rhine, as far as to the Lauter, which River shall from thence serve as the Frontier until it falls into the Rhine. Fortress of Landau, &c.† All the territory on the left bank of the Lauter, including the Fortress of Landau, shall form part of Germany. The Town of *See Map facing page 350. See Treaties between Prussia and Netherlands, of 8th November, 1816; Great Britain and Netherlands, of 16th November, 1816; Austria and Netherlands, of 12th March, 1817; and Russia and Netherlands, of 17th April, 1817. [2nd Peace of Paris.] Weissenburg, however, through which the River runs, shall remain entirely to France, with a rayon on the left bank, not exceeding 1,000 toises, and which shall be more particularly determined by the Commissioners who shall be charged with the approaching designation of the Boundaries. 2ndly, leaving the mouth of the Lauter, and continuing along the departments of the Lower Rhine, the Upper Rhine, the Doubs, and the Jura to the Canton de Vaud, the Frontiers shall remain as fixed by the Treaty of Paris (No. 1). The Thalweg of the Rhine shall form the Boundary between France and the States of Germany, but the property of the Islands shall remain in perpetuity, as it shall be fixed by a new survey of the course of that river, and continue unchanged whatever variation that course may undergo in the lapse of time. Commissioners shall be named on both sides, by the High Contracting Parties, within the space of three months, to proceed upon the said survey. One half of the bridge between Strasburg and Kehl shall belong to France, and the other half to the Grand Duchy of Baden. 3rdly, in order to establish a direct communication between the Canton of Geneva and Switzerland, that part of the Pays de Gex, bounded on the east by the Lake Leman; on the south, by the territory of the Canton of Geneva; on the north, by that of the Canton de Vaud; on the west, by the course of the Versoix, and by a line which comprehends the Communes of CollexBossy, and Meyrin, leaving the Commune of Ferney to France, shall be ceded to the Helvetic Confederacy, in order to be united to the Canton of Geneva. The line of the French Custom-houses shall be placed to the west of the Jura, so that the whole of the Pays de Gex shall be without that line. 4thly, from the frontiers of the Canton of Geneva, as far as the Mediterranean, the line of demarcation shall be that which in the year 1790 separated France from Savoy and from the County of Nice. Monaco, &c. The Relations which the Treaty of Paris of 1814 (No. 1) had re-established between France and the Principality of Monaco sball cease for ever, and the same Relations shall exist between that Principality and His Majesty the King of Sardinia.† * See Conventions between France and Baden of 30th January, 1827, 5th April, 1840. † See Treaty between Sardinia and Monaco, of 7th November, 1817. and [2nd Peace of Paris.] 5thly, all the Territories and Districts included within the Boundary of the French territory (enclarés), as determined by the present Article, shall remain united to France. 6thly, the High Contracting Parties shall name within 3 months after the signature of the present Treaty, Commissioners to regulate everything relating to the designation of the Boundaries of the respective Countries, and as soon as the labours of the Commissioners shall have terminated, Maps shall be drawn and landmarks shall be erected, which shall point out the respective limits. Fortresses, &c., to be placed at disposal of Allied Powers. ART. II. The Fortresses, Places, and Districts, which, according to the preceding Article are no longer to form part of the French territory, shall be placed at the disposal of the Allied Powers, at the periods fixed by Article IX of the Military Convention (No. 42) annexed to the present Treaty; and His Majesty the King of France renounces for himself, His heirs, and successors for ever, the rights of Sovereignty and property which he has hitherto exercised over the said Fortresses, Places, and Districts. Fortifications of Huninguen to be destroyed. ART. III. The Fortifications of Huninguen having been constantly an object of uneasiness to the town of Bâle, the High Contracting Parties, in order to give to the Helvetic Confederacy a new proof of their good will and of their solicitude for its welfare, have agreed among themselves to demolish the fortifications of Huninguen, and the French Government engages from the same motive not to re-establish them at any time, and not to replace them by other Fortifications at a distance of less than that of 3 leagues from the town of Bâle. Extension of Neutrality of Switzerland to part of Savoy. The Neutrality of Switzerland shall be extended to the territory situated to the north of a line to be drawn from Ugine, that Town being included, to the south of the Lake of Annecy, by Faverge, as far as Lecheraine, and from thence by the Lake of *See Treaties between France and Netherlands of 28th March, 1820; between France and Bavaria of 9th December, 1825; and between France and Netherlands of 23rd October, 1829. [2nd Peace of Paris.] Bourget, as far as the Rhone, in like manner as it was extended to the Provinces of Chablais and of Faucigny, by Article XCII of the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna (No. 27).* Indemnity to be Paid by France. ART. IV. The pecuniary part of the Indemnity to be furnished by France to the Allied Powers is fixed at the sum of 700,000,000 of Francs. The modes, the periods, and the guarantees for the payment of this sum shall be regulated by a Special Convention (No. 41), which shall have the same force and effect as if it were inserted, word for word, in the present Treaty.† Military Occupation by Allies along the Frontiers of France. ART. V. The state of uneasiness and of fermentation, which after so many violent convulsions, and particularly after the last catastrophe, France must still experience, notwithstanding the paternal intentions of her King, and the advantages secured to every class of his subjects by the Constitutional Charter, requiring, for the security of the neighbouring States, certain measures of precaution and of temporary guarantee, it has been judged indispensable to occupy, during a fixed time, by a corps of Allied Troops certain military positions along the frontiers of France, under the express reserve, that such occupation shall in no way prejudice the Sovereignty of His Most Christian Majesty, nor the state of possession, such as it is recognized and confirmed by the present Treaty. The number of these troops shall not exceed 150,000 men. The Commander-in-Chief of this army shall be nominated by the Allied Powers. This army shall оссиру the Fortresses of Condé, Valenciennes, Bouchain, Cambray, Le Quesnoy, Maubeuge, Landrecies, Avesnes, Recroy, Givet with Charlemont, Mezières, Sedan, Montmedy, Thionville, Longwy, Bitsch, and the Tête-de-Pont of Fort Louis. As the maintenance of the army destined for this service is to be provided by France, a Special Convention shall regulate everything which may relate to that object (No. 42). This Convention, which shall have the same force and effect as if it were inserted word for word in the present Treaty, shall also regulate the relations of the Army of Occupation with the civil and military authorities of the country. The utmost extent of the duration of this military occupation is *See also Act of 20th November, 1815. + See also Convention of 9th October, 1818. |