THE CHAIRMAN: Is there any member of this committee present to read the report? If not, it will be read by the Secretary.

The Secretary of the Section then read the report as follows:

REPORT OF DELEGATES TO THE NATIONAL PURE FOOD AND DRUG CONGRESS, WASHINGTON, D. C., MARCH 7-9, 1900.

Pursuant to call, the National Pure Food and Drug Congress convened at Washington, D. C., on March 7, 1900.

Great interest had been aroused throughout the country by the Senate Food Investigating Committee and the "embalmed beef” agitation, so that much was to be expected from the transactions of this particular congress, especially as the deliberations of previous congresses had been embodied in the form of the Brosius House of Representatives Bill No. 6246, introduced in the 56th Congress.

The object of the National Pure Food and Drug Congress is "to secure suitable legislation of a national character to prevent the adulteration of food, drinks and drugs, and to secure the enforcement of such laws; to secure and promote uniformity in State legislation, and in the rulings of the State departments.

"To create and maintain a high public sentiment upon these important subjects, and to uphold and sustain all public officers charged with the enforcement of such regulations.

"To promote a more general intelligence concerning the injury to health and to the business interests of honest producers, manufacturers, dealers and exporters, resulting from food adulteration, and concerning the importance of proper food, properly prepared, to the health of the people."

In order that the congress might fairly represent the various boards of health, the medical, pharmaceutical, chemical, commercial and manufacturing interests as well as the State and governmental interests, the executive committee had arranged for the following appointment of delegates:

The Governors of each State and Territory are requested to appoint ten delegates, distributed as follows: agriculturists, four; pharmacists, two; wholesale grocers, one; retail grocers, one; food manufacturers, one; proprietary manufacturers, one.

Agricultural Department.-The Secretary of Agriculture and five delegates to be appointed by him.

The Internal Revenue Department.-The Commissioner and five delegates to be appointed by him.

Surgeon-General of the Army and five delegates to be appointed by him.

Surgeon General of the Navy and five delegates to be appointed by him.

The Surgeon-General of the Marine Hospital Service and five delegates to be appointed by him.

The Fish Commissioner and five delegates to be appointed by him.

Boards of Health.-State Boards of Health, three; Boards of Health of cities of from 20,000 to ICC,oco population, one; cities of from 100,000 to 500,000 population, two; cities of 500,00o population and upwards, three.

Boards of Trade and Chambers of Commerce.-Cities of from 20,000 to 100,000 population, one; cities of from 200,000 to 500,000 population, two; cities of 500,000 population and upwards, three.

Agricultural Associations.-National Grange, P. of H., five; each State Grange, two; National Farmers' Alliance, five; each State Alliance, two; National Farmers' Congress, five; National Horticultural Society, three; State Horticultural Societies, one; National

Dairy Association, five; State Dairy Associations, one; National Bee-keepers' Association, three; State Bee-keepers' Associations, one.

Official Organizations, etc.—Each State Agricultural Department, two; each State Food and Dairy Commission, two; each Experiment Station, two; each Official Agricultural Chemist, one; each Agricultural College, one; National Pure Food Association, five; each Pure Food Association, two; each State Board of Pharmacy, one; State Board of Agriculture, one.

Scientific and Medical Societies.-American Chemical Society, five; State Chemical Societies, two; local Medical Societies in cities of from 10,000 to 100,000 population, one; cities of 100,000 to 500,000 population, two; cities of 500,000 population and upward, three; American Pharmaceutical Association, five; State Pharmaceutical Associations, two; separate organizations in cities, one.

Trade Organizations.-Bakers' National Association, three; Bakers' State Associations, one; Bee-keepers' Union, three; Cider and Vinegar National Association, three; Cider and Vinegar State Associations, one; National Confectioners' Association, nine; State Confectioners' Associations, one; Dairy Union National Association, five; Dairy Union State Associations, one; Druggists' Wholesale National Association, five; Druggists' Wholesale State Association, one; Grocers' National Wholesale Association, five; Grocers' Wholesale State Associations, one; National Cheese Manufacturers' Association, three; State Cheese Manufacturers' Associations, one; National Retail Grocers' Association, five; State Retail Grocers' Association, three; fishing interests, five; National Preservers' Association, five.

Trade Organizations (liquor trade).-United States Brewers' Association, five; State Brewers' Association, one; National Liquor Association, three; State Liquor Associa tions, one; National Vintners' Association, three; State Vintners' Associations, one; National Millers' Association, five; State Millers' Associations, one; National Proprietary Association, five; National Women's Christian Temperance Union, five; State Women's Christian Temperance Unions, two.

From the American Pharmaceutical Association there had been appointed; M. N. Kline, J. N. Hurty, J. H. Manning, F. W. R. Perry, and J. F. Geisler, Chairman. Of these, Messrs. Geisler, Kline and Hurty were in attendance, and Messrs. Corning and Hynson, of Baltimore, who acted as substitutes for some of the absent members.

The first meeting of the National Pure Food and Drug Congress was called to order in the Harper Building at noon on Wednesday, March 7th, by the president, Hon. J. E. Blackburn, Food and Dairy Commissioner of Ohio. An unusually large delegation was in attendance. The report of the committee on credentials showed that delegates had been appointed from 46 States, Territories, the District of Columbia and the island of Puerto Rico, and from seventeen national organizations, besides those from local organizations. There were in actual attendance 258 delegates from thirty-one States, Territories and the District of Columbia, representing 13 National and 95 State and local organizations.

A hearty address of welcome was given the delegates by Commissioner John B. Wright, of the District of Columbia. This was followed by addresses by Mr. Matthew Trimble, the Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture, Col. J. H. Brigham, the Hon. Marriott Brosius, and others, after which the meeting adjourned to Wednesday evening, to give the various committees an opportunity to organize and agree upon amendments, etc., in the interim.

A special meeting of the delegates representing the drug and pharmaceutical interests was held in the National Hotel on Wednesday afternoon. Mr. Geo. A. Kelly acted as chairman, and Mr. W. L. Cliffe, as secretary. The difference between the various bills under consideration was explained to the delegates by Dr. Frear. Of the Mason, Brosius and Babcock bills, the latter did not find favor among the delegates, as it did not

mention drug interests, but confined itself to food only. The discussions at the special meeting, therefore, resolved themselves into minor amendments of the Brosius H. R. bill No. 6246, after which, upon motion of Mr. M. N. Kline, the following resolution was adopted:

"Resolved, That the Brosius bill (H. R. No. 6246), as thus amended represents the views of the drug delegates, and practically was the result of the past work of the different congresses, and that it be adopted as a whole."

The amendments, with one or two exceptions, were subsequently accepted and embodied as amendments at a regular meeting of the National Food and Drug Congress. On Wednesday evening the congress reconvened at the Harper Building. At this meeting Dr. William C. Frear, of Pennsylvania, Chairman of the Executive Committee, made a formal report on the various changes made in the Brosius bill since the (1899) session of the National Food and Drug Congress, and also explained the objectionable features of some of the other bills then before the 56th Congress.

Of these the Mason (Senate Bill No. 2426) and Brosius bills were similar in administrative features. The Brosius bill was drafted principally by Chief Chemist H. W. Wiley of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The Babcock bill was drawn by Food and Dairy Commissioner H. C. Adams, of Wisconsin. at the request of Mr. Babcock. In short, it may be explained that, as the discussions at the congress hinged principally on the Brosius and Babcock bills, the Babcock bill ignored the matter of drugs, and also differed from the Brosius bill in its administrative feature. Section I of the Babcock bill provided for the establishment in the U. S. Department of Agriculture of a Food Bureau, the head of which shall be a Presidential appointee. The Commissioner to receive a fixed salary and to hold office for four years.

The discussions resulting necessitated referring the question of the various bills to a Committee on Resolutions. The committee, formed of one representative from each State, by a vote of 24 to 1 favored the Brosius bill with the minor amendments indicated later on.

The minority report, as represented and ably defended by Mr. H. C. Adams, favored the Babcock bill, or at least the substitution of section I of the same for section 1 of the Brosius bill. A very prolonged and heated discussion followed in the regular meeting on Thursday, when the motion was made to make the substitution. On vote the Babcock feature was lost by a vote of 74 to 47. As this seemed the pivotal point of the discussions, the other amendments, as noted below, were adopted without much opposition.

The one of importance to "drug" interests is in the amendment dropping the National Formulary and leaving the United States Pharmacopoeia the recognized standard for "drugs" as defined in the act.

As the features of the Brosius H. R. bill 6246 have been before the public for some time, particular attention is called to the changes or amendments made at this National Pure Food and Drug Congress and enumerated below.

In the full bill (Senate Bill 3618, introduced by Mr. Proctor, March 15, 1900) the particular parts of sections containing the amendments adopted are printed in heavier type.

CHANGES MADE OR MATTER DROPPED FROM THE BROSIUS H. R. BILL NO. 6246.

In the Brosius bill Sec. 5 the term “drug” included “all medicines recognized in the United States Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary for internal or external use, and cosmetics."

From this the "National Formulary" and "and cosmetics" were dropped, and the words "and preparations" inserted after "medicines."

Article 2, Section 6, Brosius Bill, in the case of drugs. "If when sold under or by a

name not recognized in the United States Pharmacopoeia, but which is found in the National Formulary, it differs from the standard of strength, quality or purity, as determined by the tests laid down in said work." Dropped.

Lines 21 to 23, Section 6, p. 4 of the Brosius Bill were transposed under a new heading and embodied in lines 29 to 32, p. 3 of bill No. 3618.

Line 13, p. 4, Brosius Bill" or a drug," after the word food, was dropped.

Line 36, p. 4, Brosius Bill, read "signed by the wholesaler, jobber, manufacturer or other party from whom, etc." amended to "signed by the manufacturer or the party or parties from whom, etc."

Line 42, p. 4, Brosius Bill, the word "retailer "changed to "dealer."

Section 7, Brosius Bill, “That the Secretary of Agriculture is hereby authorized to cause all compound, mixed or blended food or drug products to be properly branded, and prescribe how this shall be done." The section was dropped, being covered by the provisions of Section 6.

Lines 5 to 8, p. 5, Brosius Bill after the word "select" in and such physiciars, not less than five, as the President of the United States shall select from the Medical Department of the Army, the Navy and the United States Marine Hospital-the words "three of whom shall be were inserted. Also, after Hospital, the word "Service," and line 8, p. 5, Brosius Bill, by "reason of the attainments in physiological chemistry and hygiene" was changed to by "reason of their attainments in physiological chemistry, hygiene, commerce and manufacture."

Line 15, p. 5, Brosius Bill, between the words "all" and "courts" the words "United States were inserted.

Lines 5 and 6, p. 6, Brosius Bill, the words "at the expense of the said manufacturer or dealer" were dropped.

Line 15, p. 6, Brosius Bill, shall be "fined not exceeding one hundred nor less than ten dollars. or imprisonment not exceeding one hundred nor less than thirty days, or both "" was amended to read "fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or imprisonment not exceeding one hundred days, or both."

Line 27, p. 6, Brosius Bill, after the word adulterated the words "or misbranded" were inserted.

Line 38, p. 6, Brosius Bill. After the words United States, the following clause was inserted "but such goods shall not be sold in any state contrary to the laws of that state."

Sec. 13, p. 6, Brosius Bill. That for the purpose of enabling the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out the provisions of this act, and for the compensation and expenses of experts, and for the compensation of such chemists, inspectors and clerks as may be necessary, and for an additional compensation of two thousand dollars for the Chief Chemist, as Director of the Bureau of Chemistry, and for necessary traveling and miscellaneous expenses, the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated from any funds in the treasury not otherwise appropriated." This entire section was expunged.

With the above changes and amendments the " Brosius" Bill was finally passed by a unanimous vote, and represents the deliberations of this congress.

In its amended form it was introduced in the United States Senate, 56th Congress, First Session, on March 15th, 1900, by Mr. Proctor, as bill No. 3,618, and after its second reading referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

The amended bill was also introduced in the House of Representatives on March 16, 1900, by Mr. Brosius, as bill 9,677, and referred to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.

The above bill is really the culmination of over twenty years of effort so commendably inaugurated by the agitation of the question of food adulteration in the Sanitary En

gineer (Edit. Henry Meyer), and brought to a focus by the $1,000 prize offered by Mr. F. B. Thurber through the National Board of Trade at its annual meeting in 1879, when the following resolutions were adopted:

WHEREAS, The public mind has of late been considerably agitated by the alleged general adulteration of food; and

Whereas, The question of pure and wholesome food and drink is one of great importance to the people of the United States; and

Whereas, Local attempts to regulate the sale of food have on account of limited jurisdiction or other causes, generally proved inadequate for the purposes for which they were designed, and it is, therefore, important that wise laws (if possible national in character) should be enacted which will afford adequate protection both to consumers and honest manufacturers; and

Whereas, A member of this Board offers to place $1,000 at the disposal of the Executive Council of this Board for a prize or prizes to be given for the best act or acts, accompanied by an essay designed to prevent injurious adulteration, and regulate the sale of food without imposing unnecessary burdens upon commerce; therefore be it

Resolved, That the President of the National Board of Trade be authorized to appoint a committee of experts, to be composed of five members, one of whom shall be a member of the medical profession, one a chemist, one a member of the legal profession, and one a merchant; said committee to examine and pass upon the merits of any acts or essays which may be submitted to them, and to award prizes therefor. The committee as soon as possible after their appointment, to make public the necessary conditions, and when their labors are completed, to place in the hands of the President of the Board an act designed to accomplish the purpose above described.

The committee of award consisting of John S. Billings, Surgeon U. S. Army, VicePresident Nati nal Board of Health, Washington, D. C.; Prof. Chas. F. Chandler, President Board of Health, New York; Ex-Chancellor B. Williamson, Elizabeth, N. J.; A. H. Hardy, Esq., of Boston; John A. Gano, Esq., of Cincinnati, from the numerous replies received, awarded the

1st prize to G. W. Wigner, F. C. S., London,

2d prize to Vernon M. Davis, College of City of New York,

3d prize to William H. Newell, M. D., Jersey City Heights, New Jersey,

and recommended the printing of the essay by O. W. Wright, and the remarks of Prof. A. B. Prescott, Ann Arbor, Mich.

The remarks and recommendations of the above award committee submitted at the time are so pertinent and applicable to present day food and drug legislation in general, that they are, at least in part, worthy of reproduction.

"The question of the adulteration of food, with perhaps the exception of milk, should be considered not so much from a sanitary standpoint as from that of commercial interests; as being of the nature of a fraud, in aiding the sale of articles which are not what they are represented to be. The main object of legislation upon this subject should be to prevent deception, to furnish to the public authoritative information, and to nullify the operations of ignorant and sensational alarmists, who damage the business interests of the country quite as much as do the evils of which they complain.

"We are of the opinion that there is much more danger to health and life in this country from adulterated drugs than there is from adulterated food, and that any legislation which is to deal with the one should also deal with the other.

"To indicate the legislation upon the adulteration of food and drugs which will protect health and prevent fraud, and at the same time not impose unnecessary burdens upon trade, is a matter of great difficulty, as the result of this competition clearly shows, for we do not consider any of the acts proposed to be satisfactory. In this matter it is much better at first to do too little than too much, and the first steps in such legislation should be tentative and educational in character.

"While it is highly desirable that the general principles of legislation on this subject should be the same in all States, we do not think it possible to secure by State laws absolute uniformity in the details in all parts of this country, and it would therefore be unwise to make the attempt.