EXERCISES.

PART I.

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION.

1. Refer to a map of Wales, and make a list of the words beginning with Llan-, Aber-, and other similar prefixes, which are either never or very rarely found in England.

2. Refer to a map of England, and make a list of the words ending in -ham, -hurst, and other similar affixes, which are rare in Wales.

3. Refer to a map of Germany, and find where the English forms (-ham, -hurst, &c.) most frequently occur.

4. Make a list of the names of villages ending in -by in the following counties:-Lincoln, York, Leicester, Northampton, Nottingham, Derby, Lancashire, Cheshire, Norfolk, Suffolk. Observe in what proportion they occur elsewhere. Make a list of the names ending in -caster, -chester, and -cester, observing where they occur. Also of names beginning with Sk-, as Skipton.

5. Find out, by reference to a map of Western Europe, on what part of the Continent the forms in -by prevail.

PART II.

ORTHOEPY AND ORTHOGRAPHY.

1. Give a list of twenty monosyllables where. the vowelsound is that of the a in fate, ten of which shall end in -e (as ale), and ten contain the letters ai (as ail).

2. Give a list of ten words like seat, where the sound of ee is expressed by ea.

3. Twenty words where w concludes a syllable, i. e. words like mow, shadow. Twenty (like merry, fortify), where y is final. Twenty where the same letters (viz. w and y) are initial, with remarks upon the difference of power between the same letter at the beginning and the end of a word.

4. A list of words where th is sounded as in there. Ten words where it is sounded as in thin.

5. Spell stags, absurd, stepped, tossed, and plucked, as they are pronounced. Give twenty words ending in -ed where the sound is that of -t. Twenty words ending in -s where

the s is sounded as z.

PART III.

ETYMOLOGY,

1. Frame five propositions, each consisting of three words; five consisting of two; five consisting of only one.

2. Twenty words capable of forming, by themselves, either a Subject or a Predicate.

3. Twenty capable of forming Predicates, but not capable of forming Subjects.

4. Twenty capable of forming both Predicate and Copula.

5. Frame five propositions, each of which shall include one of the following words :-wisely, from, very, to, wholly.

6. Frame a sentence containing the words and and because; and, having done so, show the propositions of which it consists.

7. Ten proper names, i. e. five of persons and five of places. Ten abstract names, along with their corresponding Adjectives.

8. Three Compounds beginning with, and three ending

with, the word day. Three compounds (like midshipman) containing more than two elements.

9. Form derivations from wise, man, happy, love, hunt, gird, gold, thrive, shrive, goose, drink, lamb, hill, craft.

10. Take a page from some good author and write down all the Pronouns it contains. By the side of each write the Substantive for which it stands. Thus, in

Write

The minstrel was infirm and old,

His haggard cheek, &c.,

His pronoun, equivalent to the minstrel's.

11. Make a list of the words beginning with wh- and connected in meaning with the Interrogative and Relative Pronoun, as when, where, &c.

12. What Pronouns end in -t? What is the power of the t?

13. Take a page from some good author, and having made a list of all the Substantives in the Singular Number contained therein, give their Plurals.

14. Make a similar list of the Plural forms, and give their Singulars. Give the Possessive Plurals of child, man, fox, wife, and dog.

15. Construct seven sentences, each of which contains one of the following words,—alms, riches, news, means, pains, mathematics, politics.

16. Take a page, &c., and write down all the Adjectives it contains, giving their Comparative and Superlative degrees.

17. Make a list of the words ending in -most, as up-most, &c.

18. Take a page, &c., and write down the Verbs it contains. From each Verb (where practicable) derive its corresponding Verbal.

1. In er, as hunt-er.

2. In -ing, as cleans-ing.

19. Make a list of ten Transitive, and as many Intransitive Verbs.

20. Give the Past Tense of the following Verbs,-fall, hold, blow, drau, beat, cleare, shake, give, arise, swim; also their Passive Participles.

21. What other words form their Present Tense like blow? what like wear? what like drive? what like swim?

22. Convert sweet, brave, strong, wise, and odd, into their corresponding Adverbs. Make a list of twenty Adverbs ending in -ly. Give a list of Adjectives ending in -ly. Separate those (like holy), from which an Adverb can be derived, from those (like daily) from which no such derivation can be effected. Give the grounds of this difference.

23. Give three examples of an Adverb in the Comparative Degree, and three of one in the Superlative.

24. Take a page from some good author and write down the Adverbs it contains; also the Prepositions and Conjunctions, and (if there are any) the Interjections.

25. Ten instances of derivatives ending in -ness, -th, -ard, -ling, -ry, and -ster.

26. Ten Compounds, in which—

1. A Substantive is preceded by a Substantive, e. g. day

star;

2. A Substantive is preceded by an Adjective, e. g. blind-worm;

3. A Verbal Substantive is preceded by a Substantive, e. g. fire-eater.

PART IV.

SYNTAX.

1. Make a list containing ten Collective Substantives (e. g. army). Construct ten sentences, in each of

which one such Collective shall occur.

2. Give ten words like black, which, though for the most part Adjectives, can be declined like Substantives, e. g. the blacks of Africa.

3. Construct four pairs of Propositions, each pair containing one of the following words,-because, therefore, although, nevertheless.

4. Place the Indefinite Article before the following words,―man, boy, woman, heir, hand, ox, day, unit, wellwisher, ewer.

5. Insert the apostrophe, when needed, before the final s in ships in the following:

1. This ships sail.

2. These ships are sailing.

3. These ships sails.

6. Investigate the following forms, myself, ourselves, herself, themselves, himself, and itself.

7. Give instances of Personification, Ellipsis, Pleonasm, and Apposition.

8. Investigate the expression, I have written a letter. In what Case, Number, and Gender would written be, supposing that (like the Latin scriptus, scripta, scriptum) it were

declined?

9. Which of the following sentences are Predicative, and which Promissive?

1. I shall be drowned.

2. They will be burnt.

3. You shall go to London.

4. You will see.

5. We will go.

6. He shall go free.

10. Construct a pair of Propositions in one of which the word in shall be an Adverb, in the other a Preposition. Do the same with on and through.