infant. In after-ages à fable was sufficient to clear her character; Jupiter was said to have been the father of her child, and to have wrought a miracle to gain access to her. The Greeks were not historians in the early times; and when their poets and mythologists began to dip into the registries of families, it would not have been borne to have had the vices of the ancestors of the great brought into open view; especially when writers of genius could readily, from the theology then in vogue and the fable of the age, find a reputable and secure cover for them. Now one or other of these reasons may evidently be assigned for the instances to be met with of any of the reputed gods of the heathens being engaged in gallantries with the ladies of later ages, than about the times of Moses, and in particular for the several pretences of Jupiter's having descendants later than can be consistent with the time of life above supposed to belong to him. There is, I think, one instance, which should not be entirely passed over without taking notice of it; which would place Jupiter not later, but a great deal earlier than his true age. Jupiter is said to have been the father of Argus by Niobe daughter of Phoroneus. This Argus succeeded Phoroneus, and was king of Argos; and began to reign there one hundred and ten years after the first year of Inachus, i. e. Apollod. Bibl. lib. 2. c. 4. a Hygin. Fab. 155. с • Ibid Apollod. Bib. lib. 2. c. 1. Vid. Castor. in Euseb. Chronic. A. M. 2264," which are one hundred and sixty nine years before the birth of Moses; so that supposing Jupiter to be the father of this Argus, would be to place him above a century and half earlier than the times we have contended for. I might observe, that the most exact writers took this account of Argus' descent to be rather common opinion than real fact." But there were two Argus's, one a king of Argos, who reigned there ages before Jupiter was born; the other was surnamed Panoptes, and lived in Jupiter's time, and Juno is said to have committed Io to his custody,' but neither of them were descended from Jupiter. The former Argus was the son of Arestor; and hence Ovid was probably led into a mistake, thinking that Panoptes Argus, whom he calls Arestorides, was the son of this parent. Arestor married Inachus' daughter, and by her had Argus, who upon Phoroneus leaving no son," succeeded to his kingdom. The latter Argus was son of Agenor, the son," or perhaps brother of Jasus. Jasus, as has been said, was father of Io, one of Jupiter's concubines; so that this Argus and Jupiter were indeed contemporaries; For the first year of Inachus' reign was A. M. 2154. See Vol. ii. b. 6. h. Vid. Pausan. in Corinthiac. c. 22, c. 34. Apollod. ubi sup. *Ovid. Metam. lib. 1. v. 624. Arestoridæ servandam tradidit Argo. m Ibid. c. 34. Pausan. in Corinth. c. 16. "Apol. Bib. lib. 2. c. 1. Pausan. in Corinth. o. 16. though Argus was not descended from him. We must expect to meet some seeming contrarieties in the genealogies of these times. But whoever will search may find such a concurrence in the accounts of so many different families, for the placing Jupiter where we have supposed him, and the solution is so easy of most, if not of all, that can be offered to contradict it; that if this of Argus or any other single instance could not be clearly refuted, yet it would not weigh against the number that agrees to it. When Jupiter succeeded his father in his kingdom; he found his people in some measure disposed for civil life. Saturn had reduced them to some regularity, both of diet and manners. Rites of religious worship were instituted, and rules thought of to promote the peace of society.' Care had been taken to form their language and their sentiments; by which means a sense of duty to their gods, and a good understanding, and spirit of justice and integrity were promoted amongst them towards one another.' All this Saturn had done, not by rigour of power and • Οι μεν δε Ελληνων λογοί διάφοροι τα πλείονα, και εχ ήκιςα επι τοις γενεσιν εἰσι. Pausan. in Arcadic. c. 53. 9 Της καθ εαυλόν ανθρωπος εξ αγρια διαίτης εις βιον ημερών Krasno. Diodorus Sic. lib. 5. p. 231. * Μαντείας και θυσίας και θεσμός της περι των θεων εισηγήσασθαι, και τα περί την ευνομίαν και ειρηνην καταδείξαι. Id. ibid. * Λογισμός ευρείν, και τας των ονομάτων θέσεις. Id. p. 282. * Εισηγήσασθαι απασι τηντε δικαιοσύνην, και την απλότητ Tns uns. Id. Ibid. compulsion, not by laws established with penal sanctions," without magistrates to enforce his dictates, or to execute vengeance upon, or restrain offenders. He had trained them to a simplicity of manners; and they were led by the influence and authority of his direction only, to pursue and practise what he dictated for the public good. And the great peace and quiet, ease and content in which they lived, sensible of no wants, but what they had a supply for, induced posterity to call their times the golden age." When Jupiter became king, he brought in a new scene of life and action. He taught his people to build houses; to gather corn, which until then had grown wild among the other fruits of the earth; and to preserve and use it for food, and after Sponte suâ sine lege fidem rectumq; colebat, Poena metusq; aberant; nec vincla minacia fixo ...OVID. METAM. nec supplex Turba timebat Judicis ora sui, sed erant sine Judice tuti. Id. ibid. * Δια την υπερβολην της ευνομίας, αδίκημα μεν μηδεν όλως υπο μηδενος συντελείσθαι, παντας δε τις υπό την ηγεμονίαν τότε τε ταγμένες μακάριον βίον εξηκεναι, πάσης ηδονης ανεμπόδις ως απο Aavolas. Diodor. Sic. lib. a 5. P. 231. Ovid. Metam. Hesiod. Epy. na Hp. Diodor. ubi sup. * Των οικιών κατασκευην ευρείν. Diodor. Tum primum subiere domos, domus antra fuerunt, OVID. METAM. Diodor. 1. 5. p. 232. In Saturn's days. Contenti cibis nullo cogente creatis, wards to sow and reap it in its season. He introduced a sense of property, appointed magistrates to dispense justice, and directed his subjects to bring their differences and disputes before them, and to submit to their determinations. Under his encouragement, the arts of working divers sorts of metals were attempted; arms were invented for a soldiery, and men were trained and disciplined for war. Shooting with the bow was much practised; improvements were made in navigation; and endeavours used for taming and managing of horses. Rules were agreed Arbuteos fatus montanaq; fraga legebant, Cornaque, et in duris hærentia mora rubetis, Et quæ deciderant patula Jovis arbore glandes... OVID. • Και την κατεργασίας αυτά, (Σίτες) και φυλακην επινοησαι, και σπείρειν καταδεξαι. Diodor. ubi sup. Semina tum primum longis Cerealia sulcis Obruta sunt. ... ....OVID. d Πρωτον, μεν γαρ απαντων καταδείξαι περι των αδικημα των το δίκαιον αλληλοις διδοναι της ανθρωπος, και το βια τι πρατίειν αποςήσαι κρίσει δὲ καὶ δικαστηρίω τας αμφισβητήσεις διαλύειν. Diod. p. 233. Λεγόσιν ευρετην γενεσθαι της περι τον σίδηρον εργασίας απασης και της περί τον χαλκον και χρυσον και αρχυρον, και των άλλων όσα την εκ τω πυρος εργασίαν επιδεχεται. Diodor. lib. 5. 235. 1. Πρωτον κατασκευασαι πανοπλίαν, και τρατιωτας κι καθοπλίσαι, και την εν ταις μαχαις εναγώνιον ενεργειαν εισηγηασθαι. Id. ibid. Η Ευρετην δε και τα τοξύ γενομενον διδάξαι της εγχώριας τα περι την τοξειαν. Ιd. Ibid. h Πρωτον χρήσασθαι ταις καλα θάλασσαν εργασίαις. Id. p. 299. 1 Προσαπλάσι δε αυτω και το της ίππος δαμασαι πρωτον, Ibid. |