goods were taken from plaintiff, the property was still in custodia legis, and action against constable to recover it was prematurely com- menced.-Id.
10 (Cal.App.) Possession of furniture by defendant's tenant was sufficient to sustain judgment in claim and delivery against defend- ant, where he was resisting delivery of the property to plaintiff owner.-Eastern Outfitting Co. v. Myers, 180 P. 669.
(1) (Ariz.) In replevin for automobile, no formal demand was necessary before suit, where it appeared plaintiff had made repeated efforts to obtain the car from defendant before suing. -Yates v. Russell, 180 P. 910.
III. PROCEEDINGS FOR TAKING AND REDELIVERY OF PROPERTY.
~~~39 (Okl.) An action to recover specific per- sonal property may be maintained in the coun- ty or district courts of state, although no order is issued for delivery of such property before judgment.-Thompson v. Grove, 180 P. 553.
IV. PLEADING AND EVIDENCE.
3 (Kan.) A private offer of reward for the apprehension of an accused person differs from an offer by virtue of a statute and becomes a contract when accepted.-Taft v. Hyatt, 180 P. 213.
7 (Kan.) Where a claimant of a private of- fer of reward for the apprehension of an ac- cused person is not aware of it until after he has acted, he is not entitled to claim the re- ward.-Taft v. Hyatt, 180 P. 213.
8 (Kan.) Where an attorney was notified that a person for whose apprehension a re- ward had been offered desired to see him, but could not agree upon a fee for defending him, and thereupon arranged for his arrest, but accused surrendered himself to the chief of police before anything was done, the attorney was not entitled to the reward.-Taft v. Hy- att, 180 P. 213.
(Kan.) A chief of police is not entitled to maintain an action to recover a reward of- fered by private individuals for the apprehen- sion of an accused person, since public policy does not permit an officer to claim a reward for merely doing his duty.-Taft v. Hyatt, 180
60 (Okl.) Petition, in action to recover per- sonal property from constable, alleging that it had been taken from plaintiff by officer under writ of attachment issued by justice of the peace, and that action was decided for defend- ant, whereupon attachment was dissolved, and See Master and Servant, 204-217. that plaintiff never perfected an appeal, was
not demurrable as showing that property was
taken by mesne or final process against plain-
tiff, in view of Rev. Laws 1910, §§ 4798, 4799. See Highways. Thompson v. Grove, 180 P. 553.
69(2) (Okl.) Where petition in action to re-
cover specific personal property from constable
alleged that after final judgment for defendant, See Homicide, 18. dissolving an attachment, plaintiff served notice of intention to appeal but never perfected the appeal, and where defendant filed a general de- nial, whether such appeal was perfected was a material issue the burden of establishing which was on plaintiff.-Thompson v. Grove. 180 P. 553.
69(4) (Okl.) Under a general denial in re- plevin defendant may make any defense which will defeat plaintiff's claim or right to posses- sion against defendant, and under the Code great liberality is allowed such defenses.- Thompson v. Grove, 180 P. 553.
VII. LIABILITIES ON BONDS AND UNDERTAKINGS.
123 (Or.) The execution of a supersedeas bond by defendant in replevin action on appeal from judgment for plaintiff does not operate to release sureties upon his redelivery bond.— Mishler v. Edmunson, 180 P. 934.
124(2) (Or.) Redelivery bond of defendant in replevin action conditioned "for the payment to said plaintiff of any such sum as may, for any cause, be recovered against said defend- ant," held to obligate sureties to pay costs taxed against defendant in the trial court and also on his appeal.-Mishler v. Edmunson, 180 P.
See Master and Servant, 358.
See Appeal and Error, 1033; Assignments for Benefit of Creditors, 40; Bailment,
18; Bankruptcy, 165, 303; Banks and Banking, 48, 315; Brokers, 40, 43, 54, 55; Chattel Mortgages, 89, 138; Con- tracts, 10, 116; Corporations, 126, 211, 426, 619; Customs and Usages, 19; Fraud, 13, 23, 25, 59, 66; Fraudulent Conveyances, 147, 179, 181, 186; Gas,
13; Infants, 58; Injunction, 236, 238; Insurance, 329; Limitation of Ac- tions, 155; Logs and Logging, ~3; Marshaling Assets and Securities, 4; Me- chanics' Liens, 50, 277, 281, 290; Mines and Minerals, 93; Partnership, 218; Payment, 65; Principal and Agent, 189; Set-Off and Counterclaim, 28, 41; Taxation, 696-708; Tenancy in Common, 38; Vendor and Purchaser.
I. REQUISITES AND VALIDITY OF CONTRACT.
22(1) (Kan.) A letter, written by one of three partners at the dictation of his associate, inquiring whether addressee wished to buy cat- tle, describing, locating, and pricing them, and concluding, "Phone me at Wichita," held not an offer to sell subject to acceptance, but merely an inquiry that might lead to prelimi- nary negotiations and eventual bargain.-Cox v. Denton, 180 P. 261.
23(3) (Mont.) Where sales contract pre- pared by seller provided that contract should not take effect until seller's acceptance, evi- denced by signature of seller's manager, such mode of acceptance was prescribed for seller's benefit and could be waived by seller and the contract accepted by any other mode.-Stein- Public brenner v. Minot Auto Co., 180 P. 729.
For cases in Dec.Dig. & Am.Dig. Key-No.Series & Indexes see same topic and KEY-NUMBER
effect upon acceptance evidenced by signature | 359(2) (Cal.App.) In action for the price of of seller's manager, was not in fact so signed, a gasoline marine engine sold to a fisherman, but seller recognized the contract by corre- evidence held sufficient to sustain the trial spondence showing intent to be bound thereby, court's finding that the engine was so defective the contract was binding, notwithstanding lack as to be wholly valueless for any purpose.-Im- of such signature; such requirement of con- perial Gas Engine Co. v. Auteri, 180 P. 946. tract having been waived.--Id.
38(1) (Kan.) Where sale of chattel was made for mutual benefit of seller and another, and was procured by false representations of one of them, active co-operation of the other, by statements inducing buyer to accept and rely on representations, constituted collusion. -Bice v. Nelson, 180 P. 206.
43(4) (Cal.) Purchaser of lease, good will, and furniture, etc., of fashionable hotel, fur- nished from various quarters and all sorts of
dealers with rare articles, was entitled to rely
on seller's representations as to identity and value of property, and was not bound to in- form herself, on consummation of sale, that ar- ticles she had bargained for were intact on premises.-Fay v. Mathewson, 180 P. 939.
52(7) (Kan.) In action for purchase price of automobile, sale of which was alleged by defendant to have been induced by false repre sentations by seller and another, evidence held sufficient to sustain finding that such repre- sentations were made.-Bice v. Nelson, 180 P. 206.
IX. CONDITIONAL SALES. 480 (1) (Cal.App.) Where furniture was sold conditionally by an outfitting company to the lessee of a hotel, title remained in the out- fitting company, and on default by the lessee it became entitled on demand to a return of the it.-Eastern Outfitting Co. v. Myers, 180 P. property, whosoever might have possession of
II. PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
(C) Government, Officers, and District Meetings.
55 (Ariz.) Under Civ. Code, 1913, par. 2733, and paragraph 5552, subd. 2, any two of the three members of a board of school trustees transact business.-Hermance v. Public School Dist. No. 2 of Maricopa County, 180 P. 442.
(D) District Property, Contracts, and Liabilities.
II. CONSTRUCTION OF CONTRACT. 66 (Utah) Where plaintiff brokerage com- pany offered to buy peaches of defendant, who offered to sell at price per basket, and plaintiff replied that if peaches were No. 1's defend-82(2) (Ariz.) The rule that an irregular ant could book another company 20 cars, con- tract of sale between parties resulted, it being immaterial to whom peaches were delivered, and by whom actually paid for, so that plain- tiff could not recover commissions as on brokerage transaction.-J. L. Price Brokerage Co. v. Dixon, 180 P. 174.
IV. PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACT. (C) Delivery and Acceptance of Goods.
1682(8) (Cal.App.) Where the seller of a gasoline marine engine to a fisherman never furnished and installed equipment as required by the contract, and the buyer's efforts in re- taining the engine and using it were directed merely toward enforcing the proper fulfillment of the agreement, he was not precluded from defending an action for the price on the ground of total failure of consideration.-Imperial Gas Engine Co. v. Auteri, 180 P. 946.
179(4) (Cal.App.) Where machinery is bought for a particular purpose, and proves by trial not to be adapted, but the purchaser re- tains it, an action for the price cannot be de- feated on the plea of failure of consideration unless the evidence shows the machinery was valueless for any purpose.-Imperial Gas gine Co. v. Auteri, 180 P. 946.
contract cannot be ratified, except with full knowledge of the iregularities by party ratify- ing, does not apply to officers of school dis- trict, since such officers are bound to know the facts relating to the irregularities.-Hermance V. Public School Dist. No. 2 of Maricopa Coun-
135(1) (Ariz.) In absence of statutory re- quirement that employment of teachers shall be done only at meetings of board of trustees, or that the board shall transact official busi- larly convened, it is not necessary that formal ness only at a general or special meeting regu- En-meeting be held for purpose of employing teach- er.-Hermance v. Public School Dist. No. 2 of Maricopa County, 180 P. 442.
(D) Bona Fide Purchasers. 234(6) (Ariz.) Whether the act of depriving the owner of his property be straight larceny, or conspiracy and larceny compounded, it would be as futile in one case as the other to pass title from the owner.-Yates v. Russell, 180 P. 910.
The good faith or honesty of purpose of one purchasing a stolen automobile is immaterial. -Id.
VII. REMEDIES OF SELLER.
(E) Actions for Price or Value. 354(6) (Kan.) In action for purchase price of automobile truck, answer held sufficient to charge collusion of seller in inducing sale to defendant by fraud.-Bice v. Nelson, 180 P. 206.
It is the duty of officers of school district to provide teachers, and to make contracts with them, and to know under what conditions a teacher, whom they know to be teaching, claims to act.-Id.
135(5) (Ariz.) Where teacher's contract, re- quired to be signed by two trustees, was sign- ed by only one of them, but trustee not signing knew that the teacher was teaching, without objecting thereto, and concurred in paying teacher's salary, the school district ratified the contract.-Hermance v. Public School Dist. No. 2 of Maricopa County, 180 P. 442.
141 (3) (Ariz.) Provision of teacher's con- tract that, in case the teacher "proves unsatis- factory as instructor, the board, upon the sanc tion of a competent judge, reserves the right to dismiss upon 15 days' notice," does not pre- vent discharge of teacher for good cause; the term "upon the sanction of a competent judge" applying only to the particular manner of dis
II. SUBJECT-MATTER. 28(1) (Wash.) Where owner leased farm upon lessee's agreement to give him one-half of the crop, and lessee thereafter delivered his own hay in performance of the owner's agreement to sell hay to third party, the price received for such hay by owner was properly offset against items claimed by owner in his ac- tion against lessee for breach of farm lease, being a part of the dealings between the parties in regard to crop, and hence arising out of original contract of lease.-Gentry v. Krause, 180 P. 474.
33 (1) (Kan.) Under Code Civ. Proc. § 100 (Gen. St. 1915, 6992), a set-off for libel may be pleaded and proved in an action for libel.- Kozel v. Kozel, 180 P. 278.
33(1) (Kan.) Where oil dealer paid inspec- tion fees imposed by state and collected from customer, and after statute had been declared invalid collected fees from state, customer could set up his claim as against an indebtedness in the form of an open account owing by him to the dealer. Sinclair Refining Co. v. Rosier, 180 P. 807.
34(1) (Colo.) In suit to enjoin obstruction of a road, cross-complaint, seeking relief for al- leged acts of plaintiff in fencing up another, different road was rightly stricken, not being a proper cross-complaint or counterclaim under the Code.-Dunbar v. Kohler, 180 P. 739.
SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE.
See Trusts, 359, 365.
II. CONTRACTS ENFORCEABLE.
33 (Kan.) A contract that a young man should work and care for an older man and his wife during their lives, and that he should be treated by them as their child and be given a certain share of their property at their death, is not invalid because the young man had reached majority when the contract was made.-Taylor v. Holyfield, 180 P. 208.
45 (Kan.) The statute of frauds will not be enforced against one who has performed a contract whereby he should work and care for an older man and his wife during their lives, and that he should be treated by them as their child and be given a certain share of their property at their death, where he can- not be restored to his original situation or adequately compensated in damages.-Taylor v. Holyfield, 180 P. 208.
51 (Kan.) An oral contract that a young man should work and care for an older man and his wife during their lives, that he should be treated by them as their child and be giv- en a certain share of their property at their death, held not so unreasonable or inequitable, as to be unenforceable.-Taylor v. Holyfield, 180 P. 208.
41 (Cal.App.) Where the partnership be- III. GOOD FAITH AND DILIGENCE. tween plaintiff and defendant ceased when they 89 (Kan.) Where a buyer contracted with organized a corporation to carry on their agent for the sale of land, which became the per- business, and the transaction whereby plain-sonal contract of the agent, and thereafter the tiff got entirely out of the business was one for buyer attempted to buy the land through other the purchase by defendant of plaintiff's inter-agents, who brought an action against the own- est in the company as represented by his stock, er for specific performance of a contract obtain- plaintiff's violation of the clause of the agree-ed from him by fraud in which an injunction ment whereby he bound himself not to compete with the company was a matter which could not be made the subject of a cross-complaint by defendant when sued by plaintiff on the notes given for his stock.-Cavasso v. Downey, 180 P. 950.
44(2) (Kan.) In an action on a verified ac- count against two partners for an indebtedness of the partnership, a cross-demand by one of the partners individually for damages to her caused by an unrelated tort of the plaintiff cannot be used as a set-off or counterclaim against plaintiff's action.-Omaha Crockery Co. v. Cleaver, 180 P. 273.
In a suit against partners on a verified ac- count, a cross-demand by one of the partners for damages to her individually because of being poisoned by the wrapping of a former shipment of goods received from plaintiff could not serve as a set-off or counterclaim, the cross-demand not being a mutual defense to her and her partner, in view of Code Civ. Proc. §§ 88, 97-
was granted forbidding the transfer of the land. it was such a violation of the buyer's obligation to the agent with whom he made the original contract as to defeat his action against the agent for specific performance.-McMichael v. Crawford, 180 P. 777.
See Constitutional Law, 139; Counties, 142; Waters and Water Courses, 128; Witnesses, 294.
III. PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, AND
1082 (Wash.) A complaint alleging con struction contract between the contractor and the state and that the materials for which plain- tiff demanded payment were furnished and deliv- ered to contractor for carrying out the construc- tion of the building described in the complaint
For cases in Dec.Dig. & Am,Dig. Key-No.Series & Indexes see same topic and KEY-NUMBER
against the contractor's surety.-Holly-Mason Hardware Co. v. National Surety Co., 180 P. 901.
VI. CONSTRUCTION AND OPERA-
(A) General Rules of Construction.
To warrant recovery by a materialman against state contractor's surety upon a bond given un-181(1) (Okl.) In construction of statutes, the der Rem. Code 1915, §§ 1159 to 1161-1, it is intention of lawmakers, when ascertained, must necessary that plaintiff show either that the ma- govern.-In re Cleveland's Claim, 180 P. 852. terial was used in the prosecution of the con- struction work, or that it was delivered on the ground for use therein.-Id.
191(1) (Colo.) A state by statute may con- sent to being sued.-Board of Com'rs of El Paso County v. City of Colorado Springs, 180 P. 301.
STATUTE OF FRAUDS.
See Frauds, Statute of.
STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.
See Limitation of Actions.
STATUTES.
184 (Okl.) When a strict construction of a particular statute would defeat legislative intent, as shown by other enactments on the same sub- ject in pursuance of a general purpose in accom- plishing a particular result, such construction should not be adopted. In re Cleveland's Claim, 180 P. 852.
185 (Ariz.) Where no exception in a stat- ute is made in terms, none will be made by mere implication or construction.-Greenlee County v. Laine, 180 P. 151.
188 (Ariz.) Words used in a statute must be taken in their common and ordinary sense, unless from the context it is evident some oth- er meaning was intended.-Arizona Eastern R. Co. v. Matthews, 180 P. 159.
206 (Ariz.) Effect is to be given, if pos- sible, to every paragraph and section of a leg- islative act.-Arizona Eastern R. Co. v. Mat-
For statutes relating to particular subjects, see thews, 180 P. 159. the various specific topics.
I. ENACTMENT, REQUISITES, AND VALIDITY IN GENERAL.
207 (Ariz.) Effect is to be given, if pos- sible, to every paragraph and section of a legislative act, and, if they seem to be in con- flict, they must be harmonized, if possible.- Arizona Eastern R. Co. v. Matthews, 180 P. 159.
225 (Okl.) To ascertain the intent of Legis- lature, all the legislative enactments upon the particular subject, including subsequent en- actments, should be construed together and giv- en effect as a whole.-In re Cleveland's Claim, 180 P. 852.
351⁄2 (Or.) Neither House Joint Resolution No. 1, ratifying proposed "National Prohibition Amendment," nor any other resolution of the Legislature, is subject to referendum by Const. art. 4, §§ 1, 1a; such sections applying only to proposed laws.-Herbring v. Brown, 180 P. 328. To ascertain what is meant by the term "bill" and "act" in Const. art. 4, §§ 1, 1a (amended), as to initiative and referendum, reference must 226 (Utah) The construction of a statute in be made to the sense in which the words were the state from which it is adopted, subsequent used before such amendments were passed, and, to adoption, is no more binding, so far as the when reference is so made, it is found that, the rule of construction is concerned, than the de- first term means a proposed law (article 4, § 1cision of a court from any other state.-Grieve [original], and sections 18, 19; article 5, § v. Howard, 180 P. 423. 15), while the second means a bill which has been enacted by the Legislature into a law (article 4, §§ 20, 21, 22, 28); a "joint resolu- tion" being neither a bill nor an act.-Id.
The subject-matter upon which the powers given by Const. art. 4, §§ 1, 1a, may be exercis- ed, namely, initiative laws, constitutional amend- ments, and acts of the Legislature referred to the people. are referred to collectively as "measures" merely as a matter of convenience and not with intent to include other and dif- ferent powers.-Id.
(D) Retroactive Operation.
277 (N.M.) A case in which final judgment has been entered is not a "pending case," with- in Const. art. 4, § 34, providing that "no act of the Legislature shall affect the right or rem- edy of either party, or change the rules of evi- dence or procedure, in any pending case"; "pending" meaning depending; remaining un- decided; not terminated.-Stockard v. Hamil- ton, 180 P. 294.
was proximately caused by the negligence of the truck driver in failing to yield the right of way to the motorman, as required by ordinance, See Principal and Surety. yet this fact would not relieve the street rail- way from liability if the motorman's negligence prevented the truck driver from yielding.-Colo- rado Springs & I. Ry. Co. v. Cohun, 180 P. 307.
See Appeal and Error, 161; Constitutional Law, 139; Corporations, 619; Coun- ties, 16, 112; Mandamus. 187; Mu- nicipal Corporations,297, 323, 406, 426, 519, 528, 533, 566-568; Parties, 76; Par- tition, 87; Pleading, 291, 406, 418; Schools and School Districts, 103; Ven- dor and Purchaser, 17, 110. 152. NATURE AND EXTENT OF POWER
12(1) (Cal.App.) In action for injuries to plaintiff pedestrian, when crossing track behind trolley car, due to her being struck and caught by a trolley rope swinging from defendant's car, proof that defendant knew that the rope was dangling, or that the officials knew it, was not required to make a prima facie case for plain- tiff.-Sallee v. United Railroads of San Fran-I. cisco, 180 P. 74.
112(2) (Cal.App.) Operating a trolley car upon and across a crowded thoroughfare with the trolley rope at its rear end swinging in a loop, which rendered it liable to strike, catch, and cast down pedestrians passing behind such car, was in and of itself a negligent act.-Sallee v. United Railroads of San Francisco, 180 P. 74. In action for injuries to plaintiff pedestrian, when crossing track behind trolley car, due to her being struck and caught by a trolley rope swinging from defendant's car, plaintiff was en- titled to rely on the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur to make out a prima facie case.-Id.
114(4) (Cal.App.) In action for injuries to plaintiff pedestrian, when crossing track behind trolley car, due to her being struck and caught by a trolley rope swinging from defendant's car, facts held to afford sufficient evidence, in the absence of explanation that the accident occurred through the want of proper care on the part of defendant or its employés.-Sallee v. United Railroads of San Francisco, 180 P.
(Wash.) Power to levy special assess- ments is referable to the taxing power.-Ever- ett v. Adamson, 180 P. 144.
2 (Wash.) Power to tax includes the power to retax and impose other burdens of taxation on same subjects of taxation at will of supreme taxing power.-Everett v. Adamson, 180 P. 144.
V. LEVY AND ASSESSMENT. (C) Mòde of Assessment in General. 348 (Cal.App.) In valuing land used as stock ranch, all the capabilities or uses to which the land is adopted should be considered. and not merely rental being received for use of land as stock ranch.-H. & W. Pierce, Inc., v. Santa Barbara County, 180 P. 641.
(E) Assessment Rolls or Books. 428 (Cal.App.) Omission of dollar marks and punctuation in their proper places on the assessment roll was not misleading to taxpayer, where it had knowledge of the exact amount, as evidenced by proceedings under Pol. Code, § 3819, in which it asked for the exact amount which it claims was paid in excess to that which contends should have been paid.-H. & W. Pierce, Inc., v. Santa Barbara County, 180 P. 641.
14(21) (Cal.App.) Evidence held sufficient to show that the striking of plaintiff pedestrian by a swinging loop of trolley rope attached to defendant's car, and not plaintiff's contributory negligence, was the proximate cause of plain-it tiff's injuries.-Sallee v. United Railroads of San Francisco, 180 P. 74.
117(29) (Colo.) Whether a woman riding with her husband in his motortruck across a street car track exercised ordinary care as to looking and listening and warning her husband is ordinarily for the jury.-Colorado Springs & I. Ry. Co. v. Cohun. 180 P. 307.
(G) Review, Correction, or Setting Aside
453 (Kan.) Gen. St. 1915, § 11342, pro- vides remedy to which a taxpayer for certain grievances may resort, but such remedy is cu- mulative and does not prevent property owner from paying taxes under protest and suing to recover them on ground that levy was invalid. not-Missouri Pac. R. Co. v. Board of Com'rs of Greenwood County, 180 P. 785.
It cannot be said as a matter of law that a woman riding with her husband in his motor- truck across street car tracks was negligent in not looking for an approaching car and in warning her husband.-Id.
SUBROGATION.
See Insurance, 606, 668.
2 (Kan.) Subrogation is indulged only in favor of one who pays the debt of another or of one who pays to protect his own rights, and not in favor of one who discharges a debt for which he was himself originally and primarily liable. -Spire v. Spire, 180 P. 209.
31(4) (Kan.) Maker of note, who was in fact surety for his comaker, on paying note was not entitled to be subrogated to payee's chattel security to prejudice of other liens on the chattel to secure other obligations of co- maker, in view of Negotiable Instruments Act, § 126 (Gen. St. 1915, § 6647).-Spire v. Spire,
See Evidence,
Trial, 191, 234.
469 (Cal.App.) Board of equalization's or- der, increasing assessor's valuation, is not void because of board's refusal to restrict itself in valuing property to the consideration of rental received for land; such refusal, if error, being committed in the exercise of the jurisdiction of the board to hear and determine matter before it.-H. & W. Pierce, Inc., v. Santa Barbara County, 180 P. 641.
der, raising the assessment on parcels of real 488 (Cal.App.) Board of equalization's or- estate to certain sum, after notice to owner un- der Pol. Code, § 3673, without designating in figures the exact amount of increase for each parcel, is sufficient, in view of Civ. Code, $ being' simply a matter of calculation.-H. & W. 3538; the amount of increase of each parcel Pierce, Inc., v. Santa Barbara County, 180 P. 641.
SUICIDE. 489 (Cal.App.) Upon proceedings by board 568; Insurance, 646, 665; of equalization to increase assessor's valuation of property, there being no requirement as to taking down the evidence at the hearing or of bill of exceptions to rulings of the board, a court will determine the board's action by in- spection of the record, in absence of fraud or abuse of power.-H. & W. Pierce, Inc., v. San- ta Barbara County, 180 P. 641.
See Appeal and Error, 422; Replevin, 123.
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS.
490 (Cal.App.) Order of board of equaliza-
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