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effusion of blood. Had the high feeling and the sense of public duty, which in this instance animated the Highest Lady in the land, been shared by the upper classes of her subjects, we should have been spared some of the most humiliating and disastrous exhibitions of sectional jealousy and hatred that have disgraced this country for many a year. Unhappily that supreme crisis in our recent history was marked by an unexampled outbreak of aristocratic prejudice, violence, and passion. Certain sections of the upper classes, and their organs in the press, did their utmost to exasperate the excited feeling of the nation, and provoke a war. For this purpose they indulged in unmeasured abuse of the American government, and malignant misrepresentations of the American people. The attempt was fortunately defeated by the good sense of the nation and the prudence of its Sovereign, but the injurious effects resulting from it have not yet passed away. The defeated faction still pursue, as opportunity offers, the same course of wilful misrepresentation from the same motives and with the same objects. But it is well the American people should know, as they are beginning to understand, that this policy of violence and passion receives no countenance or support either from the Royal Head of the nation, or from the great mass of her sober-minded, industrious, and suffering subjects. Whatever may be the case with other classes, the two extremes of the nation, the Royal Head and the suffering members of the community, are at least agreed in their desire and determination to maintain friendly relations with the American people in the time of their terrible national trial, and preserve a good understanding between the two countries. This may well be taken by right-thinking Americans as a set-off against the systematic efforts of some journals on this side of the Atlantic to embitter the temporary feeling of alienation in both countries, to sow the seeds of hopeless dissension, and produce lasting hatred between the two great divisions of the Anglo-Saxon race. On the other hand, we may fairly accept the expression of the deeper and more permanent friendly feeling cherished by Americans towards this country, as a set-off against the same sort of malevolent attempt on the other side of the Atlantic.

During the last two years there have been honest misunderstandings between the two peoples, and justifiable causes of mutual complaint. But where there is honesty of intention, and a really cordial feeling, such grounds of difference are soon adjusted. It is wilful, deliberate, and systematic misinterpretation that creates so much animosity, and produces such intense bitterness of feeling, and in this respect the "leading journals" on both sides of the Atlantic are about on a par. It is hardly surprising that what is written here by aristocratic organs in league on the Slave Power, should sometimes be mistaken on the other side of the Atlantic for the expression of public opinion, and produce for the moment a feeling of intense exasperation against this country. An instance of this may be found in the American news this morning, in the shape of an extract from the New

York Times. Such violent expressions reflect a feeling which, though natural enough, is essentially superficial and transitory. The deeper, more permanent, and enlightened sentiment of Americans towards this country finds expression in such friendly and dignified words as were spoken on board the Europa at the celebration of the Prince of Wales's birth-day.

Nautical Notices.

PARTICULARS OF LIGHTS RECENTLY ESTABLISHED.

(Continued from vol. xxxi., page 687.)

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F. Fixed. FA. Fixed and Flashing. R. Revolving. I. Intermitting. Est. Established.

(a.) 36.—The light will be a fixed light, showing white when bearing from S.E.b.E.4 E. round South to West, and red from West to W. N.

When eastward of Orme Hed, the change from white to red arises upon the line of bearing of the fair- vay Bell Beacon, off the entrance to the Queen Channel in Liverpool Bay. The red light will disappear if brought to bear to the northward of W. N., giving warning of the approach to the northern edge of West and East Hvle. If the red light be kept in sight, those banks cannot be approached nearer than one mile.

(b.) 37.-The N.W. light-vessel will be removed to off the West extreme of the Three and Four Fathom Tongue, in 6 fathoms at low water, with the change of the Orme Head light from white to red, and the masking of the Upper Hoylake light when bearing about S.S.E. The Orme Head light will bear West, 20 miles; Queen Channel bell beacon, East, 32 miles; Formby light, E.S., 6 miles; N.W. buoy of East Hoyle, S.S.E., 4 miles; and Helbre Swatch fair-way buoy, S.b.E., 44 miles.

(c.) 37.-From the westward the Upper Hoylake light will appear suddenly when bearing about S.S.E., in line with the N.W. light-vessel, and the

N.W. buoy of East Hoyle; and from thence it will be seen round South to the westward.

From the westward the Lower Hoylake light will appear when bearing about South, on the fair-way line between the East Hoyle Bank and the Four and Six Feet Flats; from thence visible round south-westward.

Sight the Lower instead of the Upper Hoylake light for clearing the flats, and the Hoylake lights in line show the turning point from the Horse into the Rock Channel, between Spencer and Dove Spits.

(d.) 38.-The light now exhibited on the West side of the channel will become a tidal light, and will be kept lighted whilst there are twelve feet water on the bar. The present tidal light near the end of the jetty will be extinguished.

(e.) 39.-The tower is twenty-six feet high, and stands on the southernmost of the heights of Cape St. James, at 776 yards from the southern point of the cape.

(f.) 40.--The light is visible from seaward through an arc of 120° or when bearing from S.b.W. W. round by East to E.b.N. easterly.

The tower stands on the S. W. part of the Boulder Bank, which forms the breakwater to the anchorage at about ten miles south-westward of Pepin Island, and half a mile N.b.E. of the powder magazine. It bears from the extreme of Cape Farewell sand spit S.S.E.4 E. easterly; and from the West entrance to Waimea River E.b.N. easterly.

The outer anchorage is in six fathoms water with the light bearing E.S.E. Caution.-Mariners are cautioned not to shut the light in, nor to approach within the distance of one mile of the lighthouse.

(g.) 41.he tower stands on the south-western rock of the Hanois Group, with Pleinmont Point bearing E.S.E., distant one mile; the Casquets N.E.b.E. E., 21 miles; Corbière Rocks, Jersey, S.S.E. E., 23 miles; and Roches Douvres S. W. S., 20 miles.

The water is deep to a quarter of a mile of the West side of the lighthouse, but dangerous rocks extend in a S.b. W. direction to the distance or a third of a mile, also to the N.N. W. for three-quarters of a mile, and to the northward for one mile. Les Grunes du Bois, a rock that dries ten feet at low water springs, and which has hitherto been considered the northernmost danger off Guernsey, bears E.b.N. N. nearly five miles from the lighthouse; but as several dangerous sunken rocks have lately been discovered outside it (one of which, Boue Blondel, has only five fathoms on it at low water, and bears from the lighthouse N.N.E., distant 3 miles), vessels passing westward of Guernsey at night, to clear all dangers, should not bring the Hanois light to bear westward of South until the Casquets lights bear E.N.E. Caution is also necessary during light winds to avoid being set towards the island by the flood stream.

The light is visible all round the western horizon, and obscured only to the eastward by the Island of Guernsey, from its North point bearing E.b.N to the southward as far as Pleinmont Point. The line of eclipse in this latter direction is S.E. from the light, passing 34 miles to the south-westward of L'Etac de Serk, and over the Pierres de Lecq Rocks.

PACIFIC OCEAN.

We find in the Commercial Advertiser the following reports of shoals, important to navigators.

The first is as follows, lying to the North of Isabel Island, the

principal of the Solomon Group, dangerous to shipping and new to the chart under the name of the Lass Shoal.

The brig Wailua, Lass, October 11th, 1861, discovered a shoal in lat. 7° 45' S., long. 159° 54′ E., about half a mile wide, and in length as far as could be seen from the mast-head; it stands N.W. and S.E. We passed over it and found 11 fathoms water. About one and a half miles from where we were, the water had a milky appearance, and think a vessel passing over there would be likely to strike. Did not find this shoal on any of my charts, therefore ships passing that way will require to keep a sharp look out. At the place where we went over, the rocks were plainly visible under the vessel.

The next by the same vessel is off the N.E. coast of New Guinea. The account says::

October 28th, lat 5° 40′ S., long. 146° 18′ E., during the night we discovered another shoal, not down in our charts. It is situated between Rooke and Lotten Islands, and is about half a mile in circumference, and is covered with trees.

The position given places it near the Astrolabe Gulf, but just within the coast line about Point Iris. We therefore preserve the record for future reference. The Lotten Island is Dampier's Rocky Island, called Lottin by D'Urville. The charts of these parts, however, are yet in a very imperfect condition, and especially that portion bounded by the Admiralty Islands, New Ireland, New Britain, and New Guinea, that appears to abound in detached shoals and small islands, of the positions and contour of which we are yet very uncertain. The following from the same vessel as the preceding is also new to the chart, and must have presented an interesting spectacle to the crew of the Wailua. The account says :

November 5th, discovered another shoal to the westward of New Britain, N.W. of Nord Island, five miles off shore. This shoal is about half a mile wide, and five miles long, having the appearance of a half moon. We lowered a boat and examined it, finding about 10 feet water thereon. On approaching this shoal the man at the masthead cried," There she blows!" but on nearing it we discovered it to be a boiling spring, constantly emitting water about 150 feet in the air, and on first sighting this it had just the appearance of a whale spouting. This spring can be seen about twenty miles off.

Such scenes are highly interesting, but are to be expected in a sea over a volcanic bed that will throw up a cone like Lottin Island, above 3,000 feet in height, in which the volcanic principle is evidently at work by the emission of smoke, and a large hollow on its N.E. side, the remains of an ancient crater. There is abundance of work here for the nautical surveyor.

NOVA SCOTIA, SOUTH-EAST COAST,-North America.

Shoals

Reported by Captain Shortland, R.N,, in Shelburne Harbour and Channel leading thereto.

The following description of shoals recently discovered in Shelburne Harbour, on the S.E. coast of Nova Scotia, is by Captain Shortland, R.N., 1862.

Middle Rock, in the channel approaching Shelburne, is a small rocky patch of 2 fathoms, low water springs, with the remarkable boulder on Surf Point bearing W.b.N. N., six cables, and Sand Point N.b. W. rather less than a mile. It is about half way between the North end of MacNutts Island and Sand Point northward of it, a 3 fathom shoal extending out to it half a mile from the eastern shore, the rock forming its outer extreme. The depth at a cable West from

the rock is 5 fathoms.

Hero Shoal is a small rocky patch of 2 fathoms (replaced on the chart by H.M.S. Hero in 1862), S. W., rather more than half a mile from the southernmost wharf of Shelburne, and about one third across from the western to the eastern shore, with the tower of the northernmost church in Shelburne on with a white house on the high land northeastward of the town, bearing N.E. N. At a cable eastward of the shoal there are 6 fathoms water, and between the shoal and the western shore 3 and 4 fathoms.

The tower of the southernmost church in Shelburne on with the white house on the high land N.E. of the town, bearing N.E. & N. leads a cable eastward of the shoal.

The following Notices to Mariners have been given by the Superintendent of U.S.C. survey, A. D. Bache.

In the approaches to Newport Harbour, Rhode Island, two rocks have been discovered by Henry Mitchell, Assistant U.S. Coast Survey.

No. 1. Is about 700 yards West from the Poor House on Coaster's Harbour Island, and 375 yards N.b.E. from red buoy No. 6. It is about one acre in extent, with 17 feet shoalest at mean low water. the lowest spring tides there will probably not be less than 15 feet over it.

At

It is nearly mid channel in the northern passage. To clear it, hug closely the bold shore of Coaster's Harbour Island.

2. Is nearly on the line between the Rose Island Spindle, about 325 yards from it, and Goat Island Lighthouse. It has two sharp peaks N.W. and S.E., 144 feet on the outer at mean low water. West of this rock the depth is 5 fathoms; to the northward, 7 fathoms; to the eastward, 8 fathoms; and to the southward, 7 fathoms water. It is outside of the line from Rose Island Spindle to buoy No. 3. To clear it keep the Goat Island side of the channel.

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