BOOK III.

PHYSICAL INJURIES BY FORCE.

BOOK III.

PHYSICAL INJURIES BY FORCE.

CHAPTER L

WOUNDS.

I. GENERAL.

203. Definition.

204. Examination, in general.

205. Expert examination.

206. Classification of wounds in general.

207. Subcutaneous wounds.

207a. Ecchymoses.

207b. Dislocations and fractures.

208. Open wounds in general.

209. Punctured.

209a. Size.

209b. Shape.

210. Incised.

210a. Direction of incision.

210b. Bleeding.

210c. Irregular.

211. Lacerated.

211a. Types,

212. Gunshot wounds in general.

213. Cannon balls.

214. Small shot.

215. Rifle and revolver bullets; small caliber jacketed bullets. 215a. Larger caliber lead bullets.

216. Wadding wounds.

217. Powder wounds.

218. Mutiple wounds.

II. DEGREE OF INJURY.

219. Mortal versus nonmortal wounds, in general.

220. Sources of danger.

221. Direct sources, in general.

222. Exhaustion.

223. Hemorrhage.

223a. Bleeders.

223b. Internal.

234. Sarcoma and epithelioma.

235. Traumatic neuroses.

235a. Railway spine.

III. HOMICIDAL, SUICIDAL, AND ACCIDENTAL WOUNDS. 236. In general.

237. Situation of wound.

238. Direction of wound.

239. Circumstantial evidence.

240. Position of body.

241. Mode of death; throat cutting.

244. Ante-mortem subcutaneous wounds; ecchymoses
244a. Ecchymoses from natural causes.

245. Physiological actions before death.
246. Acts after receiving a mortal wound.
247. Post-mortem wounds in general.

248. Appearances.

249. Hemorrhage.

249a. Coagulation.

250. Ecchymoses.

251. Cadaveric spots.

252. Post-mortem blisters.

V. WOUNDS OF VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY.

253. Head, in general.

254. Face.

255. Eye.

256. Ear.

257. Scalp.

258. Skull fractures, in general.

259. Vault of skull.

260. Base of skull.

261. Mechanism of fractures.

262. Gunshot fractures.

263. Brain, in general.

264. Concussion of brain.

265. Compression of brain.

266. Destruction of portion of brain.

267. Derangements of mind resulting from injuries.

268. Spine, in general.

269. Concussion of spinal cord.

270. Compression of spinal cord.
271. Dislocation of vertebræ.
272. Fracture of vertebræ.
273. Destruction of spinal cord.
274. Stab wounds.

275. Direct traumatism.

276. Subcutaneous wounds.
277. Open wounds of neck.

278. Larynx and trachea.
279. Esophagus.

280. Thorax; concussion.

281. Nonpenetrating wounds of thorax.

282. Penetrating wounds of thorax.

283. Heart; nonpenetrating wounds.
284. Heart; penetrating wounds.
285. Abdomen; nonpenetrating wounds.
286. Abdomen; penetrating wounds.
287. Pelvis.

288. Genitals; female.

289. Genitals; male.

290. Extremities.

VI. BLOOD STAINS.

291. In general.

292. General appearance.

293. Arterial distinguished from venous blood.
294. Chemical tests; sodium tungstate test.
294a. Guaiacum test.

294b. Hemin test.

295. Spectroscopic tests.

296. Microscopic test.

297. Biologic test.

I. IN GENERAL.

203. Definition. The term "wound," in a surgical sense, means a solution of the continuity of the skin. But in legal parlance the term is used in the broader popular meaning to include any lesion due to external violence. "Any lesion of the body, whether cut, bruise, contusion, fracture, dislocation, or burn," is considered a wound in