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such times and places as a majority of the judges of such district shall appoint.

judges to

§19. The concurrence of a majority of the judges hold- Number of ing a general term, shall be necessary to pronounce a judg- give judg If a majority do not concur, the case shall be re

ment. heard.

ment.

terms cir

§ 20. There shall be at least two terms of the circuit Special court and court of oyer and terminer held annually in each

of the counties of this state, and as many more terms thereof, and as many special terms as the judges of each judicial district shall appoint therein, but at least one special term shall be held annually in each of said counties. Fulton and Hamilton shall be considered one county for the purposes of this section. '

cuit courts

and courts of oyer &

erminer

prescribed.

courts and

§ 21. Circuit courts, and courts of oyer and terminer, Circuit shall be held at the same places, and commenced on the same day.

courts of

oyer & terminer held

together.

tion of times and

places of

made.

§ 22. The governor shall, on or before the first day of DesignaMay, one thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, by appointment in writing, designate the times and places of courts how holding the general and special terms, circuit courts, and courts of oyer and terminer, and the judges by whom they shall be held; which appointment shall take effect on the first day of July thereafter, and shall continue until the thirty first day of December, one thousand eight hundred and forty-nine. The judges of the supreme court of each district shall, in like manner, at least one month before the expiration of that time, appoint the times and places of holding those courts for two years, commencing on the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and fifty, and so on, for every two succeeding years, in their respective districts.

nary gene⚫

cial terms

§ 23. The governor may also appoint extraordinary Extraordi general and special terms, circuit courts, and courts of ral and speoyer and terminer whenever, in his judgment, the public good shall require it.

and over

and terminer how appointed.

Places of

holding

courts.

of appoint

ments

thereof.

§ 24. The places appointed within the several counties, for holding the general and special terms, circuit courts and courts of oyer and terminer, shall be those designated by statute for holding county or circuit courts. If a room for holding the court in such place shall not be provided by the supervisors, it may be held in any room provided for that purpose, by the sheriff, as prescribed by section twenty-eight.

General and special terms of the supreme or county courts and circuit courts and courts of oyer and terminer, may be adjourned to be held on any future day, by an entry to be made in the minutes of the court; and juries may be drawn and summoned for an adjourned circuit or county court, or an adjourned court of oyer and terminer, and causes may be noticed for trial at an adjourned circuit or county court, in the same manner as if such courts were held by original appoint

ment.

Publication § 25. Every appointment so made, shall be immediately transmitted to the secretary of state, who shall cause it to be published in the newspaper, printed at Albany, in which legal notices are required to be inserted, at least once in each week, for three weeks before the holding of any court in pursuance thereof. The expense of the publication shall be paid out of the treasury of the state.

When

judges not

may hold

§ 26. In case of the inability, for any cause, of a judge assigned assigned for that purpose, to hold a special term or circuit the courts. court, or sit at a general term, or preside at a court of oyer and terminer, any other judge may do so.

Duties of

27. The judges shall at all reasonable time, when not Judges as to engaged in holding court, transact such other business as

business

out of

courts.

Rooms,

fuel, &c. how furnished.

may be done out of court. Every proceeding commenced
before one of the judges, in the first judicial district, may
be continued before another, with the same effect as if
commenced before him.

28. The supervisors of the several counties shall pro-
vide the courts appointed to be held therein with room,
attendants, fuel, lights and stationery, suitable and suffi-

1

cient for the transaction of their business

If the super

visors neglect, the court may order the sheriff to do so;
and the expense incurred by him in carrying the order
into effect, when certified by the court, shall be a county
charge.

TITLE IV.

Of the County Courts.

SECTION 29. Repeal of existing statutes defining their jurisdiction.
30. Their jurisdiction.

31. General terms, when held. Notice to be published.
32. Jurors, how drawn and summoned.

existing statutes de

jurisdic

§ 29. All statutes now in force, conferring or defining Repeal of the jurisdiction of the county courts, so far as they conflict fining their with this act, are repealed; and those courts shall have tion. no other jurisdiction than that provided in the next section. But the repeal contained in this section shall not affect any proceedings now pending in those courts. § 30. The county court has jurisdiction in the following con special cases, but has no original civil jurisdiction except in such cases

Their juris

diction.

1. Civil actions in which the relief demanded is the recovery of a sum of money not exceeding five hundred dollars, or the recovery of the possession of personal property not exceeding in value five hundred dollars, and in which all the . defendants are residents of the county in which the action is brought at the time of its commencement: subject to the right of the supreme court upon special motion for good cause shown to remove any such action to the supreme court before trial.

2. The exclusive power to review in the first instance, a judgment rendered in a civil action by a justice's court in the county, or by a justices' court in cities, and to affirm, reverse or modify such judgment:

3. The foreclosure or satisfaction of a mortgage, and the sale of mortgaged premises situated within the county, and

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the collection of any deficiency on the mortgage remaining unpaid, after the sale of the mortgaged premises·

4. The partition of real property situated within the county:

5. The admeasurement of dower in land situated within the county:

6. The sale, mortgage or other disposition of the real property situated within the county, of an infant or person of unsound mind:

7. To compel the specific performance, by an infant, heir or other person, of a contract made by a party who shall have died before the performance thereof

8. The care and custody of the person and estate of a lunatic or person of unsound mind, or an habitual drunkard, residing within the county:

9. The mortgage or sale of the real property situated within the county, of a religious corporation, and the disposition of the proceeds thereof:

10. To exercise the power and authority heretofore vested in such courts of common pleas, over judgments rendered by justices of the peace, transcripts of which have been filed in the offices of the county clerks in such counties:

11. To exercise all the powers and jurisdiction conferred by statute upon the late courts of common pleas of the county, or the judges or any judge thereof, respecting ferries, fisheries, turnpike roads, wrecks, physicians, habitual drunkards, imprisoned, insolvent, absent, concealed or non-resident debtors, gaol liberties, the removal of occupants from state lands, the laying out of railroads through Indian lands, and upon appeal from the determination of commissioners of highways, and all other powers and jurisdiction conferred by statute, which has not been repealed, on the late court of common pleas of the county, or on the county court, since the late courts of common pleas were abolished, except in the trial and determination of civil actions; and to prescribe the manner of exercising such jurisdiction, when the provisions of any sta

tute are inconsistent with the organization of the county

court:

12. To remit fines and forfeited recognizances in the same cases and like manner as such power was given by law to courts of common pleas. But the first subdivision of this section shall not apply to the county court of the counties of Kings, Albany, Monroe and Erie.

13. To grant new trials, or affirm, modify or reverse judgments in actions tried in such court upon a bill of exceptions or case made subject to an appeal to the supreme court.

terms

§ 31. The county court is always open for the transaction General of any business for which no notice is required to be given to when held an opposing party. At least two terms in each county for the trial of issues of law or fact, and as many more as the county judge shall appoint, shall be held in each year at the places in the counties respectively designated by statute for holding county or circuit courts, on such days as the county judge shall from time to time appoint, and may continue as long as the court deem necessary.

be publish

Notice of such appointment shall be published in the state Notice to paper at least four weeks before any such term, and also in a ed. newspaper, if any, printed in the county; so many of such terms as the county judge shall designate for that purpose, in such notice, may be held for the trial of issues of law, and hearing and decision of motions and other proceedings at which no jury shall be required to attend.

drawn and

§ 32. Jurors for the county courts and courts of sessions Jurors how shall be drawn from the jury box of the county, and sum- suminoted.

moned in the same manner as for the trial of issues at a circuit court.

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